ISA Utility Specialist (Chapters 1-7) Latest Exam 2024. Guaranteed Success. Attained Grade, Exams of Nursing

Download ISA Utility Specialist (Chapters 1-7) Latest Exam 2024. Guaranteed Success. Attained Grade and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 1 [Date] ISA Utility Specialist (Chapters 1-7) Latest Exam 2024. Guaranteed Success. Attained Grade A+> . In the U.S., enforcement of safety work rules resides with: - Correct answer Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) Utility pruning is the pruning of trees located in the vicinity of power lines for the purpose of __________ __________ __________. - Correct answer ensuring reliable service A comprehensive vegetation management program should be __________ rather than reactive, & based on principals of __________ vegetation management. - Correct answer proactive; integrated What is a volt? - Correct answer a unit of electrical force Major storms or __________ weather events are the usual cause of power outages over large areas. - Correct answer catastrophic Without __________, messages can have multiple meanings. - Correct answer context ISA BMPs provide a practical guide for implementing __________ __________. - Correct answer industry standards Electrical resistance determines how much __________ is required to move electricity along a conductor and is measured in __________. - Correct answer energy; ohms 2 [Date] When communicating, a person's experience & __________ will influence how the person reacts. - Correct answer perceptions Crew mobilization for a storm event is much more rapid from a __________ status. - Correct answer standby NERC standards are specific to what line voltages? - Correct answer 200 kV & above An important first step in any vegetation management program should be to asses system conditions, which is often done through an __________. - Correct answer inventory Which type of cuts are less unacceptable? - Correct answer internodal cuts (e.g. topping) A worker neglecting to wear cut-resistant chaps while operating a chainsaw is committing an unsafe __________, while an employer failing to provide chaps is creating an unsafe __________. - Correct answer act; condition A conductor carrying more than __________ volts would be considered a NERC line. - Correct answer 200,000 Communication is both verbal & nonverbal. When a customer is confronted with contradictory information, the person will usually believe the __________ message. - Correct answer nonverbal Voluntary safety standards for pruning, trimming, repairing, maintaining & removing trees, & cutting brush: - Correct answer ANSI Z133 5 [Date] indirect contact A grid-based scheduling system is most likely to be used by highly __________ utilities. - Correct answer urbanized Why is utility pruning done? - Correct answer to maintain safety and rights-of-way Reactive maintenance is often called __________. - Correct answer hotspotting True or False? Guy wires are intended to help support poles but may become unintentionally energized. - Correct answer true One of the highest personal risks in a storm is __________. - Correct answer fatigue When trying to negotiate mutually agreeable solutions & gain commitment based on customer interests, the focus should be on __________, no on specific individuals. - Correct answer issues A __________ is similar to a fuse or cutout, but it resets after a predetermined time period. - Correct answer re-closer Always consider that all lines are __________. - Correct answer energized Tree replacement programs are an important aspect of many utility customer relations programs & focus on selecting: - Correct answer the right tree for the right place If a structurally weak tree were on or close to the utility right-of-way, __________ __________ & __________ would be considered targets. - Correct answer utility lines & equipment 6 [Date] A challenge with grid-based scheduling is that circuits may traverse many grids, allowing for a variety of __________ __________. - Correct answer tree conditions The difference in voltage between two objects someone simultaneously touches: - Correct answer touch potential Which type of pruning encourages the growth of branches away from the wires? - Correct answer directional pruning Minimum working distances for qualified line-clearance arborists are specified in the __________ safety standard. - Correct answer ANSI Z133 The sound of a running home generator should alert crews to the possibility of __________. - Correct answer backfeed Measuring customer satisfaction by the number of __________ received is a very reactive approach to customer relations. - Correct answer complaints Ideally, TGRs should be applied when a tree is actively growing & __________- __________ months before pruning takes place. - Correct answer 2-3 What is the maximum amount of foliage that should be removed in one growing season? - Correct answer 25% (this is according to ANSI A300) The most expensive way to schedule work is: - Correct answer hotspotting __________ __________ is the difference in voltage on the ground between two of a person's body parts near where electricity goes into the ground. - Correct answer step potential 7 [Date] A energized human body, tree, or climbing rope are all examples or __________ contact - Correct answer indirect A contractor is paid for each tree pruned or removed when contracted using a __________ __________ contract. - Correct answer unit price When is it acceptable to deviate from the pruning standards? - Correct answer during storm restoration Besides pruning, __________ & __________ treatments are often part of an integrated vegetation management program. - Correct answer mechanical & herbicide When installing underground conductors, __________ should be used in tree root protection zones. - Correct answer tunneling Crew members should always refer customer relations questions about the status of power restoration to: - Correct answer the utility The __________ has been adopted by most states & regulatory bodies throughout the U.S. as the recognized document providing safety provisions for those working with or near electric supply equipment. - Correct answer NESC (National Electrical Safety Code) Customer relations are important during a storm response, but are necessarily a lower priority than: - Correct answer safety & power restoration Because most electrical lines are located on private property, utilities typically secure __________ to facilitate maintenance of their lines. - Correct answer easements The safety acronym S.T.A.R. is valuable for preventing errors, & stands for: - Correct answer Stop, Think, Act, Review 10 [Date] __________ are documents that describe, instruct, & direct work results. - Correct answer specifications Mobilizing crews for herbicide work is easiest when they utilize __________ __________. - Correct answer backpack sprayers Utility pruning removes the leaves and reduces a tree's __________ growth, but remaining __________ may grow more. - Correct answer overall; shoots The term accident is in disfavor because it implies that outcomes are due to __________ __________, & is better referred to as an __________. - Correct answer bad luck; incident The three most common events for fatal incidents associated with tree work are: - Correct answer contact with objects/equipment (e.g. falling limbs), falls, & exposure to unsafe environment/substance (e.g. electric shock) Research has shown that trees are more likely to cause outages on __________-phase lines than on __________-phase lines. - Correct answer three; single Utility pruning is mainly conducted to provide __________ from power lines. - Correct answer clearance Preventing vegetation-caused outages receives highest priority on __________ __________. - Correct answer transmission circuits 11 [Date] The minimum approach distance for non-qualified line clearance personnel from energized conductors 50 kV and less: - Correct answer 10 feet A revision of the ANSI Z133 standard intended to be the standard reference for those engaged in tree care work: - Correct answer ANSI Z133.1-2000 An easement agreement typically gives a utility a __________ __________ & __________ on the property owned by another party. - Correct answer defined interest & use The condition that allows electricity to flow from one object to another is called: - Correct answer potential When significant work such as removals or herbicide use is to take place, __________ __________ is necessary. - Correct answer written authorization The time when crews return to normal working hours after being on-call or on 24-7 status: - Correct answer stand down A results-based strategy designed to target trees as close as possible to the time that they interfere with facilities is known as __________-__________-__________ management. - Correct answer just-in-time What does the "I" stand for in IVM - Correct answer Integrated Which clause of the Occupational Safety & Health Act requires that employers to provide their employees with working conditions that are free of known dangers? - Correct answer General Duty clause Utility pruning should use __________ & __________ pruning principals - Correct answer natural & targeted 12 [Date] Each worker is responsible for their own __________. - Correct answer safety For arboricultural operations in the U.S., the most important standard to follow when implementing a safety program is: - Correct answer ANSI Z133 A __________ __________ structure is a prioritized outline of job components that must be completed for a successful project outcome. - Correct answer work breakdown Crown reduction removes main branches to lower limbs no less than __________ the diameter of the original limb. - Correct answer 1/3 What brush factor best determines low volume foliar versus high volume foliar application appropriateness & selection? - Correct answer density What is a Watt? - Correct answer a measure of electrical power A tool used to determine the severity & likelihood of a risk: - Correct answer 5 x 5 Matrix When you are communicating with a customer & are using "Active Listening", you show signs of __________, restate the customer's message to __________ __________, & temporarily suspend your __________. - Correct answer attention; check meaning; response A phase-to-phase fault occurs when there is contact between: - Correct answer two or more energized conductors When you're using the "Hard Bargaining" negotiation principle, you make __________, __________ concessions. - Correct answer small, incremental 15 [Date] __________ __________ __________ can be used to reduce growth and lengthen time between cycles. - Correct answer tree growth regulators Ohm's Law describes the relationship between: - Correct answer voltage, current, & resistance __________ __________ contracts are gaining popularity because the responsibility for productivity, work planning, & scheduling rests with the contractor. - Correct answer unit price Utilities will experience resistance to the performance of vegetation management work on a customer's property. This resistance is typically referred to as: - Correct answer