Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion, Study Guides, Projects, Research of English

Download Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion and more Study Guides, Projects, Research English in PDF only on Docsity! SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion Division of Pasig City Research Manual & Research Agenda Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion First Semester First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this manual are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City Printed in the Philippines by (School) Department of Education – Division of Pasig City Office Address: Caruncho Avenue, San Nicolas, Pasig City Telefax: (02) 8641-8885 E-mail Address: division.pasig2016@gmail.com Development Team of the Manual Writers: Marivi T.Camacho, Rommel John L. Aballe, Evelyn S. Lopez, Kate Anne M. Macasinag, Melannie Nanteza Editor: Ardith Telewik Reviewers: Marivi T. Camacho, Kirk F. So Illustrator: James Harold B. Francisco, Rommel John L. Aballe Layout Artist: Name Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin OIC-Schools Division Superintendent Aurelio G. Alfonso, Ed. D. OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Victor M. Javeña, Ed. D. Chief - School Governance and Operations Division OIC – Chief Curriculum Implementation Division Education Program Supervisors 1. Librada L. Agon, Ed. D., EPP/TLE 2. Liza A. Alvarez, Science 3. Bernard R. Balitao, Araling Panlipunan 4. Joselito E. Calios, English 5. Norlyn D. Conde, Ed. D., MAPEH 6. Wilma Q. Del Rosario, LRMS 7. Ma. Teresita E. Herrera, Ed. D., Filipino 8. Perlita M. Ignacio, Ph. D., ESP/SPED 9. Dulce O. Santos, Ed. D., Kinder/MTB 10. Teresita P. Tagulao, Ed. D., Mathematics For the learner: Welcome to the Division of Pasig City Research Manual & Research Agenda. The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands! This manual was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active learner. Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING Introduction One of the initial steps in planning a research work is to ask oneself first ―What are the existing problems that need solution?‖. In this section, you need to discuss the relevant theories, history and background of the problem being researched. It will help you establish the need to conduct the study and explain the importance of your research work. The first paragraph discusses the rationale of the study. It must define the subject, main variables used, issues, or problem of the study. It also contains global or broad perspective where you can cite situations or ideas taken from published works. And finally, this part should describe why the present study is conducted and attempt to bridge knowledge gaps identified and how further progress can it be useful in the academic and societal discipline. Remember that it is important acknowledge your sources using:  Indirect citation – (Nanteza, 2020), or  Direct citation – According to Nanteza (2020) In writing this part, consider the following format shown in the example below. According to Kapri (2014), emotion is the energy that makes the mind work and emotions supply the energy for survival. Human emotions make life more dynamic and functional. It is the human ability to feel greater than what sustains our physical needs and still, greater than the five senses; it is the ability to be affected and to have an effect. Emotions are both mental and physical feelings that are vital in living life. These emotions influence thoughts, thoughts influence words, words affect actions and actions turn to habit, which in a way indicate that emotions are necessary in stimulating and forming one’s behavior and actions towards oneself and towards the world he lives in. Direct Citation 1 single space Definition of concepts Century Schoolbook 12, center aligned, bold Century Schoolbook 12, center aligned, bold, ALLCAPITAL LETTERS d Century Schoolbook 12, Left aligned, bold 2 single space 1 single space 1 single space foundation of the research work and describes how they are applied or used by the researcher in the current study. In the first sentence of the first paragraph, state the main objective of conducting your research. You need also to discuss the theory or concept where you anchored your study. The discussion should be at the context of your study and not on the mere definition of the theory. Layout your diagram below this paragraph which represents your Theoretical/Conceptual Framework. See samples below. After the discussion of the theory provide another paragraph that explains the connection, relevance and use of the said theory to the present study. It should justify that the theory used is the most appropriate foundation of the study at hand. (Note: You may have a separate section for Conceptual and Theoretical Framework) Conceptual Framework While the theoretical framework of a thesis states the fundamentally accepted principles, theory, laws, where the research study is anchored, the conceptual framework is consist of statements that link abstract concepts (linguistic, reading competency) to empirical data (Rudestam & Newton, 2001). Concepts serve as the central building blocks of scientific investigation. Davis (2005) states that concept is an The Genos EI model is a foundation for our study as it discusses the seven dimensions of emotional intelligence, which is a predictor of emotional maturity and by some scholars, almost similarly associated terms. The seven dimensions of emotional intelligence also describe aspects present in the four aspects of emotional maturity which is emotional instability, social maladjustment, emotional regression and personality development. Also, Stanley Coppersmith theory is one of the theoretical backbones of our study because firstly, it gives a valid background for self-esteem—self- esteem stems from childhood through the parent’s child-rearing practices and states how self-esteem is affected, can be changed, increased or decreased throughout the lifetime of a