Islamic Terms and Concepts: From Ka'bah to Sharia, Quizzes of World Religions

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TERM 1 Ka'bah DEFINITION 1 -Cube shaped shrine, the most sacred site in Islam.-Believed to be constructed by Adam TERM 2 First Covert to Muslim: DEFINITION 2 Khadija: Muhammad's first wife TERM 3 First Male Covert: DEFINITION 3 Abu BakrFirst boy: Ali TERM 4 Allah DEFINITION 4 Arabic for God; means the almighty TERM 5 "Night of Ascent" DEFINITION 5 -Vision: Awoken and carried to Jerusalem by a miraculous beast-Stood at ruins of Jewish temple, and Heavens opened- M approaches the throne of God-Speaks to previous prophets TERM 6 Divisions of Muslim DEFINITION 6 Shia and Sunni TERM 7 Caliph DEFINITION 7 -Ruler/Leader of Islam-Questions of what his role is, and how he's selected TERM 8 First Caliph: DEFINITION 8 -Abu Bakr (M's uncle)-Voted on by a counsel TERM 9 Caliph succesion: (1,2,3,4) DEFINITION 9 1: Bakr- Appointssuccessoron his death bed2: Umar- Eventuallyassassinated, chose field of 6 to succeed him3: Uthman-Assassinated; During his reign a rebellion occurs. - Not as favored as the other 3 -Factions of islam solidify4: Ali- Assassinated; Aisha raises up army to fight against him; First time there are 2 distinct factions TERM 10 Sunni Islam DEFINITION 10 -80% of modern Muslims-Caliph is the ruler-"Mainstream" Islam-Supported Abu Bakr TERM 21 Haddith DEFINITION 21 -Sayings or teaching of M-6 collectiions considered "authentic" -They had to come from a link to an authoritative source- TERM 22 Shahadah DEFINITION 22 -There is no God other than Allah and M is his prophet / messenger TERM 23 Tawhid: DEFINITION 23 Belief in oneness and unity of God TERM 24 Shirk DEFINITION 24 -Division of the unity of god-The oneunforgivablesin -ex: Polytheism, idolatry TERM 25 Last and Greatest Prophet DEFINITION 25 M TERM 26 Other Prophets DEFINITION 26 Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, John the Baptist TERM 27 4 other Prophets given divinely revealed books DEFINITION 27 Abraham, Moses, David, Jesus TERM 28 Other holy creatures DEFINITION 28 Angels: Allah's servants and messengers; do not have free will-made out of light-They always do good, and they record the good and bad deeds of humansJinn: Supernatural beings who can do good and bad-free wil-Made of fire-Devil: The most know Jinn TERM 29 Afterlife DEFINITION 29 -People await bodilyresurrection TERM 30 Heaven DEFINITION 30 Jannah: "The Garden" or paradise TERM 31 Hell DEFINITION 31 Jahannam: "The fire" or Hell TERM 32 Day of Judgement DEFINITION 32 Everyone judged for their deeds; Book of deeds placed in right or left hand TERM 33 Predestination DEFINITION 33 Al-Qadr: Everything is under god's control-Qur'an implies we do have free will-Debate as to the extent of our free will TERM 34 "If it is God's Will" DEFINITION 34 Insha'Allah TERM 35 Five Pillars of Islam DEFINITION 35 Shahadah:Declarationof faithSalahZakatSawmHajj TERM 46 Steps of Hajj DEFINITION 46 1) enter state of ihram and put on ihram clothing2) Perform the circling of the Ka'bah 7 times; run the 1st 3 laps; touch, kiss, or raise hand to the black stone3) Run between the hills of Safa and Marusa 7 times; this pathway is now enclosed; Also drink from well of Zamzam4) Make the stand at Mount Ararat on ninth day;Must remain from noon until dusk in extreme heat5) Stone the 3 pillars; then sacrifice sheep, goat, or camel6) Circle the Ka'bah again after returning from Mount Ararat-Not required, but some now visit Mosque of the prophet of medina TERM 47 Preparation for Hajj DEFINITION 47 -Purify body w/ a full bath- Wear special clothes-Keep ihram rules of conduct TERM 48 Ihram Dress DEFINITION 48 -Men wear 2 pieces of simple, unsewn white cloth-One wraps around waist and ankles, the other goes over the