Intro to Child Life Exam 1 Intro to Child Life Exam 1, Exams of Psychology

Download Intro to Child Life Exam 1 Intro to Child Life Exam 1 and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Intro to Child Life Exam 1 What is the APIE Process? - Assessment Plan Intervention Evaluation During assessment, what should a ccls ideally be doing? (three key things) - 1.) establishing a trusting relationship (building rapport) 2.) Gathering case information (from healthcare team, the family, and the child) 3.) observing the child and family in different situations After assessment? - After careful evaluation of healthcare variables, family variables and child variables contributing to stress, CCLS assigns stress potential to help plan intervention Stress Variable matching: -Anticipated treatment developmental age -availability of caretaker -physical responses to illness -support systems -Separation responses -Number of hospital staff Hospital staff personality -previous healthcare experience - Healthcare variables -anticipated treatment -physical responses to illness -number and hospital staff personality -previous healthcare Family variables -caretaker availability -outside support systems -responses to healthcare experiences Child variables -Separation responses -developmental age -response to current and previous healthcare experiences -ability to communicate and function Define Intervention Which of the following are interventions CCLS's use? a. procedural support b. medical play c. bereavement d. playroom activities e. stress potential assessment - Intervention: action taken to improve a stressful or painful situation all but choice E are used Evaluation - Gauging the extent to which the intervention was successful or not Planning for future action and documentation of intervention into objective terms to communicate child life goals to rest of healthcare team Who is a child life specialist? - child development experts who work to ensure that life remains as normal as possible for children in healthcare settings. Promote effective coping strategies through play and advocate for family-centered care. They work collaboratively with other hospital staff What aspect of hospitalization do child life specialist seek to address? - the psychosocial aspect of hospitalization What do child life specialists do? What services do they provide? - -non medically prepare children for medical procedures using developmentally appropriate language -Introduce coping strategies to reduce anxiety and stress effect -Provide support and distraction during procedures (if necessary) -Offer opportunities for play and expressive play -Supporting family-centered care through providing information, advocacy and familial support Who helped found the first healthcare play programs in the 1920's? - Emma Plank "the Play Lady" Who, when, and where the first child life programs established? - Emma Plank in Cleveland (1955) Mary Brooks in Philadelphia (early 1960's) Association for the Care of Children in hospitals - 1967 When was the child life council formed? What was its' purpose? - 1982. To establish more guidelines for professionalism and programming AAP Statement on Child Life Services - social stages of play (parten) - Unoccupied onlooker associative parallel activity solitary independent cooperative and organized Variables affecting play for hospitalized children - -Play environment -Parent contact -Length of hospitalization -Type of illness -Gender Onlooker play - When children watch other play. The child who is looking may ask questions but there's no effort to join Solitary independent play - When children start to play on their own. Children don't seem to notice other children sitting or playing nearby during this type of play. They use different toys parallel play - When children begin to play side by side with other children without any interaction. May be playing with similar things, but using materials in an independent manner Cooperative/organized play - children engaged in play in groups, all working towards a similar goal. share toys and follow the established rules Associative play - play in which two or more children actually interact with one another by sharing or borrowing toys or materials, although they do not work towards a similar goal, there's no set of rules unoccupied play - random movements that infants make with no clear purpose (beginning of play) Which of the following isn't a developmentally appropriate toy for infant physical development? -a. crib mobiles -b. rattles -c. teething rings -d. music box - d Which of the following are toys best recommended for toddlers? -a. riding toys -b. toy cars -c. shape sorters -d. push and pull toys - all are appropriate. These all help to teach cause and effect during this developmental stage toys for pre-schoolers - dress up clothes house related items dolls Toys for teens - Therapeutic recreation Focus on contact with peers Telephone (Texting, Instagram, SnapChat, etc.) Video (FaceTime, Skype, Google Talk, etc.) Examples Pizza parties Video games Movie night arts and crafts How can a child life specialist use play in a therapeutic means? - -can help meet child's developmental needs -can help children cope with unfamiliar hospital environment -can increase child's understanding of treatment -promotes sense of control, mastery and positive self-concept -facilitates self-expression -helps cope with separation Erikson's Psychosocial Developmental Theory What are the stages taken into account by child life specialists? Approximately which ages are associated with each? - Trust vs Mistrust (0-1) Autonomy vs shame and doubt (1-3) -Initiative vs Guilt (3-6) -Industry vs inferiority (6-12) -Identity vs role confusion (12-18) Trust vs mistrust What are some hospital interventions based on this stage for infants? - If needs are dependably and consistently met, infants develop a sense of basic trust -Warm and responsive care leads to trust -consistent waiting for care leads to distrust Interventions: -skin to skin contact in NICU -consistent response to cries -encouraging more parental involvement (swaddling or patting) Autonomy vs shame and doubt (1-3) - Children want to learn and want to be able to do things on their own without being shamed. They should be given