person by different factors and such positive and negative circumstances can affect an individual’s self-esteem. These two theories implicitly state that there is a relationship of one’s emotional maturity to a person’s self-esteem which this study hopes to prove and discover. abstract ideas derived from certain facts. Thus, it is the operationalization of the theory as applied to the research study. By utilizing the system approach, the theoretical framework discussed earlier is operationalized in the sample conceptual framework of the study illustrated as follows: Input Process Output Figure 3. CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM OF THE STUDY ON THE LEVEL OF ENGLISH PROFECIENCY Do not forget that after the diagram must be a description of each box (Input- Process-Output) and explain their relationship as shown in the model. The diagram must be titled ―Figure __. Conceptual Paradigm of the Study on the (__main variables of the study___) written all caps and inverted pyramid style.  Demographic Profile of the respondents:  Gender  Grade Level  Level of English Proficiency  Linguistic Competency  Subject- Verb Agreement  Structural Analysis  Correct Usage  Reading Competency  Vocabulary  Noting Details  Determining the Author’s Purpose  Making Inferences  Getting the main Idea - Enabling Steps Data Gathering Procedure - Test Questionnaire Processing - Item Analysis - - Data Interpretation Data Gathered on: Assestment on Students in English Proficieny. Action plan on the results of students’ English Proficiency FEEDBACK Statement of the Problem The statement of the problem (SOP) of a thesis contains a brief summary of the conceptual foundation of the proposed research study. Thus, it is a very clear formulation of the research problem. The SOP has 2 main parts, the central problem and the sub-problems identified by the researcher. The main or general objective is stated in declarative form. Usually, it is stated like ―This study aims to….‖ Then, three to five specific problems are stated in interrogative form. Follow the sample format where: The main objectives and the specific objectives are indented. Each sub-question must be numbered. Main and Specific Problems of the study.d Sub- problemsd Here is another example of a statement of the problem taken from the thesis titled ―The Impact of the Individual Spirituality of Public Employees on Organization Values in Selected Government Organizations‖ Hypotheses A hypothesis is a declarative sentence that predicts the results of a research study based on existing scientific knowledge and assumptions. It is a statement that the researcher can empirically test, that if true, would explain the researcher’s output. There are two types of hypothesis: null Ho) hypothesis and alternative (Hi) hypothesis. Null is stated in negative form while alternative is stated in positive form. This study attempts to find evidence of the impact of individual spirituality on organizational values. More specifically, it seeks answers to the following questions: 1. How does the organization’s proneness to corruption affect or relate to individual spirituality in terms of the following: personal spirituality and societal spirituality? 2. How does the organization’s proneness to corruption affect or relate to organization values? 3. What is the relationship between individual spirituality and demographic variables? 4. What is the relationship between individual spirituality and organizational values? Sample Null Hypothesis (Ho) 1. There is no significant relationship between the CSR practices and financial performance of the IT distributor enterprises when respondents are grouped according to profile. Scope and Limitation This portion will set the boundary of your study. It needs to answer the following questions: Where will the study be conducted? What is the planned timeframe of the study? And who are the people involved in the study? What resources and data are needed? It also contains the main objective of the study and the variables under study to attain the research objective. After enumerating the variables, emphasize other factors that may intervene the results are not under study. Example ―Other factors not stated in this section are beyond the scope of this study‖. Sample Alternative Hypothesis (Hi) 1. There is a significant relationship between the emotional maturity of the students with their academic self-esteem. 2. There is a significant relationship between the emotional maturity of the students with their social self-esteem. Definition of Terms The purpose of definition of terms is to bring the researcher’s ideas within the grasp of understanding of the reader. Definitions should be defined operationally or contextually, and terms should be arranged alphabetically. Follow the sample format where: The terms are indented, boldface followed by a period. The definitions are not boldface and are written in complete sentences. You may state this way: Definition of Terms The following is a list of terms that will provide meaning in order to understand the contents of this study: Academic Self-esteem. The self-esteem of a person based on academic achievements and recognition. Adolescence. Typically describes the years between ages 13 and 19 and can be considered the transitional stage from childhood to adulthood. Emotional Instability. Is being exaggerated and acting inappropriately. It is the inappropriate control of the emotions that sometimes eventually leads to emotional health disorders. Emotional Intelligence. The capacity to be aware of, control, and express one's emotions, and to handle interpersonal relationships judiciously and empathetically. Emotional Regression. It requires receding to an earlier growing stage ( emotionally, socially, or behaviorally). Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES The review of related literature of a research paper reviews recent or historically significant research studies, data, company, government, community or industry reports that act as the basis for the study being proposed. It encourages, educates, teaches, and enlightens. It creates ideas; helps to formulate critical questions which are instrumental in the research design process. The researcher studies different types of literature applicable to their analysis by reading, reviewing, and critically analyzing what has been written about the topic. A well- constructed literature review is an important criterion in establishing research credibility. The Review of Literature and Studies shall be organized thematically; therefore, the subheadings will be based on the themes/topics. A synthesis of the reviewed literature and studies should be placed at the end of the chapter. The minimum number of literature and studies to be reviewed shall be 5 every theme or topic. The introductory part of this chapter is written by following the format indicated herein. Box 2. Sample paraphrased paragraph using the APA Format Century Schoolbook 12, center aligned, BOLD Century Schoolbook 12, center aligned, BOLD, ALL CAPITAL LETTERS 2 single space 1 single space 1 single space Box 1. Sample of an introduction for the Review of Related Literature The first paragraph should contain a brief walkthrough of the themes that are included in your research. The themes could be numbered so that the presentation of the data should be organized and easily understood by the readers as shown from box 1. THEME 1: Century Schoolbook 12, left aligned, BOLD 1 single space Each of the citation should be arranged also in chronological manner. Texts gathered from varied sources should not be copied directly to avoid plagiarism. They should be rephrased, and sources should be labeled based on the APA 6th edition format. (Dela Cruz, 2018) or Dela Cruz (2018) … Box 5. Sample related literature sorted by theme/topic The following criteria can help the researcher have a good literature review: 1. Is the material presented in literature review relevant to my research interests? 2. Is the specific problem area identified in the first paragraph of the two report? 3. Does the researcher establish the importance of the research problem? THEME 1: BOLD, left aligned Allot one paragraph for each reference. Use the APA THEME 2: BOLD, left aligned THEME 2: BOLD, left aligned 4. Has the researcher been appropriately selective in deciding what studies to include in the literature review? 5. Is the research cited recent/ published ten years ago? 6. Is the literature review critical for the study? 7. Is the researcher clear as to what is research, theory and opinion? 8. Overall, is it a strong literature review? Synthesis of the Reviewed Related Literature and Studies This is the last paragraph of your Chapter 2 which contains the summary of your entire readings including the gap or the need in conducting your study. The summary of the findings should include the authors who agreed to the said topic and those authors who disagreed. It should also include how their studies agreed or differed from one another. The researcher should also discuss the gap and uniqueness of the research study. The last part should be long enough to discuss the important points of your study and how it answers your research questions but be sure to only put important and major details necessary for your study. Sample of Synthesis of the Reviewed Related Literature and Studies Short introduction for the synthesis of the Review of Related Literature Similarities of findings of various authors Short introduction for the synthesis of the Review of Related Literature Similarities of findings of various authors Method of Research This refers to the specific decisions made by the researcher with regard to the method and procedures adopted in the conduct of a research study. This pertains to the plan for the study’s methodology. This part states the following in this order: First sentence: - Research design (whether experimental, correlational, descriptive, quantitative, qualitative or combination, historical, etc.) which you are using in your study.Next sentence/s: - are those that describe and support the purpose of your chosen design.Sentences that explain the procedure or instrument you are using for this design. Example: Font style: Century Schoolbook Font size: 12pts. Spacing: double space Title by part: bold and single The first sentence/s indicates the methods used by the researchers. The following sentences will be the description and purpose of each method to the study. Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique This pertains to population from which the respondents of the study are chosen. The respondents are selected through computing the sample size by applying the appropriate sampling technique. This part of Chapter 3 includes the following steps and contents: First, choose the participants of the study. Participants refer to the samples or respondents you will use in your study.- If you are gathering data from human beings, use “Participants of the Study.”- If you are gathering data from non-human biological beings, phenomenon, or non-animate object, use “Subject of the Study.” Second, describe and explain your samples/respondents. Make sure to provide appropriate reason for choosing them. Third, write the sampling procedure that you employed in your study and its method of identifying the samples. Then, if you use probability sampling (Simple Random Sampling, Stratified Random Sampling, Cluster Sampling, etc.), state the formula and the margin of error that you will consider in identifying the samples. If you are using Non- probability Sampling (Purposive Sampling, Snowball Sampling, Availability Sampling, etc.), discuss the criteria that you considered in choosing your samples or respondents. Lastly, for probability sampling, present the sampling computation through table. Font style: Century Schoolbook Font size: 12pts. Spacing: double space Title by part: bold and single This part discusses the chosen participants as respondents of the study with descriptions, and the sampling procedure and its method in identifying the