Download Introduction to Spectroscopy - Advanced Analytical Chemistry - Lecture Slides and more Slides Analytical Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! What is Spectroscopy?
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iri
Us Analytical Spectroscopy’, as defined in this class,
Overs applications of Spectroscopy to chemical
analysis
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History of Analytical Spectroscopy
1666" ISaac Newton (England) shows that white light
Can be dispersed into constituent colors, and coins the
term “spectrum”
— Newton also produced the first “spectroscope” based on lenses,
a prism, and a screen
~ 1800: W. Herschel and J. W. Ritter show that infrared
(IR) and ultraviolet (UV) light are part of the spectrum
_ 1874; Joseph Fraunhofer noticed that the sun’s
spectrum contains a number of dark lines, developed
the diffraction grating
_ 1859: G. Kirchoff obtains spectra of the elements,
explains the sun’s spectrum
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10-5 nm.
104 nm
10-3 nm
102 nm
104 am
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10 nm
100 nm
103 nm = 1 wm
10 um
100 um
1000 jm = 1 mm
10mm = lem
10cm
100 cm=1m
10m
100m
1000 m= 1 km
10 km
100 km
400 nm
Ultraviolet
radiation
radiation
Microwaves
Radio waves
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
THE EL MAGNETIC SPECTRUM
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Modern life (not just analytical spectroscopy) revolves
around the EM spectrum!
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and atoms (Whose size is near to the wavelength of
the radiation)
; 1
Scattering ms
applies to large particles, involves
scattering in different directions.
— Practical use in particle size analysis
Polarization
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! ! ! "# $ % & ' ( ) *( ! docsity.com = involves energy transfer of EM radiation to a
substance, usually at specific frequencies
corresponding to natural atomic or molecular energies
Higher energy >
Absorption Emission i AE = hv
Lower energy
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/eopecterare Usually plotted as frequency vs. amplitude
= Instead of frequency, wavelength or energy can also
be used
= The choice of x- and y-axes is often dependent on the
particular technique, its history, etc...
= Ih most techniques, a key parameter is the
frequency/energy/wavelength resolution
_ Specirometers: instruments that measure the interaction
of radiation with matter, so the properties of such
interactions can be studied
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= UV-Visible spectroscopy
= Fluorescence spectroscopy
— IR spectroscopy
— Raman spectroscopy
— X-ray spectroscopy
— NMR spectroscopy
— EPR spectroscopy