an easement dispute Personnel from external organizations who travel to a storm area are generally paid the higher of either their __________ __________ rates or the established __________ __________ rates. - Correct answer home pay; local pay Manual methods for vegetation control will be done with... - Correct answer hand-used tools Which pruning style is most effective in preventing regrowth when pruning hardwoods? - Correct answer crown reduction The __________ __________ is an illustration of Heinrich's principles of accident prevention. - Correct answer accident pyramid Effective public relations programs include timely communication of: - Correct answer Industry BMPs 16 [Date] In the U.S., the National Hurricane Center track forecast cone is intended to predict the track of a storm with an accuracy rate of _____ percent. - Correct answer 67% Formula for Ohm's Law: - Correct answer Volts = Amps x Resistance (V = I x R) What is required for the correct herbicide selection for use in water? - Correct answer an aquatic label True or False? Wound dressings in most situations are effective in reducing decay, accelerating wound closure & preventing disease penetration. - Correct answer false wound dressings are not effective in most situations Depreciation can be either __________-__________, in which costs are spread out over a lifetime of an item, or __________, in which the amount of depreciation taken is higher immediately after the purchase of an item. - Correct answer straight-line; accelerated When is it okay to use wound dressings? - Correct answer when such treatments are known to be effective (e.g. pruning oaks when/where they are susceptible to oak wilt) Sprout growth following pruning usually comes from __________ __________. - Correct answer adventitious buds These days, __________ __________ require more IVM efforts, focus & successful approaches. - Correct answer transmission ROWs Exchange of information that achieves desired results: - Correct answer successful communication 17 [Date] McClenahan described unsafe act & close calls as a safety program's __________ __________, & serious injuries or fatalities as __________ __________. - Correct answer leading indicators (bottom of safety pyramid); lagging indicators (top of safety pyramid) Removal of __________ following a storm is typically the responsibility of the customer. - Correct answer brush True or False? All of the following are approaches to work planning: - Cycle-based - Results-based - Crisis management - Correct answer true Formula for power: - Correct answer Power = Volts x Current (P = V x I) Internal & external __________ is key to a successful IVM program. - Correct answer communication Clearance for decurrent hardwoods growing directly under conductors is best obtained by __________ __________. - Correct answer crown reduction SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool & an acronym, meaning: - Correct answer Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats The theory that considers workplace injuries to be caused by /a/ number of contributing factors, rather than /the/ number of contributing factors: - Correct answer multiple causation theory 20 [Date] With respect to personnel management, what is the most common reason that people leave jobs? - Correct answer treatment from supervisors Heavy, wet snows have a snow-to-water equivalent that is: - Correct answer 10:1 or less Voltage Ranges: Extra-high transmission lines: __________-__________ volts Transmission lines: __________-__________ volts Subtransmission lines: __________-__________ volts Distribution lines: __________-__________ volts - Correct answer 345,000-765,000 volts 115,000-230,000 volts 23,000-115,000 volts 2,400-23,000 volts What height is considered to be the approximate death threshold? - Correct answer 40 ft a single- or multiple-blade arrangement that rotates horizontally & cuts or shreds vegetation - Correct answer rotary cutting head A method of negotiation whereby one party takes a position and will not give way on part of it even if this action disadvantages the other party: - Correct answer hard bargaining On the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale, a storm must be at least which category to be considered major? - Correct answer 3 Death from electric shock is known as: - Correct answer electrocution 21 [Date] Type of preventative maintenance that uses field data to diagnose & monitor a condition or system. - Correct answer predictive maintenance (aka on-condition maintenance) The voltage between the feet of a person standing near an energized, grounded object: - Correct answer step-potential A method of applying herbicides or TGRs to trees through the soil by excavating a shallow trench in the soil around the base of the trunk & pouring the compound into the trench - Correct answer soil drench A method of negotiation in which one party concedes to many positions, even to their own disadvantage, on order to accommodate the other party: - Correct answer soft bargaining Soil removed during trenching should be stored where? - Correct answer on the side of the trench that is away from the tree Contact with only __________ milliamps can make a person unable to release their grip. __________ milliamps can cause respiratory paralysis. __________ milliamps can cause ventricular fibrillation, leading to death. - Correct answer 16; 20; 100 Governments sometimes mandate clearance distances, maintenance intervals, inspection intervals, or require available resources to be focused on: - Correct answer the