Physiology and Exercise Science: An In-depth Study, Exams of Biology

Download Physiology and Exercise Science: An In-depth Study and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity! 1 [Date] 1 ISSA Certified Fitness Trainer Biology Exam With 100% Correct Answers 2023-2024 The heart and blood vessels are the components of which human organ system? - ✓✓✓The circulatory system Blood vessels are comprised of which type of muscle tissue? - ✓✓✓Smooth muscle Which blood vessels carry blood away from heart? - ✓✓✓Arteries Which heart chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the body? - ✓✓✓Right atrium During the cardiac cycle, what is the name of the contraction phase of the heartbeat? - ✓✓✓Systole During exercise, which organ system regulates fluid volume and pressure in body tissues? - ✓✓✓The lymphatic system What is the process of external respiration? - ✓✓✓The exchange of gases between the lungs and blood in the lungs Which endocrine hormone promotes the breakdown of protein in muscle cells? - ✓✓✓Cortisol Which of the following is an effect of long-term cortisol elevation in the body? - ✓✓✓Increases appetite Which component of the digestive system performs both mechanical digestion and chemical digestion? - ✓✓✓The mouth What is the definition of behavior? - ✓✓✓An action that can be observed, measured, and modified What stage of change is someone in if they are engaging in a new behavior and have been for less than 6 months? - ✓✓✓Action What stage of change is someone in if they are in denial or ignorant to the fact that a change may be necessary? - ✓✓✓Pre-contemplation What type of motivation is driven by personal enjoyment and satisfaction? - ✓✓✓Intrinsic motivation Which psychological need in the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) is described as the basic need to feel in control of one's own behavior? - ✓✓✓Autonomy 2 [Date] 2 Which of the following is an example of an open-ended question? - ✓✓✓"How did you first notice that you were gaining weight?" What type of goal is focused on the necessary steps to achieve it? - ✓✓✓Process goal What does the "A" in SMART goal stand for? - ✓✓✓Achievable What type of goal is open to interpretation by the client as opposed to being supported by measurable data? - ✓✓✓A subjective goal When communicating with clients, what type of communication must be constructive and effective to improve competence? - ✓✓✓Feedback Which human organ systems are responsible for human movement? - ✓✓✓The nervous system, muscular system and skeletal system Which classification of neurons initiate muscle contraction and activate glands? - ✓✓✓Motor neurons What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS) responsible for? - ✓✓✓Conveying motor commands, carrying sensory information to CNS, and regulating involuntary functions Where in the brain does most information processing occur? - ✓✓✓Cerebral cortex Which type of muscle is the most common in the human body? - ✓✓✓Skeletal muscle Which type of muscle fiber derives its energy primarily from aerobic energy pathways? - ✓✓✓Type I muscle fibers Which of the following is included in the appendicular skeleton? - ✓✓✓Shoulder girdle Which type of bone supports the weight of the body and facilitates movement? - ✓✓✓Long bones What does the Golgi tendon organ detect and respond to in the muscle? - ✓✓✓Changes in muscle tension The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are examples of what type of ligament? - ✓✓✓Intrinsic ligament What anatomical term is described as a position closer to the center of the body relative to a reference point? - ✓✓✓Proximal Which anatomical term refers to a movement that increases the angle between two body parts? - ✓✓✓Extensions 5 [Date] 5 What is the definition of agility as it relates to the element of reactive training? - ✓✓✓The ability to accelerate, decelerate, stabilize, and change direction with proper posture What type of cardiorespiratory training is performed at a fixed level of exertion? - ✓✓✓Steady-state-exercise Which of the following is a known benefit of interval training? - ✓✓✓Strengthening the left ventricle of the heart Which of the five components of fitness is described as the measure of force produced by a muscle or group of muscles? - ✓✓✓Muscular strength Which of the following is a measure commonly used to determine the intensity of cardiorespiratory exercise? - ✓✓✓Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) Which of the following is an adaptation from plyometric exercise? - ✓✓✓Increased