samples. The Coachran’s formula is used to determine the sample size appropriate the study’s target population. Description of the Respondents This part refers to the description which indicates the characteristics, background, and suitability of the respondents to the study. Example: For a qualitative research, this portion is called ―Informants‖. The research should tell the reader how and why you chose the informants for your study – Usually, ‘purposive sampling’ is used because the informants are available, convenient and most importantly represent characteristics you want to study (Silverman, 2000). Title: Century Schoolbook, Bold Content: specific descriptions of the respondents and the justification of their suitability as respondents of the study. Research Instrument The research instruments used in a study depends on whether the research study being conducted falls into the category of a quantitative or a qualitative study. These are the measurement tools such as questionnaires, test, survey, scales, checklists designed to obtain data on a topic of interest from the research subjects or respondents. (EBSCO HELP, 2017) This includes the following contents: Start with discussing the instrument you are using part by part and describe the contents of this instrument and what data can be extracted using it. State whether it is a researcher-made or adopted instrument. If adopted, make sure to mention the source from where you got it. Do not forget to discuss the validation procedures and the reliability of the instrument. Include the scale of measurement to be used for the research instrument. Example: Discussion of the instrument used by stating whether it is a researcher-made or adopted. If adopted, include the name of the author, the complete title of the questionnaire, the year it was published, and if it is modified by the researchers. This part must discusses the following processes: First Paragraph: Discusses the preliminary procedures done by the researchers before gathering the data. This indicates the preparation and distribution of intent letters to the different concerned authorities. Second Paragraph: Discusses the extracting of data using the instruments, researcher-made and/or the adopted to the target respondents. Enumeration of procedures from setting the respondents, distribution of materials, and up to the retrieval of instrument should be stated. Last Paragraph indicates the proper handling of data gathered from the respondents by keeping the data anonymous and/or confidential. Example: The initial stage of data gathering procedure is asking the permission to the authorities and participants concerning the study. This part indicates the process of data extraction. This part is the discussion of the proper handling of data after the respondents’ answered the questionnaires. Statistical Treatment This section determines the correct statistical tools to be used in the study, thus the research should ensure the fitness of the measuring instrument or statistical tool appropriate in diagnosing specific problems identified in the study. This section starts with an introductory that discusses the tool used to analyze the data gathered through the research instrument, then followed by the discussion of the following statistical tools and data analysis techniques that will be used to answer the research problems of you study. The title is written in sentence case, boldface and has no section. Each conclusion should be numbered and indented. Example: Introductory paragraph Statistical treatment used and its description, purpose, and statement of the problem from which it will answer. The formula and the function of its parts. Statistical treatment used and its description, purpose, and statement of the problem from which it will answer. The formula and the function of its parts. If you are doing a qualitative research, there should be a specific discussion for the Data Analysis in this chapter. One common example of this is called thematic analysis, it is a method of analyzing qualitative data. It is usually applied to a set of texts, such as interview transcripts. The researcher closely examines the data to identify common themes – topics, ideas and patterns of meaning that come up repeatedly (Caulfield, 2019). A thematic analysis is a good approach in which you’re trying to find out something about people’s views, opinions, knowledge, experiences or values from a set of qualitative data – for example, interview transcripts, social media profiles, or survey responses (Caulfield, 2019). Thematic analysis is a flexible method that can be adapted to the purposes of your research. There are various approaches to conducting thematic analysis, but the most common form follows a six-step process (Caulfield, 2019):  Familiarization  Coding  Generating themes  Reviewing themes  Defining and naming themes  Writing up Monzon had wept as a boy for his mother, but later on he had found out that she was only too thankful, worn out as she was with toil and child-bearing, for the company and assistance of these other women... This situation in the Monzon household is explained in a study by Mary Janet Amando in 2003, The Maternalism in Mistress-Maid Relations: The Philippine Experience. Amado expounds how the mistress (of the house, the wife) demonstrates her maternal instincts toward the maid (who later on becomes the Other Woman) by integrating her into the family and providing her financial support for her family.  References https://www.slideshare.net/mjlobetos/lesson-28-drawing-logical-conclusions-from- research-findings https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__kPIp-3n08 https://www.slideshare.net/RoquiMalijan/group-10-28367494 https://www.monash.edu/rlo/assignment-samples/engineering/eng-writing-technical- reports/conclusions-and-recommendations Jerusalem, V. Delos Reyes, A et al. (2017). Practical Research 2:Exploring Quantitative Research. Sampaloc Manila. Fastbooks Educational Supply, Inc. https://www.slideshare.net/kellyliam84/even-more-riddles