Download Astronomy Review: Celestial Bodies and Their Properties, Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram - Pro and more Study notes Astronomy in PDF only on Docsity! Review for Final Aristotle - most associated with the ancient Greek world view Aristarchus - rejected the geocentric world view Eratosthenes - accurately determined the size of the Earth Ptolemy - Almagest Geocentric model of the Universe Heliocentric model Copernicus - Heliocentric world view Tycho Brahe - Last astronomer without a telescope. Provided Kepler with the data needed in order to develop his three Laws J. Kepler - Three Laws of Planetary Motion(know the Laws) Galileo - Used a telescope and challenged the conventional wisdom of the motion of objects And the nature of the heavens Telescope observations a) Phases of Venus b) Moons of Jupiter c) Sunspots d) Mountains on the Moon Newton - Three Laws of Motion and universal Law of Gravity(Know the Laws) Wave nature of Light Frequency * wavelength = velocity of light Light is one type of Electromagnetic wave Long wavelength to short - Radio, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma-ray Blackbody Wien's Law Stefan's Law Continuous spectrum Emission line spectrum Adsorption line spectrum Kirchhoff's Laws Doppler effect ____________ Earth Average Density: 5500kg/m3 Interior: Core - Hot(6000K) Iron Rich Highest Density Surface - Oceans and Continents Atmosphere - Nitrogen - 78% Oxygen - 21% Natural satellite - Moon Moon Density = 3300 Kg/m3 Unusual Motion - synchronous rotation. Interior - cool (relative to Earth's core) not iron rich. Crust thicker on far side thinner on Earth side Major geologic activity - impact cratering Main features of the surface of the Moon - Maria, Highlands Mercury Density = 5400 Kg/m3 Unusual motion - resonance rotation Interior - cool iron rich core Surface features: Caloris Basin - large impact crater Jumbled terrain - unusual formation on opposite side of the planet from Caloris Basin Intercrater plains - smoothed surface regions possibly from lava flow covering the craters in that region Scarps. - Huge cliffs thought to have form as the planet cooled and contracted. No atmosphere No Moons Venus Density = 5300 kg/m3 Unusual motion - retrograde rotation Surface - Specific features: 1. Maxwell Montes - largest mountain on Venus 2. Aphrodite Terra - largest highlands 3. Isthar Terra, Alpha Regio, Beta Regio - other highland regions 4. Beta regio has two Shield volcanoes Atmosphere Weather: Temperature: Constant cloud cover VERY HOT 730K Sulfuric acid clouds at 50 km Pressure: about 90 times Earth's Chemical Comp. - CO2 - 95.3% Nitrogen - 3.5% No Moons Mars 'Unusual' Motion - Period of a day is 24.6 hours (similar to Earth's) Tilt angle of rotation axis - 24.0 degrees (again similar to Earth's) This means Mars has seasons Density = 3900 kg/m3