muscle size In fitness, what do acute training variables determine? - ✓✓✓How an exercise of training program is performed Which acute training variable is the equipment, methods, or techniques used to complete an activity? - ✓✓✓Type The load used for a resistance training exercise is most closely related to which acute training variable? - ✓✓✓Intensity A training intensity of 67 percent is most closely related to which training adaptation? - ✓✓✓Muscular endurance For the training adaptation of muscle hypertrophy, what is the recommended number of repetitions per set? - ✓✓✓6-12 repetitions What does the "F" in the FITT principle stand for? - ✓✓✓Frequency Which principle of fitness states that acute training variables must be changed periodically to prevent plateaus, injuries, and boredom? - ✓✓✓Principle of variability What is the final state of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)? - ✓✓✓Exhaustion Resistance training is included in which category of training? - ✓✓✓Strength training What condition is the result of the accumulation of stress from both training and non- training activities resulting in short-term decreases in performance? - ✓✓✓Overreaching 6 [Date] 6 Which of the following is a known benefit of flexibility training? - ✓✓✓Decreased chronic pain What is dynamic stretching? - ✓✓✓Movement-based active stretching where muscles engage to bring about a stretch In a flexibility training protocol, which of the following should be executed after a training session? - ✓✓✓Static or pre-contraction stretching What type of inhibition do myofascial techniques rely on to decrease excitability of muscle tissue? - ✓✓✓Autogenic inhibition Which type of stretching should mirror the movements that will be performed in an upcoming activity? - ✓✓✓dynamic stretching What term is defined as the measurement of movement around a specific joint or body part? - ✓✓✓Range of motion Which of the following is an example of an active range of motion? - ✓✓✓A client moving their should through flexion and extension What type of stretching using bouncing and the momentum of the body or limb to force it beyond a normal range of motion? - ✓✓✓Ballistic stretching What are the two most important acute training variables related to flexibility training? - ✓✓✓Intensity and time In most cases, how long should a static stretch be held? - ✓✓✓10 to 30 seconds Which of the following is a known benefit of cardiorespiratory training? - ✓✓✓Improves sleep Which acute training variables are included in the FITT principle as it relates to cardiorespiratory training? - ✓✓✓Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type What is a metabolic equivalent (MET)? - ✓✓✓The measure of the ratio of a person's energy expenditure to their mass during physical activity According to the modified Rate of Perceived exertion (RPE) chart, what intensity equates to maximum exertion during cardiorespiratory exercise? - ✓✓✓RPE 10 During cardiorespiratory training how can speed be modified to increase training intensity? - ✓✓✓Increase speed 7 [Date] 7 What vital capacity reading is considered low and a potential symptom of a respiratory problem? - ✓✓✓below 3,000 mL Which of the following activities has a MET value between 3.0 and 6.0 - ✓✓✓Brisk walk (3.5 to 4 mph??????) What does (1) MET equal to? - ✓✓✓A Person's metabolic rate when at rest What other cardiorespiratory efficiency measure can be estimated by the ventilatory threshold? - ✓✓✓Lactate threshold The formula 220 minus age is commonly used to estimate what cardiorespiratory information? - ✓✓✓Maximum heart rate Which strength category is defined as a combination of strength and speed? - ✓✓✓power Strength training has been found to reduce which resting biological measure? - ✓✓✓Resting blood pressure Which strength curve most accurately represents a squatting exercise? - ✓✓✓Ascending strength curve What type of foundational exercises promote overall strength adaptations without necessarily translating to performance or skill development? - ✓✓✓General exercises During a taper, how much should training be reduced while exercise intensity remains at or above competition (maximal) levels? - ✓✓✓30-70% reduction in training volume For resistance training, how is intensity expressed? - ✓✓✓Percentage of 1RM What training goal is promoted when resistance training intensity is below 67% of 1RM - ✓✓✓Muscular endurance? During resistance training, what sub-variable is related to exercise type? - ✓✓✓Grip Which of the following is