worst-performing circuits (in terms of VM) 22 [Date] A standardized method for improving the overall effectiveness of emergency response is known as the __________ command system. - Correct answer incident Vegetation that has recently been mowed & before regrowth - Correct answer cut stubble A process of negotiation whereby both parties concede some ground to reach a mutually acceptable solution: - Correct answer interest-based negotiation __________ amps may cause cardiac arrest & organ damage, & __________- __________ amps will likely kill outright. High voltage contact usually kills outright regardless of amperage. - Correct answer 2; 15-20 Utility pruning should be performed at intervals that minimize the need for __________ responses, but not so frequently that costs exceed benefits. - Correct answer reactive Circuits that carry the highest voltage to other parts of the distribution network are called: - Correct answer primary circuits Advantages of providing temporary accommodations for a large-scale disaster response: - Correct answer - Oversight - Economies of scale - Communication A method of applying herbicides or TGRs to trees through the soil via injection directly into the root zone - Correct answer soil injection The voluntary standards adopted by most states & public utility commissions as a practical means of safeguarding persons during the installation, operation, or 25 [Date] The potential between live conductors or between live & nuetral conductors is known as __________-to-__________ potential. - Correct answer phase-to-phase A method to minimize tree-caused outage by conducting a detailed analysis of the system, vegetation conditions, outage history, infrastructure, etc. & identifying a range of preventable maintenance that have the potential to provide greater reliability & cost efficiency than just pruning/removing vegetation - Correct answer reliability-centered management (RCM) __________ line clearance applies when an electric hazard exists but work is not being done for the utility. __________ line clearance applies to being in proximity to electric hazards on behalf of the utility. - Correct answer incidental; qualified The rights that provide the utility the privilege of installing & maintaining its facilities in public roadways: - Correct answer franchise rights Completing all necessary line clearance on a feeder or circuit basis: - Correct answer circuit work Disaster Management Cycle: - Correct answer Planning>Response>Recovery/Lessons Learned>Mitigation>process starts over What is a phase? - Correct answer an energized wire The most commonly used Tree growth regulators (TGRs) work by inhibiting the production of __________. - Correct answer gibberellin 26 [Date] An individual who is familiar with the equipment & hazards in line clearance & has demonstrated the ability to perform the techniques involved: - Correct answer qualified line-clearance arborist The length of a branch or trunk to be considered when evaluating the combination of forces that could lead to failure: - Correct answer lever arm Most utilities list __________ __________ as a reason for maintaining vegetation, but customers often underestimate the risk. - Correct answer public safety Protective equipment is designed to shield the system from: - Correct answer faults, short circuits, & current surges A concept in project management that shows the interrelation of the resources of time, cost, & scope; often depicted by the constraint triangle: - Correct answer triple constraint __________ transmits laser pulses toward a target, records the time it takes to return to sensors, & translates the results into a virtual image of the right-of-way; it stands for: - Correct answer LiDAR; Light Detection and Ranging A large area of low atmospheric pressure, characterized by inward-spiraling winds: - Correct answer cyclone What is the first thing to do when you find a tree or tree part on the line? - Correct answer contact the utility control center People with an interest or concern in an organization & its decisions are known as: - Correct answer stakeholders 27 [Date] The effect that causes cyclones to rotate clockwise in the Southern hemisphere & counterclockwise in the Northern hemisphere: - Correct answer Coriolis force Project management stratification of the entire scope of work need to accomplish a project's objectives: - Correct answer work breakdown structure The potential between live conductors & the ground is known as __________-to- __________ potential. - Correct answer phase-to-ground __________ __________ is the management of vegetation by establishing & conserving compatible, stable plant communities using natural competition, animals, insects, or pathogens. - Correct answer biological control If you find a tree leaning on a line, stay at least __________ ft away. - Correct answer 35 Because of high turnover among contractors who perform VM, safety & basic job skill training tends to have a higher priority than __________ training. - Correct answer communications In project management, the longest period of time a series of tasks requires from project beginning to end: - Correct answer critical path __________ __________ are designed to redirect electrical surges to the ground instead of allowing them to continue down the circuit. - Correct answer lightning arrestors Mixing of chemicals should be done with a buffer of at least __________ ft from a body of water or wetland. - Correct answer 100 ft 30 [Date] Some customers may not voice their displeasure about VM directly with the utility, but instead