Islamic Terms and Concepts: A Comprehensive Glossary, Quizzes of World Religions

Download Islamic Terms and Concepts: A Comprehensive Glossary and more Quizzes World Religions in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 fitra DEFINITION 1 monotheistic human nature we're all born with TERM 2 ghafla DEFINITION 2 sin of forgetfulness (forgetting our monotheistic human nature) TERM 3 hanif DEFINITION 3 generic monotheist; someone who is not committing the sin of forgetting TERM 4 jinn DEFINITION 4 supernatural creatures in Arab folklore and Islamic teachings that occupy a parallel world to that of mankind; jinn, humans, and angels make up the three sentient creations of Allah. TERM 5 hijra DEFINITION 5 the migration or journey of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE TERM 6 qibla DEFINITION 6 the direction that should be faced when a Muslim prays during Salat TERM 7 hadith DEFINITION 7 a saying or an act or tacit approval or criticism ascribed either validly or invalidly to the Islamic prophet Muhammad TERM 8 sunna DEFINITION 8 the practice of prophet Muhammad that he taught as a teacher of the shari ah; this practice is to be adhered to in fulfilling the divine injunctions, carrying out religious rites, and moulding life in accord with the will of God TERM 9 surah (s) DEFINITION 9 a division of the Qur'an, often referred to as a chapter TERM 10 ayah DEFINITION 10 smallest unit of Qur'an; verses or signs of the Qur'an TERM 21 sharia DEFINITION 21 the moral code and religious law of Islam TERM 22 jihad DEFINITION 22 a religious duty of Muslims; a struggle for any cause, violent or not, religious or secular (lesser and greater) TERM 23 sheikh DEFINITION 23 means "elder" and "leader and/or governor"; the front man of a tribe who got his title from his father TERM 24 dhikr DEFINITION 24 a devotional act, typically involving the repetition of the Names of God, supplications, or formulas taken from the hadith texts and verses of the Qur'an TERM 25 Allah DEFINITION 25 a word for God used in the context of Islam TERM 26 Islam DEFINITION 26 the monotheistic religion articulated by the Qur'an TERM 27 Muslim DEFINITION 27 an adherent of Islam TERM 28 Jahilliya DEFINITION 28 an Islamic concept of "ignorance of divine guidance" or "the state of ignorance of the guidance from God" referring to Arabs in pre-Islamic Arabia TERM 29 Quraysh DEFINITION 29 the dominant tribe of Mecca upon the appearance of the religion of Islam TERM 30 Banu Hashim DEFINITION 30 a clan in the Quraysh tribe; Muhammad was a member of this clan TERM 31 Al-Qur'an DEFINITION 31 the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God TERM 32 Sunni DEFINITION 32 sometimes referred to as the orthodox version of the religion; largest branch of Islam TERM 33 Shia DEFINITION 33 the second largest denomination of Islam; shia believe that only God has the right to choose a representative to safeguard Islam TERM 34 Shi'at Ali DEFINITION 34 "followers of Ali" TERM 35 Sufi DEFINITION 35 a practitionaer of Sufism (the inner, mystical dimension of Islam) TERM 46 18th c. CE (Wahhabism) DEFINITION 46 a branch of Islam; developed by an 18th century Muslim theologian advocating purging Islam of what he considered to be impurities and innovations TERM 47 1930 DEFINITION 47 founding of the Nation of Islam--an African-American new religious movement by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad TERM 48 1975 DEFINITION 48 American Society of Muslims is formed from Nation of Islam TERM 49 Adam and Eve (Islam) DEFINITION 49 similar to Adam and Eve in Christian and Jewish sense, but in Islam, Adam initiated eating the forbidden fruit TERM 50 Abraham DEFINITION 50 Islamic prophet and apostle of God; promised by God to be a leader to all the nations of the world TERM 51 Ishmael DEFINITION 51 the first born of Abraham--born to him from his second wife, Hagar TERM 52 Muhammad DEFINITION 52 founder of the religion of Islam; considered by Muslims to be a messenger and prophet of God TERM 53 Abu Talib DEFINITION 53 head of Banu Hashim clan of Quraysh tribe of Mecca; uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad TERM 54 Khadija DEFINITION 54 wife of Muhammad; one of the "mothers of the believers" TERM 55 Gabriel DEFINITION 55 the angel who revealed the Qur'an to Muhammad TERM 56 Abu Bakr DEFINITION 56 a senior companion and the father-in-law of Muhammad; became the first Muslim Caliph following Muhammad's death TERM 57 'Ali DEFINITION 57 son of Abu Talib, cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; ruled over the Islamic Caliphate and was the first male convert to Islam TERM 58 Jesus and Mary (Islam) DEFINITION 58 Jesus was the result of a virgin birth, but neither were divine TERM 59 'Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab DEFINITION 59 an influential Sunni Muslim Scholar TERM 60 The Honorable Elijah Muhammad DEFINITION 60 an African-American religious leader, and led the Nation of Islam from 1934 until his death in 1975. Mentor to Malcolm X. TERM 71 Seal of the Prophets DEFINITION 71 a title given to Muhammad by a verse in the Qur'an TERM 72 Day of Judgment DEFINITION 72 God's final assessment of humanity as it exists; the annihilation of all creatures allowable, resurrection of the body, and the judgment of all sentient creatures TERM 73 Five Pillars of Islam DEFINITION 73 five basic acts in Islam Shahadah-professing monotheism and accepting Muhammad as God's messenger Salat-five daily prayers Sawm-3 types of fasting: ritual fasting, fasting as compensation for repentance, and ascetic fasting Zakah-alms giving; charitable giving (2.5%) Hajj-pilgrimage to Mecca TERM 74 Six Articles of Faith DEFINITION 74 One God Angels Prophets Scriptures The day of judgment and the Akhirah or afterlife Predestination TERM 75 umrah DEFINITION 75 lesser pilgrimage; a pilgrimage to Mecca taken at any time of the year besides hajj TERM 76 martyr DEFINITION 76 Witnessing to righteousness, witnessing a financial transaction and being killed even in an accident as long as it doesn't happen with the intention to commit a sin TERM 77 Nation of Islam DEFINITION 77 a mainly African-American new religious movement founded in Detroit, Michigan by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad in July 1930 to improve spiritual, mental, social and economic condition of African-Americans in the U.S. TERM 78 Fundamentalist DEFINITION 78 religious ideologies as advocating a return to the "fundamentals" of Islam: the Qur'an and the Sunna TERM 79 Wahhabism DEFINITION 79 a religious movement or branch of Islam; advocates purging Islam of impurities and innovation; dominant form of Islam in Saudi Arabia TERM 80 Salafism DEFINITION 80 Sunni Islamic movement that is supposed to take the Salaf who lived during the patristic period of early Islam as model examples TERM 81 Infidel DEFINITION 81 disbeliever; refers to a person who does not recognize the one God (Allah)