Memory and Information Processing: Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval, Slides of Introduction to Psychology

Download Memory and Information Processing: Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval and more Slides Introduction to Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Information Processing Docsity.com Memory  Memory  persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information Docsity.com Maintenance; f Reh | ‘ Rehearsal enealsd Iconie memory oe Storage (Elaborative — rehearsal : cnyirorimental tenon Short-term | Longterm | nut = memory Retrieval «se ory Working Tt Memory [—S a, sensory memory Response Output Docsity.com • Short-term memory – Limited capacity for information and limited time it stays there • Magic seven plus or minus two – Increase by chunking • Time in short term memory: fractions of a second – Increase by maintenance rehearsal Docsity.com Encoding  Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables  TUV ZOF GEK WAV  the more times practiced on Day 1, the fewer repetitions to relearn on Day 2  Spacing Effect  distributed practice yields better long- term retention than massed practice Docsity.com Encoding  Imagery  mental pictures  a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding  Mnemonics  memory aids such as using vivid imagery and organization devices Docsity.com Encoding  Chunking (an organization device)  organizing items into familiar, manageable units  often occurs automatically  use of acronyms  HOMES--Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior  EGBDF—Every Good Boy Does Fine Docsity.com Storage: Retaining Information  Iconic Memory  a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli  a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more that a few tenths of a second  Echoic Memory  momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli Docsity.com Storage: Long-Term Memory  MRI scan of hippocampus (in red) Hippocampus Docsity.com Retrieval: Getting Information Out  Recall  measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier  as on a fill-in-the blank test  Recognition  Measure of memory in which the person has only to identify items previously learned  as on a multiple-choice test Docsity.com Retrieval Cues  Deja Vu (French)--already seen  cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier similar experience  "I've experienced this before." Docsity.com