Distinctions Between Evolutionary Theory and Creationism - Prof. Gabriel Ording, Exams of Biology

Download Distinctions Between Evolutionary Theory and Creationism - Prof. Gabriel Ording and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity! pn>_ ISB 201 - Fall 2009 Test #2 Version B i 1. Which of the following is a major distinction between evolutionary theory and creationism? a. Creationists do not believe that there is slight variation in populations. Evolutionary biologists view the variety in populations as an essential component to allow for natural selection. b. Creationists do not believe in the existence of genetic material. Evolutionary biologists see genetics as being a crucial component to the process of biological change. (c^ Creationists believe that the earth is less than 10000 years old. Evolutionary biologists believe that the planet is over 4 billion years old. d. Creationists do not recognize the existence of fossils, whereas evolutionary biologists do. e. All creationists believe in God. No evolutionary biologist believes in any God 2. Which of the following are accurate with regards to evolutionary theory? Q) Evolution is the gradual change in the genetic makeup of a population over time. Js? All members of natural populations have the same reproductive success. j&r- Traits that are acquired through an organism's lifetime are passed on to its offspring. d. Organisms on higher trophic levels are more highly evolved. e. None of the above are accurate with regards to evolution. 3. What allows DNA to be replicated with such consistent accuracy? a. Stabilizing selection results in exact copies being produced. b. Natural selection is the process by which DNA is replicated perfectly. c. The fact that it is composed of four bases (A,T,C,G). @ The Rule ofCompiimenlarity, that A always pairs with a T and C with G. e. DNA is a double stranded molecule that ultimately codes for proteins. 4. Which of the following is true of DNA? a. It is passed from generation to generation through reproduction. b. It ultimately codes for structural, metabolic, and behavioral traits in organisms. c. It is responsible for an organism's range of tolerance for various abiotic environmental factors. d. It is not always replicated perfectly before being passed on to future generations. (^T) All of the above are true. 5. The meganose fly of South Africa is unusual in that it has the longest proboscis ("nose") of any known diptera on the planet. It has a specialized pollination relationship with a specific species of geranium with extremely long floral tubes. The long-term process by which each of these two species have become further adapted to maximize the efficiency of this symbiotic relationship is best described as a. Sexual selection b. Stabilizing selection c. Diversifying selection ^P Co-evolution e. Holoceonosis 6. The Monarch butterfly gains an adaptive advantage through it's bright orange coloration pattern as a result of a. This coloration causes would be predators to vomit uncontrollably Qx^ It acts as warning coloration advertising its poisonous properties c. It has a startling effect on would be predators d. It has evolved to mimic a distasteful / noxious species e. Its iridescent scales blind predators that attack from behind 7. The organism to the nghSBRMMNHt The organism to the left: is a bat- animal to the left at a zoo in a cage and there was no sign providing any information as to where on the planet it was from. Which of the following would you predict and why? 8. be bat-eared fox is typically found in areas of the planet with hot climates. Its ears and body have relatively large surface to volume ratio and this helps it to dissipate heat. b.The bat-eared fox is typically found in areas of the planet with hot climates. Its ears and body have relatively small surface to volume ratio and this helps it to dissipate heat. c. The bat-eared fox is typically found in areas of the planet with cold climates. Its ears and body have a relatively large surface to volume ratio and this helps it to maintain heat. d. The bat-eared fox is typically found in areas of the planet with cold climates. Its ears and body have relatively small surface to volume ratio and this helps it to maintain heat. e. The bat-eared fox is a marine mammal. Its ears are used as a mechanism to propel the fox through the water. Which of the following drives the Rainshadbw Effect (causes a Rainshadow to occur)? Winds blowing across a large body of water.a. b. c. e. A dry region downwind from a large mountain. A wet region on the windward side of a large mountain. Warm temperatures at low elevations causing the process of condensation. Cold temperatures at high elevations causing the process of condensation. 9. Which of the following is accurate with regards to the "phase shift" that is observed in the Rocky Mountain locust? a. The phase shift results in some changes in physical appearance and behavior that helps to promote mobility b. The phase shift results in some changes in physical appearance and behavior that increases food consumption. c. The phase shift is thought to be triggered by high densities of the organism. d. BandC (e>) AandC 10. Which of the following is true with regards to the concept of niches. a. In a rapidly changing environment it is a great benefit to have a narrow niche. A niche is the place where an organism lives. A niche is the general method by which an organism maintains a territory. IA species that is able to survive in a great range of environmental conditions and utilize a wide variety of food resources is said to have a wide niche. The giant panda feeds almost exclusively on various types of bamboo. This being the ease these organisms are said to have a very broad niche. 20. Which of the following is true with regards to the feet that giraffes, cheetahs., and ostriches each have a body style that is strikingly long and slender. a. These organisms are evohrtionarily very closely related. b. This is an example of convergent Evolution c. These organisms each have a surface to volume ratio that is beneficial for living in warm environmental conditions. BandC AandB 21. Which of the following pairs a biome with a characteristic of that biome that has directly resulted in its widespread destruction due to human activities? $) Grasslands have extremely thick fertile topsoil. b. Tropical rainforest has extremely thick fertile topsoil. c. Coniferous forests cover more landniass than any other biome. d. Deserts are greatly limited in the amount of moisture. &? Temperate deciduous forests have trees that loose their leaves. 