voice their opinion on social media, leading the utility to __________ customer dissatisfaction. - Correct answer underestimate Circuits that feed electricity to other parts of the distribution network are called: - Correct answer feeder circuits Method for reducing the height of a tree - Correct answer drop-crotch cuts Which type of dependency is developed my managers to meet a specific objective? - Correct answer discretionary dependency Vegetation that is desirable or consistent with the intended use of the site is considered __________. Vegetation that is NOT consistent with the intended use of the site is considered __________. - Correct answer compatible; incompatible __________ __________ are often released to media outlets to provide specific information that the utility wants to make public. - Correct answer press releases Cyclonic-scale storms that aren't tropical cyclones are called: - Correct answer extratropical cyclones Amps in a conductor that are larger than those for which it is rated: - Correct answer overcurrent Which type of dependency is a relationship between a task under the direction of a project management team & an action outside of their control? - Correct answer external dependency 31 [Date] Level _____ assessments, while sometimes required to further evaluate defects not detected by Level 2 assessments, are impractical in most utility settings; aka advanced assessments - Correct answer 3 Cutting back a tree to buds, stubs, or laterals not large enough to assume apical dominance; also known as rounding over, heading, or heading back (a bad practice) - Correct answer topping What communication method is most effective for engaging with customers in real time about utility emergencies? - Correct answer social media A local storm produced by a cumulonimbus cloud & accompanied by lightning & thunder: - Correct answer thunderstorm A wire connection between energized conductors & other electrical equipment (e.g. transformers): - Correct answer tap __________ __________ are scheduling tools that provide a visual means of tracking a project. - Correct answer Gantt charts The maximum incompatible plant pressure (species, density, etc.) allowable before unacceptable consequences develop: - Correct answer tolerance level The process by which personnel become indifferent or disconnected from customers & their concerns: - Correct answer desensitization A complex of thunderstorms that travels more than 240 miles, with wind speeds greater than 58 mph: - Correct answer derecho In electric generation, the number of magnet revolutions per second: - Correct answer Hertz 32 [Date] Expenditures that do not generate income: - Correct answer cost center *Tree Age:* - Young = _____% of life expectancy - Mature = _____-_____% of life expectancy - Overmature = _____% of life expectancy - Correct answer <20%; 20-80%; >80% Specialty pruning technique used on large, maturing trees that results in the development of callus at the cuts; used to maintain trees at a specific height - Correct answer pollarding To be __________ is to be understanding, aware of, & sensitive to the feelings, thoughts, & experiences of others. - Correct answer empathetic Expenditures that generate revenue: - Correct answer profit center Repeated momentary interruptions in the same place due to the same cause: - Correct answer intermittent faults For clearing dense vegetation during initial establishment or reclaiming neglected or overgrown rights-of-way, __________ control methods are most efficient & cost effective. - Correct answer mechanical Six-level numerical, damage-based classification of estimated wind speeds, usually applied to tornadoes: - Correct answer Enhanced Fujita Scale 35 [Date] The area where a branch joins another branch or the trunk: - Correct answer branch collar Pre-arranged cooperation between utilities to ensure a certain level of response is available in the event of emergencies: - Correct answer mutual assistance program In response to the 2003 blackout, NERC developed a standard that requires North American utilities to have systematic programs that effectively prevent outages on the bulk transmission system. This standard is called: - Correct answer FAC-003 __________ & __________ contracts are based on hourly rates for labor & equipment, & payment is for time worked. - Correct answer time & material The tree protection zone for a mature tree with a moderate tolerance to disturbance should be __________ ft per inch of DBH. - Correct answer 1 ft The increased growth of remaining unpruned shoots after pruning - Correct answer shoot invigoration An energized conductor or wire in a circuit is called a __________. - Correct answer phase (identified as ∅) __________-__________ contracts are time & material contracts modified to promote productivity & work quality. - Correct answer performance-based The area of a pipeline right-of-way above the pipe & extending both ways to a specified distance: - Correct answer pipe zone 36 [Date] Storm response requiring movement of crews from outside the immediate vicinity is called __________-__________ response. Storm response that doesn't require this is called __________-__________ response. - Correct answer large-scale; small-scale Secondary or subordinate branches - Correct answer laterals The value which if exceeded could expose a widespread area to instability or cascading outages: - Correct answer interconnection reliability operating limit (IROL) Type of contract where vendors submit a single price for a set amount of work: - Correct answer lump-sum