Interviewing & Counseling II, Exams of Psychology

Download Interviewing & Counseling II and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Interviewing & Counseling II Identify what is meant by counselling - The process of helping clients learn skills, deal with feelings and manage problems What is versatility? - Need for counsellor to develop a broad range of skills so they can adapt their approach to fit individual client uniqueness. Why is versatility important? - It enables counsellors to customize their approach, because there is no one size fits all approach to counselling what are the essential elements of a trauma-informed approach to counselling - 1. Trauma awareness 2. Emphasis on safety and trustworthiness 3. Opportunity for choice, collaboration and connection 4. Strength-based skill building Define the four skill clusters of counselling - 1.Relationship building skills 2.Exploring/Probing skills 3.Empowering skills 4.Challenging skills What are some relationship building skills? - Core conditions Congruence/genuineness Empathy Positive regard CBT-Cognitive Behavioural Therapy - helps clients deal with unhealthy thinking patterns Exposure therapy - Involves revisiting traumatic events until they are no longer trouble some. Use of groups - for support and sharing of coping skills EMDR- Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing - Specialized approach designed to help clients process traumatic memories. Subclusters of relationship building... - Promoting core conditions (congruence, empathy, positive regard) Active listening (attending, silence, paraphrasing, summarizing, questioning) Defining and sustaining the relationship (contracting, immediacy, relationship problem solving) Subclusters of exploring and probing - Active listening Other interviewing skills ( directives, simple encouragers, counselor self-disclosure, humor, open ended statements) sublusters of empowering - Building strengths (defining clients capacities and rights as well as problems and opportunities, identify resources, re-framing) Teaching (skills training, modelling, role playing, info giving,referring, answering questions) Supporting (reassuring, fostering optimism, reinforcing, advocating, providing direct aid, praising) What happens in the beginning phase? - develop rapport and trust, working contracts/agreements, provide safety, maintain engagement, non-judgmental environment -Establish working relationship -Interview for understanding -Evaluating What happens in the action phase? - continue to develop and strengthen working relationship, sometimes involves addressing communication barriers and resolving tension and conflict - client/counsellor -Action planning -Helping clients change behaviour, manage feelings, change perceptions -Revising contracts -Deepening relationships -Managing communication difficulties What happens in the ending phase? - - clients reach goals, discuss progress, highlight strengths -Closure of the helping relationship -Referring clients to other resources -Empowering clients with learned skills and strategies What is the importance of the core conditions of warmth, empathy, and genuineness in a counselling relationship - They are tools for engaging clients and developing trust. Increases the potential for change and positive relationships with clients What are counselling contracts? - A negotiated agreement between counsellors and clients with regard to purpose of work, roles, expectations, methods, routines used What are the different types of counselling contracts ? - Relationship contracts Anticipatory contracts Work contracts Relationship contracts - Outlines how you and client will work together Involves discussion communication style personal values and worldview/culture exploration of how differences might help/hinder counseling past experiences with counselling discussion of roles and expectations of both parties Anticipatory contracts - Enable counsellors to plan for predictable events Provide guidance for counsellor to answer "what should I do if.." Discuss in advance how conflict or tension should be dealt with/addressed How client would life feedback Guide flexibility of counsellor Work contracts - Specify intended goals of counselling Problems or concerns addressed Goals and objectives of intervention Actions client will undertake Tasks for counsellor to perform Expected duration Schedule - DTL of sessions Identification of other parties who may participate components of listening for understanding - hearing, observing, interpreting, responding What is countertransferance? - the positive or negative wishes, fantasies and feelings that a counsellor unconsciously direxts or transfers to a client from his or her own unresolved conflicts. What is transferance? - clients communicating with their counsellor the same way that they have communicated with significant people in their past. strategies for overcoming listening barriers - Being patient Encouraging trust Controlling noise and staying focused Controlling assumptions Managing personal reactions Listening doesn't mean agreeing Self-awareness What is the importance and skills of active listening - Developing working relationship Client sees counsellor values the information that they are sharing/feelings Educates counsellors on clients Active process that requires (hearing the content, emotional tone, context of what is being said) Not a passive act