left shoulder-Women wear loose clothing and a veil-Face, hands, and feet must be uncovered TERM 49 Ihram Rules DEFINITION 49 -No sexual actions, thoughts, marriage, or engagement-Men: No jewelry; Women: wedding rings only-Women must cover head but not face-No interference w/ nature (i.e. cutting hair or nails, killing animals) TERM 50 Umrah DEFINITION 50 Lesser Pilgrimage: Steps 1-3-Encouraged to only do this if you've been on the whole thing once-Can be done at anytime of the year TERM 51 Feast DEFINITION 51 Eid-ul-Ada-Kept by all Muslims, they have it after the stoning of the pillars and sacrifice of the animal-Then mails shave heads and females trim hair TERM 52 Terms describing someone who has completed Hajj DEFINITION 52 Male: HajiFemale: Hajiya TERM 53 Women Dress in Islam DEFINITION 53 Qur'an does not require women wear a burka-Actually says very little about what they should wear; causes controversy- Many cover hair in public, see it as liberating because people don't see them for beauty TERM 54 Hijab DEFINITION 54 Veil-Can also refer to modest dress-Verse in Qur'an says to wear veil "over bosoms"-Preceding verse says for men to cover eyes TERM 55 Islam encourage domestic violence? DEFINITION 55 Says it as a VERY final resort-Interpretations: Men can hit their wivesor-As a last resort, to correct extremely bad conduct, a husband might use light physical contact on his wife-many Muslims believe surrah rules out domestic violence, M never did it TERM 56 Importance of Surrah DEFINITION 56 Provides context and interpretation of Qur'an-Haddiths: M explains how he put Qur'an into practice-i.e. He tells people "how can you expect your wife to lay with them if they hit her?" TERM 57 Qur'an improves status of women in many ways DEFINITION 57 -Rule out infanticide: Leaving baby to die-Gives women inheritance rights; Theyreceive1/2 the inheritance of men- Receive dowry in marriage-Polygamy: Ok, but Qur'an basically says it's impossible to do it, so ou shouldn't TERM 58 Sharia DEFINITION 58 "Path" or "Way"-System of religious laws in Islam-Some elements are in Qur'an, others are decide by juries-Laws come from: Qur'an, Sunnah, Ijma, and Qiyas TERM 59 Ijma DEFINITION 59 Laws from consensus TERM 60 Qiyas DEFINITION 60 Laws by analogyi.e. drinking wine not allowed in Qur'an cause it intoxicates SO drinking anything isn't allowed TERM 71 Jihad DEFINITION 71 "To Struggle"Denotes a personal struggle to practice islam- Struggle against Satan and sin- TERM 72 Medina Charter DEFINITION 72 M grants freedom of religion-Muslims should share their faith, not condemn others TERM 73 Abraham and Idols DEFINITION 73 God tells him to rid the world of idols, so he destroys them when they're gone and tells them to ask the one that was left who did it to prove it wasn't god TERM 74 Abraham and Ishmael DEFINITION 74 Told by God to rebuild Ka'bah TERM 75 M's early life DEFINITION 75 No parents, raised originally by Grandfather and he was ashepherd-Then raised by his Uncle (Abu Talib) and he becomes a merchant-Khadija employs him, and she's really wealthy. She then proposes-Have 4 daughters; then two sons who both die.-Fatima is the only daughter of his to outlive him; marries Ali TERM 76 M's first revelation DEFINITION 76 Angel Gabriel appears to him, and tells him to read words-M says he can't after looking at them-Gabriel says he can, and all of a sudden he can-He was told to learn them then repeat them to others-Then he begins sharing them TERM 77 Revelations DEFINITION 77 M has them at different times, and his physical state is altered during them-appearance of God's voice only and the sounds of bells TERM 78 Khadija's death DEFINITION 78 M takes more wivesSawdah: devout widowAisha: Probably 9 at the time, daughter of Abu Bakr-Marries 12 women over his last 10 yrs