contract (aka fixed-price contract) An example of a cultural control technique in a right-of-way is: - Correct answer planting food crops Method of reducing the height or spread of a tree by performing appropriate pruning cuts - Correct answer crown reduction The most common VM rule adopted by states in the U.S. is the: - Correct answer National Electrical Safety Code (NESC) __________ departments are responsible for securing contracts. - Correct answer procurement An accounting of all vegetation that could potentially affect management objectives: - Correct answer comprehensive evaluation 37 [Date] Proclamation by a government that releases resources (e.g. funds, personnel) in response to a disaster: - Correct answer disaster declaration Pruning of branches that promotes growth away from conductors - Correct answer side pruning Increasingly, utilities & contractors are using GPS-based fleet tracking, also called: - Correct answer vehicle monitoring systems (VMSs) Of the three tree & electrical system characteristics that influence the likelihood of a tree-related interruption, which is the most important? - Correct answer voltage gradient A biological control used to provide a competitive advantage to short-growing, early successional plants is known as: - Correct answer cover-type conversion The removal of branches from the middle of the crown of a tree to provide clearance, which results in a V shape in the crown - Correct answer V-pruning Urban-Wildland Interface Code: - Prevents planting of trees that can grow within _____ ft of any energized conductors - Requires __________ plan to select tree planting locations - Requires utilities to achieve "maximum" amount of clearance at the __________ __________ __________, & never allow vegetation to grow within _____ in of distribution lines - Requires utilities to clear vegetation around certain poles as directed by local __________ authorities - Authorizes __________ to determine the severity of conflicts between trees and power lines - Correct answer 10 ft; landscaping; time of work; 40 [Date] neutral The section of a utility transmission right-of-way under the wires & extending out both side to a specified distance is called the: - Correct answer wire zone An __________ is land over which the utility has a __________-__________- __________ to maintain clearance. - Correct answer easement; right-of-way Rights that guarantee an employee the right to Union representation during an investigatory interview: - Correct answer Weingarten Rights The region where transmission lines interconnect; the interconnection allows utilities to transfer electricity both within their system & among one another: - Correct answer transmission interconnect A control method that modifies habitat to encourage compatible vegetation & discourage incompatible vegetation: - Correct answer cultural control method The planned __________ __________ is the time between scheduled pruning operations. - Correct answer maintenance interval The stationary part of an electric generator that contains field windings: - Correct answer stator Level _____ assessments are detailed, 360-degree ground-based visual inspection of the above-ground portion of a tree & its site (tools include binoculars, magnifying glass, probe, shovel, etc.); aka basic assessments - Correct answer 2 41 [Date] When it has little or no likelihood of failure or impact to utility facilities, maintenance of the portion of the tree that is outside of the utility easement is the responsibility of the __________ __________. - Correct answer tree owner Two indicators used to quantify reliability are SAIFI & SAIDI, which measure the __________ & __________ of interruptions experienced by the average customer over a given time. - Correct answer frequency & duration Which step of an integrated VM plan should be completed first? - Correct answer setting objectives Trees react to structural defects with __________ __________, which compensates for structural weakness. - Correct answer response growth The most common cause of tree-related service interruptions is: - Correct answer mechanical tear down failure Systematic process used to identify, analyze, & evaluate tree risk: - Correct answer tree risk assessment Trees or branches that fall from outside utility easement have a __________ impact on service reliability than trees growing into & contacting power lines. - Correct answer greater The main requirements of FAC-003 are that vegetation is to be managed to keep it from growing inside __________ distance, maintenance to be __________, control centers to be notified of __________ __________, corrective actions must be taken against __________ __________, vegetation inspected __________, & annual completion of __________. - Correct answer flashover; documented; imminent threats; 42 [Date] work constraints; annually; work Six steps of IVM: - Correct answer - Set objectives - Evaluate the site - Define action thresholds - Evaluate & select control methods - Implement control methods - Monitor treatment & quality assurance __________ uses reduction cuts to reduce branch length relative to other similar branches. - Correct answer subordination An electric facility that is used to route power through various circuits (it does not change voltage): - Correct answer switchyard Minimum vegetation clearance distance (MVCD) is the calculated distance between conductors & vegetation to prevent __________-__________, for various __________ & __________, that is used to design __________ facilities. - Correct answer spark- over; altitudes & voltages; transmission Trees that have been rounded over or topped in the past but later converted to directional pruning may have extensive __________ growth on decayed stubs. - Correct answer epicormic The distance inside of which vegetation cannot encroach: - Correct answer MVCD The target of IVM is: - Correct answer incompatible plants 45 [Date] An example of the laws intended to prevent fires caused by trees contacting wires is the: - Correct answer Urban-Wildland Interface Code True or False? The NERC Transmission VM Program requires utilities to have documented VM programs in place. - Correct answer true The population of trees that could now or in the future interfere with the operation of utility facilities: - Correct answer utility forest A __________ __________ is electrical potential over a specified distance. - Correct answer voltage gradient The wire-border zone philosophy is applied through __________-__________ conversion. - Correct answer cover-type Hedges are often maintained by periodic __________. - Correct answer shearing System that automatically collects data & enables remote control switching operations: - Correct answer supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) What are the three primary climatic factors that influence herbicide & TGR degradation? - Correct answer moisture, temperature, & sunlight A __________ __________ cut removes the smaller of two branches at a union. A __________ cut removes the larger of the two branches. - Correct answer branch removal; reduction 46 [Date] The sum of inductive resistance & capacitive resistance: - Correct answer impedance Low-volume foliar broadcast treatments put out _____-_____ gal/ac of herbicide solution. - Correct answer 5-25 A __________ cut removes a branch either between nodes, or to a smaller lateral branch. - Correct answer heading Electricity is usually generated at distribution voltage, typically between _____-_____ kV - Correct answer 7.5-13.8 kV Which part of the body most readily absorbs pesticides? - Correct answer eyes Shoot arising from a dormant bud or from newly-formed adventitious tissue: - Correct answer epicormic shoots The utility system's __________ allows the efficient transmission of electricity to areas of greatest need at a particular moment, which also makes the system more susceptible to __________. - Correct answer interactivity; blackouts __________ __________-__________ is a technique in which non-translocatable herbicides are applied to control specific branches growing toward utility facilities. - Correct answer chemical side-pruning Pruning practice in which an excessive number of interior lateral branches are removed, resulting in a concentration of growth at branch end: - Correct answer lion tailing Electricity is generated by industrial __________ through __________. - Correct answer magnets; induction 47 [Date] __________-__________ treatments are used for clearing all plant material in an area, such as substations or around pole bases. - Correct answer bare-ground True or False? If a clearance distance is specified (such as 10 ft), the cut should be made at the next suitable branch union (i.e. possibly further than 10 ft). - Correct answer true A device capable of either increasing or decreasing circuit voltage, sort of like an adjustable transformer: - Correct answer voltage regulator A transmission VM reliability standard; released by NERC: - Correct answer FAC-003 A transformer that is intended to reduce voltage is known as a: - Correct answer step- down transformer A herbicide's method of disrupting biochemical pathways is called its __________ __________ __________. Common types include: - Correct answer mode of action; - ALS or AHAS inhibitors - Synthetic auxins - EPSP inhibitors - Photosystem I inhibitors - Photosystem II inhibitors - Proton inhibitors - Auxin transport inhibitors Palm trees are __________, meaning their embryos have only one seed leaf. - Correct answer monocots (short for monocotyledon) 50 [Date] __________ __________, the principal protective devices in distribution substations, are designed to operate in as little as 10 Hz. - Correct answer circuit breakers The lower the LD₅₀ or LC₅₀, the __________ toxic the pesticide. - Correct answer more Electrical flow in an unintended direction: - Correct answer backfeed Toxicity Levels: - Category I: __________ toxic - Category II: __________ toxic - Category III: __________ toxic - Category IV: __________ nontoxic - Correct answer highly; moderately; slightly; relatively A __________ is a blocked current or a bypass of an intended conducting path. - Correct answer fault Four elements of the closed chain of custody concept: - Correct answer - Container cycle - Integrity cycle - Documentation cycle - Herbicide cycle Fiberglass, glass, polymers, & porcelain are good __________; aluminum & copper are good __________. - Correct answer insulators; conductors __________ is the amount of chemical reaching the body, while __________ is the quantity absorbed into the body. - Correct answer exposure; 51 [Date] dose __________ __________ is used on distribution lines in densely forested areas to provide some protection from faults caused by branches. - Correct answer tree wire In the US, acceptable thresholds for chronic exposure are set by __________ __________. - Correct answer the EPA A __________ is a substance with a high acute toxicity (marked with a skull & crossbones on pesticide labels). - Correct answer poison How should debris be handled? - Correct answer in a manner consistent with the current land use