Islam and Its Foundations: The Prophet Muhammad, Islam's Scripture, and Key Beliefs, Quizzes of World Religions

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TERM 1 Islam DEFINITION 1 "Islam"="submission" - Submission to the will of Allah - Approximately 1 billion Muslims worldwide - Second largest world faith - Most Muslims in Indonesia, India, and China TERM 2 The Prophet Muhammad DEFINITION 2 Last (and most important) in long line of prophets - Men like Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus were messengers of Allah - Muhammad was given a complete and final revelationThe "ideal Muslim" - Model for all the learn from and copy TERM 3 The Prophet Muhammad (Life) DEFINITION 3 Born in Mecca, Arabia in 570 CE- An orphan raised by his uncle - Arabia was primarily polytheistic, he thought it had a corrupt culture - Often withdrew to be alone and reflect610- Had a vision of the angel Gabriel - Assured he was the messenger of God - Began to preach new religion, called for repentant, revelations continued for 22 yrs,message not welcomed by Mecca's tribal leadersForced to flee to Medina on Sept 24, 622-start of Hijrah (calendar)Established and governed the first Muslim community in MedinaReturns to Mecca in 630 and conquers..??? TERM 4 Spread of Islam DEFINITION 4 ??? TERM 5 The Qur'an DEFINITION 5 Scripture of Islam - 114 chapters (suras)/ 6,239 verses (Less than the Christian Bible) - Main source for Muslim belief and behavior - Given by Allah in Arabic - "Qur'an"="Recitation" - Canonical text established about 650 CE TERM 6 God as Both Stern and Forgiving DEFINITION 6 COMPLETE SUBMISSION TO THE WORD AND WILL OF GODa) God as both stern and forgiving - Bismillah- "In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate" - See Sura 2- Difference between "the ones who prosper" and those who will receive "a mighty chastisement" - Obedience to God wipes away sins TERM 7 (code of ethics) DEFINITION 7 b) Code of ethics - Promotion of people who are "patient, truthful, obedient, expenders in alms, imploring God's pardon at the daybreak" - Sura 3:15 TERM 8 Day of Judgement DEFINITION 8 c) Day of Judgement (Resurrections) - God will distinguish between believers and unbelievers - Dead will be brought to life - "Gardens", "pearls," etc, await the righteous - "Fire", "boiling water," etc. await the damned (see Sura 12:20) TERM 9 (tradition) DEFINITION 9 Sunnah-Body of Islamic practices based on Muhammads words/deeds- Can look to the path of Muhammad to discover what to imitate and what to avoid - "Obey God and His messenger"- 3:32Hadith- narrations of the words and deeds of Muhammad- Studied in regard to context and transmittersBoth are essential supplements to the Qur'an that explain and interpret it TERM 10 Declaration of Faith DEFINITION 10 "There is no God but God and Muhammas is the Messanger of God" - Reciting this statement with knowledge and sincerity is all that is needed to become a Muslim TERM 21 Shi'a DEFINITION 21 -Most of the remaining 15% of Muslims-Believe that religious authority could only be in the hand of Muhammad's relatives - Leader of Muslims (Imam) after Muhammad was then Ali (son-in- law of the Prophet) - 12 Imams were/are infallible (perfect examples of faithfulness) - 12th Imam is a messianic figure who will return in the future to make the earth peaceful and just TERM 22 Wallace D. Farad (Fard) DEFINITION 22 Founded Nation of Islam in 1930 - Believed to be Allah incarnate - Emphasized Muslim origins of African-Americans - Emphasized a black God and black separatism - Preached of a pending racial Armageddon - Mysteriously disappeared in 1934 TERM 23 Elijah Muhammad DEFINITION 23 Led Nation of Islam after 1934 disappearance of Wallace D. Farad - Believed to be Farad's Prophet - Preached that Islam was a greater religion than Christianity - Taught that blacks were the first people on earth - Spoke of whites as "blue-eyed devils" - Whites were the product of an experiment performed by a mad scientist - Whites were to have a 6000 year reign TERM 24 MALCOLM X DEFINITION 24 Converted to the Nation of Islam in 1946 - Became second in command - Began offering a more socially active message in the early 1960s - Less separatist than earlier leaders - Took pilgrimage to Mecca in 1964 - Embraced orthodox Islam - Assassinated in 1965 TERM 25 (louis farrakhan) DEFINITION 25 After movement splits upon Elijah Muhammad's death:Maintains the separatist ideology of Nation of Islam - Continued appeal to urban African-Americans - Structured NOI as a paramilitary organization - Men expected to solicit a tithe through selling of organization's newspaper TERM 26 (wallace d. muhammad) DEFINITION 26 After Movement splits upon Elijah Muhammad's death:Founded the World Community of Islam in the West (American Muslim Mission) in 1976 - Son of Elijah Muhammad - Embraced the teachings of Sunni Islam - Accepts whites as members - Encourages cooperation with Christians"Rejecting black nationalism in favor of Islamic internationalism" TERM 27 Porterfield DEFINITION 27 - Includes chapters about Muslim prayer and the concept of Jihad