the option to practice skills they've learned alone Hospital intervention: -letting children put on their own clothes and hospital clothes -interacting with simple medical equipment - Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6) - child finds independence in planning, playing and other activities -establishing cause and effect -like to assert control -Make believe lets children discover who they are Hospital intervention: -letting them make decisions when possible -letting them choose what to play with Industry vs inferiority (6-12) - -good societal responses lead to greater sense of self-worth -feelings of inadequacy can hurt self-esteem Hospital intervention: -ensuring that the child knows that they didn't do anything to deserve their diagnosis -offering emotional support during painful procedures identity vs. role confusion (12-18) - -try to establish a stable and lasting identity -self-chosen values -peers are essential Hospital interventions: -having teen lounges -group therapy (if needed) Even though children don't always have control over when they take medication, how can a child life specialist allow children to have control over the situation? - Because some medications require liquids to be consumed, a child life specialist can offer up different kinds of drinks or special cups Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development - development of information processing starting from sensory modalities towards goal of abstract thinking and solid understanding of world theorizes cognitive development occurs in stages, with specific goals that must be accomplished before the next stage -we don't regress Sensorimotor Characteristics of hospitalized school-aged children. What are their common fears? How to help? - Common fears: -loss in bodily function -loss of control -Pain -death Intervention -full and honest explanation and communication -allow child to ask questions -participate in procedure -encourage play and normalcy -self-expression What are some stressful events for school-aged children according to Bossert - -intrusive events like blood work and pills -Physical symptoms like pain and nausea -Therapeutic interventions: being woken up at night -Restricted activity: bed rest -separation -the hospital environment itself Characteristics of hospitalized adolescents? What are some of their common fears? How to help? - Common fears: -bodily changes and mutilation from treatment -loss of bodily function -Change in physical appearance -loss of control -loss of independence -Invasion of privacy Intervention: -in-depth medical explanation -Respect for privacy -offering choices -encourage and facilitate communication with friends and other peers -encourage engagement of "normal" activities -self expression activities What is separation anxiety? What are the three stages of separation anxiety? - The distress that most children develop, at about 6 - 8 months of age, when their primary care-givers temporarily leave Three stages: 1.) Protest: temper-tantrums, distress and screaming when parent leaves 2.) Despair: withdrawn and hopeless 3.) Detachment: when caregiver returns after long period of time, the child is unphased T/F: when a child is detached, they likely increase their attachment to material objects? - true After discharge, what negative psychological or behavioral responses are demonstrated by previously hospitalized children? Roughly what percent of children respond negatively? - about 25% 1 year post-discharge responses: -decreased self-esteem -increased anxiety -negative behavioral patterns (sleep disturbances) -Delusional memories and hallucinations -increased medical fears -psychological disorders What are some characteristics that define vulnerable children? - -young children -previously hospitalized children -Parent-child reactions -sensory impaired or neurologically comprised or developmentally delayed children (Autism, DS, etc) What are some characteristics that defined resilient children? - -have the ability to return rapidly to previous psychological or physiological state -positive psychosocial influencers such as training, modeling and encouragement Parent stress factors, list some How do they affect hospitalized children? - Parents often feel a sense of guilt and generalized anxiety Factors contributing to stress effects: -diagnosis -hospital environment -type of admission -length of stay -changes in child's behavior/routine Rank the following parental priorities in order from most pressing to least according to Bossart study -home responsibilities -work responsibilities -hospitalization of child -needs of siblings Considering this ordering, how can one alleviate parental stress? - 1.) hospitalized child 2.) needs of siblings 3.) work responsibilities 4.) home responsibilities Parents need information to aid in their ability to cope sibling effects -Who is most vulnerable emotionally? -common fears? -What percentage of siblings have a misconception/fear about getting the same disease? -Is it common that they are angry towards ill child or parent due to their decreased attention? - -siblings under the aged of 7 most vulnerable -common fear: will they die? -50% -common What are some things that moderate sibling reaction/coping abilities to a brother/sister's hospitalization? (6) - -age and developmental level -acuity and knowledge of the illness -changes in parent's interactions -changes in routine and substitute care arrangements -SES -Past experiences According to Meeting a child's psychosocial needs, what is the four most commonly cited factors that most identified parental satisfaction of emergency room visits? - -a clear explanation of child's diagnosis and treatment plans/course -allowing the parent to be with child at all times -rapid and adequate pain relief -staff attitude T/F: a resilient child has the ability to return rapidly to a previous psychological or physiological state - True In Hannah's gift, what were some stressors that Hannah and her family endured as a result of hospitalization? - -when Hannah was isolated -isolation from typical activities -loss of normalcy -Encountering many hospital staff -Maria's miscarriages -the diagnosis and treatments in general -Worrying about secondary conditions (missing school and work) -immobility