equipment with variable resistance? - ✓✓✓Resistance band Which of the following is an example of a static resistance exercise? - ✓✓✓plank What is an exercise progression? - ✓✓✓Modifications to acute training variables that increase the challenge of a movement pattern Body language, spatial relations, and paralanguage are all examples of what type of communication? - ✓✓✓nonverbal communication 10 [Date] 10 What is the definition of the heart condition of cardiomyopathy? - ✓✓✓the enlargement and stiffening of the heart Which chronic health condition can be cause by pollen, mold, smoke and air pollution? - ✓✓✓asthma What is the most common symptom of coronary heart disease (CAD)? - ✓✓✓angina Which of the following joints in the body are commonly affected by the condition of gout? - ✓✓✓Lesser toe joints, ankle, and knee Which arthritic condition is an autoimmune disorder? - ✓✓✓Rheumatoid arthritis At what age may youth begin implementing circuit training and strength exercises with light free weights and low intensity? - ✓✓✓11-14 years Approximately what percentage of adults over the age of 65 are living with at least one chronic health condition? - ✓✓✓80% Which type of exercise is recommended to prevent osteoporosis in older adults? - ✓✓✓resistance training For senior populations, what does the back scratch fitness assessment measure? - ✓✓✓upper body flexibility What is the general physical activity recommendation for pregnant women assuming no medical conditions are present? - ✓✓✓150 min of moderate-intensity exercises and 3 days of strengthening exercise weekly Which of the following in an absolute contraindication for a pregnant client? - ✓✓✓premature labor Exercise programming for a pregnant client should focus on what fitness outcome? - ✓✓✓maintaining current health status Approximately what percentage of the world's population has a condition that disables them? - ✓✓✓15% Which of the following is a physiological change that occurs in pregnant women that can affect how they exercise? - ✓✓✓resting heart rate increases Which fitness assessment for senior populations measures the amount of time needed for an individual to stand up from a seated position and walk eight feet? - ✓✓✓eight foot up and go 11 [Date] 11 Which style of personal training utilizes both in-person and virtual training? - ✓✓✓hybrid training Which style of personal training utilizes videos, live streaming, websites, and chat forums to deliver training content? - ✓✓✓virtual training When utilizing emails to communicate with clients, what is the ideal length of an email? - ✓✓✓50-125 words In email marketing, what is a strategic email? - ✓✓✓an email that explains the trainer's mission, philosophies, and more about themselves In email marketing what is an onboarding email? - ✓✓✓a series of emails that gather client information and assessments to begin a training program Under the scope of practice for a personal trainer, which of the following may a certified personal trainer assist clients with? - ✓✓✓general nutrition guidance In marketing, what is the phrase "sign up now!" an example of? - ✓✓✓call to action When identifying a target market, what is the fictional person that represents a trainer's preferred clientele known as? - ✓✓✓client persona Which style of personal training is offer choreographer? - ✓✓✓group exercise Which style of personal training requires a fitness professional to consider camera quality, lighting, and the available exercise equipment? - ✓✓✓virtual training According to the CDC, what is the definition of disinfecting? - ✓✓✓killing germs and viruses on surfaces with the use of chemicals To receive a personal training certification, what additional certification is required? - ✓✓✓CPR/AED What type of injury develops slowly and is persistent? - ✓✓✓chronic injury Which of the following is often included in a first aid kit? - ✓✓✓adhesive bandages Which of the following emergency situations requires a fitness professional to call 911 immediately? - ✓✓✓An unconscious person What type of acute injury occurs in a muscle? - ✓✓✓strain Which of the following emergency situations requires a fitness professional to call 911 immediately? - ✓✓✓chest pain 12 [Date] 12 What tool in a first aid kit can be used to remove debris from a wound? - ✓✓✓Tweezers What should ever location where exercise is performed have posted or available for patrons and employees? - ✓✓✓An emergency exit plan What serious health situation occurs when body is unable to regulate its temperature? - ✓✓✓heat stroke