INDEX OF TEMPLATES, Lecture notes of Sociology

Download INDEX OF TEMPLATES and more Lecture notes Sociology in PDF only on Docsity! INDEX OF TEMPLATES INTRODUCING WHAT “THEY SAY” A number of sociologists have recently suggested that X’s work has several fundamental problems. It has become common today to dismiss X’s contribution to the field of sociology. In their recent work, Y and Z have offered harsh critiques of Dr. X for _________. INTRODUCING “STANDARD VIEWS” Americans tend to believe that __________. Conventional wisdom has it that __________. Common sense seems to dictate that __________. The standard way of thinking about Topic X has it that __________. It is often said that __________. My whole life I have heard it said that __________. You would think that __________. Many people assumed that __________. MAKING WHAT “THEY SAY” SOMETHING YOU SAY I’ve always believed that __________. When I was a child, I used to think that __________. Although I should know better by now, I cannot help thinking that _________. At the same time that I believe __________, I also believe __________. INTRODUCING SOMETHING IMPLIED OR ASSUMED Although none of them has ever said so directly, my teachers have often given me the impression that __________. One implication of X’s treatment of __________ is that __________. Although X does not say so directly, she apparently assumes that __________. INTRODUCING AN ONGOING DEBATE In discussions of X, one controversial issue has been __________. On the one hand, __________ argues __________. On the other hand, __________ contends __________. Others even maintain __________. My own view is __________. When it comes to the topic of __________, most of us will readily agree that __________. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of __________. Whereas some are convinced that __________, others maintain that __________. In conclusion, then, as I suggested earlier, defenders of __________ can’t have it both ways. Their assertion that __________ is contradicted by their claim that __________. CAPTURING AUTHORIAL ACTION X acknowledges that __________. X agrees that __________. X argues that __________. X believes that __________. X denies/does not deny that _____. X claims that __________. X complains that __________. X concedes that __________. X demonstrates that __________. X deplores the tendency to ______. X celebrates the fact that ________. X emphasizes that __________. X insists that __________. X observes that __________. X questions that __________. X refuses the claim that ________. X reminds us that __________. X suggests that __________. X urges us to __________. INTRODUCING QUOTATIONS X states, “__________.” As the prominent philosopher X puts it, “__________.” According to X, “__________.” Politicians __________, X argues, should __________. Most athletes will tell you that __________. My own view, however, is that __________. I agree, as X may not realize, that __________. But __________ are real and, arguably, the most significant factor in __________. But X is wrong that __________. However, it is simply not true that __________. Indeed, it is highly likely that __________. But the view that __________ does not fit all the facts. X is right/wrong that __________. X is both right and wrong that __________. Yet a sober analysis of the matter reveals __________. Nevertheless, new research shows __________. Anyone familiar with __________ should see that __________. EMBEDDING VOICE MARKERS X overlooks what I consider an important point about __________. My own view is that what X insists is a __________ is in fact a __________. I wholeheartedly endorse what X calls __________. These conclusions, which X discusses in __________, add weight to the argument that __________. ENTERTAINING OBJECTIONS Yet some readers may challenge the view that __________. After all, many believe __________. Indeed, my own argument that __________ seems to ignore __________ and __________. Of course, many will probably disagree with this assertion that __________. NAMING YOUR NAYSAYERS Here many feminists would probably object that __________. But social Darwinists would certainly take issue with the argument that __________. Biologists, of course, may want to dispute my claim that __________. Nevertheless, both followers and critics of Malcolm X will probably dispute my claim that __________. Although not all Christians think alike, some of them will probably dispute my claim that __________. Non-native English speakers are so diverse in their views that it’s hard to generalize about them, but some are likely to object on the grounds that __________. MAKING CONCESSIONS WHILE STILL STANDING YOUR GROUND Although I grant that __________, I still maintain that __________. Proponents of X are right to argue that __________. But they exaggerate when they claim that __________. While it is true that __________, it does not necessarily follow that __________. On the one hand, I agree with X that __________. But on the other hand, I still insist that __________. INDICATING WHO CARES __________ used to think __________. But recently [or within the past few decades] __________ suggests that __________. What this new research does, then, is correct the mistaken impression, held by many earlier researchers, that __________. These findings challenge the work of earlier researchers, who tended to assume that __________. Recent studies like these shed new light on __________, which previous studies had not addressed. Researchers have long assumed that __________. For instance, one eminent scholar of cell biology, __________, assumed in __________, her seminal work on cell structures and functions, that fat cells __________. As __________ herself put it, “__________” (200-). Another leading scientist, __________, argued that fat cells “__________” (200-). Ultimately, when it came to the nature of fat, the basic assumption was that __________. But a new body of research shows that fat cells are far more complex and that __________. If sports enthusiasts stopped to think about it, many of them might simply assume that the most successful athletes __________. However, new research shows __________. These findings challenge dieters’ common assumptions that __________. At first glance, teenagers appear to__________. But on closer inspection __________. ESTABLISHING WHY YOUR CLAIMS MATTER X matters/is important because __________. Although X may seem trivial, it is in fact crucial in terms of today’s concern over __________. Ultimately, what is at stake here is __________. These findings have important consequences for the broader domain of __________. My discussion of X is in fact addressing the larger matter of __________. These conclusions/This discovery will have significant applications in __________ as well as in __________. Although X may seem of concern to only a small group of __________, it should in fact concern anyone who cares about __________. From “They Say/I Say”: The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing, by Gerald Graff and Cathy Birkenstein. W.W. Norton & Company: New York, 2006.