Introduction to Clinical Child Psychology - Public Health and Psychology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Public Health

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Introduction to Clinical Child Psychology Docsity.com What is Clinical Psychology? • The goal of psychology as a field is to “study and understand” behavior • Clinical Psychology is the Largest subdiscipline of psychology • “Clinical Psychology Is………….” Docsity.com Clinical Psychology – Our Training models • Scientist-Practitioner – most common • Practitioner • Practitioner-Scholar • Clinical Scientist – How we define ourselves • Practitioners (assessment & intervention) • Researchers • Teachers and supervisors • Program development and evaluation • Public policy work • Consultants (e.g., industry, government agencies) Docsity.com Clinical Psychology – What is required to be a “clinical psychologist” • Doctoral Degree (Ph.D., Psy.D.) – Clinical Psychology program • Licensure – Where we work • Hospitals, universities, private practice, mental health centers, managed healthcare organizations, schools, industries, legal systems, counseling centers, governmental agencies, veteran administration, military, etc. Docsity.com Differentiating Clinical Psychology • Psychiatry – Can prescribe medication – Medical school training emphasizing biology, chemistry, etc. – “When they are through with their training they take an oath. When we are through we get into an argument” -- Sandford Goldstone – Psychiatrists learn facts to treat patients, psychologists learn to think as researchers, evaluating and defending their views by citing data and using evidence Docsity.com Differentiating Clinical Psychology • Social Work – Roots in social service – Emphasizes the role of social factors in psychological distress (e.g., racism, poverty, etc.) – Variable roles: e.g., Help individuals acquire community services following traumatic brain injuries to performing therapy on drug-abusing mothers who have had their children removed – Masters level is acceptable (L.M.S.W –clinical) • Less emphasis on research – Doctoral level • Research, teaching, etc. – The distinction between SW and Clinical Psychology is also blurring . . . Docsity.com Differentiating Clinical Psychology • Other fields similar to clinical psychology: – Marriage, Family, & Child Counseling (MFCC) – Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) – Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor Docsity.com What is Clinical Child Psychology? • “a specialty that brings together the basic tenets of clinical psychology with a thorough background in child and family development. Clinical child psychologists conduct research and provide services aimed at understanding, preventing, and treating psychological, cognitive, emotional, developmental, behavioral, and family problems of children across the age range from infancy through adolescence.” • From the Petition for Recognition of a Specialty in Professional Psychology, submitted to APA, 1998 Docsity.com Types of Problems- Highly Varied • High risk children compromised by biological vulnerabilities and/or psychosocial adversity (e.g., preterm, medically ill, or drug-addicted newborns) • Serious emotional and developmental problems (e.g., schizophrenia, pervasive developmental disorder, autism, mental retardation) • Significant mental disorders as reflected in behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and/or developmental problems Docsity.com Types of Problems • Problems can be: – Biological – Emotional – Social – Behavioral – Developmental – Health-related – Academic – Family-based Docsity.com Types of Problems • High risk behaviors (e.g., delinquency, substance abuse/dependency, and sexual behaviors) • Coping with stressful life events (e.g., divorce, single- parenting, custody arrangements, or adjusting to remarriage and step-parenting; • Common childhood problems or parenting issues (e.g., tantrums, toilet training, sleep problems, or feeding problems in toddlerhood) • Cognitive deficits or uneven development Docsity.com Practice Settings - Varied • Private practices • School settings • Mental health clinics • Pediatric hospital settings • Physician offices • Community agencies • Advocacy organizations Docsity.com Procedures and Techniques • 4 core areas practiced by Clinical Child Psychologists: 1) Assessment • e.g., DSM-IV diagnoses, IQ, etc. 2) Intervention • e.g., home or school based therapy 3) Prevention • e.g., diabetes management, bullying 4) Consultation Docsity.com Assessment • Clinical child psychologists use: – Interviews (parent, child, teacher) – Historical data (e.g., school records; medical records) – Observations (e.g., school, home, clinic) • Naturalistic, Analogue – Formal, age-normed psychological tests – Behavioral and emotional rating scales – Personality assessment instruments Docsity.com Intervention • Treatment of children and families with a recognized problem or disorder • Treatments may include: – Behavior management in various settings – Cognitive-behavioral approaches geared to self-regulatory deficits (anger management), peer problems, and mood disorders – Play therapy for young children – Individual psychotherapy with older children and adolescents – Family therapy and family counseling Docsity.com Intervention  Treatments, continued:  Parent training and parent education programs;  Collaboration with pediatricians, child psychiatrists, neurologist, and/or other health care providers  In the provision of psychological interventions, there is a strong emphasis on research and the need for the development of empirically-validated treatments in the clinical child area. Docsity.com Prevention • Programs to prevent the onset of problems and disorders in infants, children, adolescents, and families. Including preventing: – Antisocial behavior and delinquency – Cognitive and language delay – Teenage pregnancy – Substance abuse – Emotional distress during pediatric hospitalization or medical procedures – Health promotion (weight, diabetes, etc.) – Unintentional injury and problems such as abuse and neglect Docsity.com Theoretical & Scientific Knowledge 2. Normal family processes as they relate to the child's development  The impact of family dynamics, normal family functioning, and childrearing practices on normal child development and on the development of problems. Docsity.com Theoretical & Scientific Knowledge 3. Child and adolescent psychopathology, including knowledge of:  Epidemiology of children's problems as a function of age, gender, and risk factors  Developmental issues related to the assessment and classification of child's problems  Classification of problems (e.g., DSM-IV)  Etiological models of child and adolescent psychopathology  Treatment options and treatment efficacy as they relate to specific childhood problems and children of different ages  Knowledge of family and other problems requiring treatment. Docsity.com Theoretical & Scientific Knowledge 4. Developmental psychopathology  Combines research and theory on normative developmental processes, the developmental course of disorders in children, and intergenerational transmission of maladaptive behavior patterns. Docsity.com Just a few research examples • The onset, developmental course, and outcome of behavioral, emotional, social, and cognitive dysfunctions in children • The family correlates of children's problems as they relate to potential etiological factors, including familial patterns of psychopathology and family environment • The development, standardization, and validation of assessment methods and measures • Descriptive psychopathology in infants, children, and adolescents and on the validity of diagnostic nomenclature Docsity.com Research examples • The development of effective treatments for childhood and family problems • Risk and protective factors in young children's development • Impact of normative, but stressful life events (e.g., divorce) and traumatic events (e.g., abuse, natural disasters, chronic illness) • Childrearing and family context (e.g., marital distress, parental psychopathology) and the development of problems in children and adolescents Docsity.com Research • Adherence to treatment in children with psychological and medical problems • Primary prevention of problems in early childhood (e.g, accident prevention, prevention of child abuse/neglect, and the prevention of antisocial behavior) • The impact of medical conditions on cognitive development. Docsity.com History of Clinical Child Psychology • After WWII, work with children declined because of the adult focus • However, in the past 20-25 years, child work has proliferated • 1985: Hilton Head Conference – Focused on the training of clinical child psychologists Docsity.com Hilton Head Conference The goals of this conference were: 1. Demand services for children  30% of population are children  15% of children need psych services 2. Increase providers of child psychological services  19,000 licensed psychologists  < 1% worked primarily with children Docsity.com Hilton Head Conference – Less than 500 trained clinical child psychologists – No specialty recognition for clinical child psychology – Many adult-trained psychologists worked primarily with children – Only 25% of graduate programs offered training in clinical child psychology – 30 formal programs in clinical child psychology in 1970s Docsity.com