Understanding Computers: A Comprehensive Guide (Chapter 1) - Prof. Barbara Guillott, Study notes of Computer Science

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Discovering Computers 2009 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers Chapter 1 Objectives Recognize the importance of computer literacy Recognize the importance of computer literacy Define the term, computerDefine the ter , co puter Identify the components of a computer Identify the components of a co puter Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using computers Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using co puters Recognize the purpose of a networkRecognize the purpose of a network Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web Discuss the uses of the Internet and orld ide eb Distinguish between system software and application software Distinguish between syste software and application software Describe the categories of computersDescribe the categories of co puters Identify the elements of an information system Identify the elements of an information system Describe the various types of computer users Describe the various types of computer users Discuss various computer applications in society Discuss various co puter applications in society Next What Is a Computer? What is the information processing cycle? p. 6 Fig. 1-2 Next  Input  Process  Output  Storage  Communication The Components of a Computer What is an input device? p. 7 Fig. 1-3  Hardware used to enter data and instructions Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Input Devices below Chapter 1 The Components of a Computer What is an output device? p. 7 - 8 Fig. 1-3  Hardware that conveys information to one or more people Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Output Devices below Chapter 1 The Components of a Computer What is storage? p. 8 Storage media Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored Storage edia Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored Storage device Records and retrieves items to and from storage media Storage device Records and retrieves items to and from storage media Next  Holds data, instructions, and information for future use The Components of a Computer What is a USB flash drive? p. 8 Next Portable storage device Small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket The average USB flash drive can hold about 2 billion characters Portable storage device S all and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket The average USB flash drive can hold about 2 billion characters The Components of a Computer What is a hard disk? p. 8 Fig. 1-4 Next  Provides greater storage capacity than a USB flash drive  Most are housed inside the system unit The Components of a Computer What is a communications device? Nextp. 9 Hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information Hardware co ponent that enables a co puter to send and receive data, instructions, and infor ation Occurs over cables, telephone lines, cellular radio networks, satellites, and other transmission media Occurs over cables, telephone lines, cellular radio networks, satellites, and other trans ission edia Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Communications Devices below Chapter 1 Storage Communications Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers p. 10 What are the advantages of using computers? Speed Reliability Next Consistency Impact on Labor Force Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers p. 10 - 11 What are the disadvantages of using computers? Next Violation of Privacy Health Risks Public Safety Impact on Environment Networks and the Internet What is the Internet? p. 12 Fig. 1-7 Next  Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Internet below Chapter 1 Networks and the Internet p. 12 - 13 Fig. 1-8 Why do users access the Internet? 2. Research and Information 3. Shopping 4. Banking and Investing 5. Classes 6. Entertainment Next 1. Communications 7. Download Music 8. Share Information Networks and the Internet What is the Web? p. 12 - 14 A Web site is a collection of related Web pages A eb site is a collection of related eb pages A Web page contains text, graphics, audio, video, and links to other Web pages A eb page contains text, graphics, audio, video, and links to other eb pages You can share information on a social networking Web site or a photo sharing community You can share information on a social networking eb site or a photo sharing community Next  Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet A blog consists of time- stamped articles in a journal format A blog consists of time- stamped articles in a journal format A podcast is recorded audio stored on a Web site that can be downloaded A podcast is recorded audio stored on a eb site that can be downloaded Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Sharing Videos below Chapter 1 Computer Software What is system software? p. 15-16 Operating System (OS) is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices perating Syste ( S) is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices Utility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs Utility Progra s allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs Next  Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Windows Vista below Chapter 1 Computer Software What is application software? p. 16 Fig. 1-11 Next Presentation Graphics Spreadsheet Database Word Processing  Programs designed to make users more productive Computer Software How do you install and run programs? p. 17 Fig. 1-12 Next Personal Computers What are the two most popular styles of personal computers? p. 19 - 20 Figs. 1-15–1-16 Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Personal Computers below Chapter 1  PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system  Apple Macintosh usually uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS X) Personal Computers What is a desktop computer? p. 19-20 Fig. 1-15 Next  Designed so all of the components fit entirely on or under a desk or table Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What is a notebook computer? p. 20 Fig. 1-17 Next  Portable, small enough to fit on your lap  Also called a laptop computer  Usually more expensive than a desktop computer with equal capabilities Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What is a handheld computer? p. 21 Fig. 1-19 Next Used by mobile employees such as meter readers and delivery people Small enough to fit in one hand Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)? p. 21 Fig. 1-20 Next  Provides personal organizer functions  Calendar  Appointment book  Address book  Calculator  Notepad Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What are smart phones? p. 22 Fig. 1-21 Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click iPhone below Chapter 1 Embedded Computers What is an embedded computer?  A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product p. 24 Fig. 1-26 Next Elements of an Information System What are information system elements? p. 25 Fig. 1-27 Next  Hardware  Software  Data  People  Procedures Examples of Computer Usage What software is available for a home user? p. 26 Fig. 1-28 Next  Personal finance management  Web access  Communications  Entertainment Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Women in Technology below Chapter 1 Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Minorities in Technology below Chapter 1 Examples of Computer Usage What are the needs of a power user? p. 29 Fig. 1-32 Next  Speed and large amounts of storage  Types of power users  Engineers  Scientists  Architects  Desktop publishers  Graphic artists Examples of Computer Usage What are the needs of the large business user? p. 30 Figs. 1-33 Next  Payroll  Inventory  E-commerce  Desktop publishing Computer Applications in Society What are some examples of computer applications in society? p. 32-36 Figs. 1-36–1-43 Next  Education  Finance  Government  Health Care  Science  Publishing  Travel  Manufacturing Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Handheld Navigation Devices below Chapter 1