22. Those factors that collectively prevent a population from achieving its biotic potential are referred to as Environmental resistance Antibiotic resistance Internal resistance Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors 1 F C D ** \ ** Time The three graphs above represent both the niches and the typical anticipated sequence of three different insects that are normally involved in the process of breaking down carrion (decomposing dead bodies). (F = Flies, C = Carrion Beetles, D = Dermestid Beetles). Answer the next two questions based upon the niches represented. 23. Which of the following is true based upon the graphs represented? Carrion Beetles and Dermestid Beetles have a great deal of niche overlap. Flies and Carrion Beetles have no niche overlap. c. Flies could be categorized as climax species in the stages of succession. d. Flies are more successful decomposers than are Dermestid Beetles. e. All of the above are true. 24. Which of the following combinations likely has the highest level of interspecific competition? a. Flies competing with Carrion Beetles b. Flies competing with Dermestid Beetles c. Flies competing with Flies (Q) Carrion Beetles competing with Dermestid Beetles e. None of the above 25. Flies belong to which insect order? Beetles belong to which insect order? a. Lepidoptera. Coleoptera. b. Lepidoptera. Diptera. (c?) Diptera. Coleoptera. d. Diptera. Lepidoptera. e. Diptera. Hymenoptera. 26. Which of the following are important ecosystem services provided by the insect order hymenoptera? a. Parasitic forms serve to control populations of other insects. b. Aeration of soils. c. Pollination. d. Aiding in the process of breaking down dead organic materials. All of the above are true of the hymenoptera, 27. Related to Causes Principle, which of the following is true of Character Displacement? a. It helps to reduce interspecific competition. b. It leads to local extinction of one of the two species. c. It can lead to a narrowing of the niche (specialization) of one of the two species involved. (<T) AandC e. A and B 28. Sickle cell anemia is a fetal genetic disease that occurs in high frequencies in people of African descent. Sickle cell anemia typically causes death in early childhood. If this is the case, why would such an apparently maladaptive genetic characteristic be maintained, and not eventually eliminated altogether? a. The mutation which results in sickle cell anemia occurs with extremely high regularity. There are environmental conditions that actually favor offspring carrying one copy of the trait in some places on the planet. Sickle cell anemia is most common in developing nations whose population age structure is composed heavily of young children. &f Nations heavily afflicted with this disease are given large amounts of financial aid from the United Nations. As a result, these nations promote the disease to keep that stream of income. Sickle cell anemia is extremely contagious and is a density independent factor impacting populations. 29. If all of the wolves were eradicated from Isle Royale which of the following would likely occur? ^3ef The carrying capacity of moose on the island would increase. ^rx) The level of environmental resistance impacting the moose population would decrease allowing the moose population to increase. c. hi the absence of intraspecific competition the population of coyotes could increase. d. A and C e. B and C 30. Which of the following is NOT true of the Rocky Mt. Locust? a. This organism belongs to the Order Orthoptera. Its metabolism and development are impacted by both temperature and moisture levels. It is an invasive non-native species to the US. Its population is impacted by density dependent factors. This insect exhibits a J-shaped growth curve. 31. The Adrenal Stress Syndrome was a phenomenon described as a result of research conducted OB lab rats. The symptoms of this syndrome included loss of parental instinct, increased aggression, heart disease, among others. The primary cause of these symptoms was /'aj The rats were living in extremely densely populated conditions. D. They were living under conditions with only barely enough food rations to stffvive. c. They were living under conditions with only barely enough water resources to survive. d. They were living under conditions with no individuals of the opposite sex e. None of the above. 32. Lichens have the ability to absorb necessary nutrients out of the atmosphere and can act to cleanse the air of anthropogenic pollutants. However, if they are in a region in which the level of pollutants exceeds their range of tolerance they die. In this way they are classic example of which of the following? Indicator Species Keystone species c. Pioneer species d. Serai stages e. Exotic Species 33. The graph below is the historic data representing the relative abundance of both Hare and Lynx across North America during the height of the fur trade. Based on this graph and ecological principles which of the following is an accurate statement? a. Point C represents the point at which the hare population is greatly reduced That portion of the population which is still present most likely possess the most highly adaptive genetic makeup for the current environmental conditions. Point C represents the point at which the hare population is greatly reduced. That portion of the population which is still present most likely possess the mostpoorfy adapted genetic makeup for the current environmental conditions. Assuming that the lynx rely primarily on the hare for food, the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics dictates that the population (or biomass) of hare must be greater than the population (or biomass) of lynx. BandC AandC 160 Thousands HARE 40 20 1845 1855 1865 1875 1885 1895 1905 1915 1925 1935 34. A group of scientists interested in social behavior in animals has identified what on the surface appears to be an extremely bizarre and perhaps even slightly disgusting behavior in Vampire Bats. In any given night after "foraging", Vampire bats that have been successful in obtaining a full meal frequently vomit up a portion of this meal and offer it to other bats in the cave that were not successful in obtaining a meal. Assume that this behavior is driven by Kin Selection and the Kinship Theory. Which of the following is likely NOT true. a. The bats with whom any bat would likely be willing to share are relatively closely related. b. The bats that participate in sharing blood meals share a significant amount of genetic material. c. This phenomenon would support the Seijisfa Gene Theory. d. The behavior of willingness to share is derived from a genetic trait. All of the above are in fact likely true.