issue of rural urban migration, Study Guides, Projects, Research of History

Download issue of rural urban migration and more Study Guides, Projects, Research History in PDF only on Docsity! Q.1 Is the issue of rural urban migration a result of poor planning? Which sort of planning can stop the increasing flow of migrants to urbanized cities of Pakistan? (25) The UN reported that half of the world populations live in cities and expected that this will rise to 60% by 2030. In Nigeria and other developing countries, population in cities is estimated to increase from 1.9 billion in 2000 to 3.9 billion in 2030. This is principally due to rural to urban migration which is consequent upon the dichotomous planning and development which many developing countries adopted especially after independence. These results in the rural underprivileged and the urban gifted that translates into better facilities and economic opportunities in these urban centers than the rural areas. The process of migration especially internal migration in Pakistan is an old phenomenon. It not only improves the socio-economic condition of the migrant households but also provides opportunities for employment. In Pakistan both the volume and nature of internal migration have varied overtime and so their impact on migrant households and on economy. In Pakistan the urban population is 35% of the total population and its average annual growth rate is 3.4% (1990-2005) which is higher as compared to South Asia’s figure of 2.8% in the same years. The status of life time migrants in the total population of 12 largest cities of Pakistan was about 15%, who moved into these cities from other districts of Pakistan. Majority of the people migrated to different urban areas of Pakistan in search of livelihood and employment opportunities. The remittances sent by these migrants significantly develop the rural economy and prosperity of the rural people. Business competition in the rural and urban population has been another positive effect of rural-urban migration, which accelerates the pace of economic and regional development. But further measures are required to increase the intermingling and assimilation of the rural and urban communities. Thus, while rural migrants from the FATA region are in the process of adjusting to urban life, they are exposed to and often adopt new ways of thinking, behaving and doing things that allow them to cope with problems and complexities of urban living. Rural-urban migration is fuelling problems like pollution, congestion and over population giving rise to numerous socio – economic issues. Of the total population estimated at 153.45 million in 2005, 101.22 million lived in rural areas (65.96 per cent) and 52.23 million lived in urban areas (34.04 per cent). By 2010, the population is expected to reach 167.37 million at an annual growth rate of 1.8 per cent, with the rural and urban populations at 106.55 million (63.66 per cent) and 60.82 million (36.34 per cent) respectively. During 2005-10, the rural and urban pollution growth rates are estimated to rise from 1.1 to 3.3 per cent. Urban population will grow at a higher rate. There are about 50,000 villages with populations below 10,000; around 448 small towns with population less than 100,000; 40 medium size towns with population above 100,000; seven metropolitan cities of Faisalabad, Multan, Gujranwala, Hyderabad, Peshawar, Rawalpindi and Quetta with population in excess of one million; and the two megacities of Karachi and Lahore. Infrastructure and services in both rural and urban areas are deficient and substantial improvements are needed. The rural areas continue to lag behind in the availability of physical infrastructure, education and health facilities, safe drinking water supply and sanitation and other social services. Metropolitan cities comparatively, offer higher opportunities in terms of awareness and personal development, providing a learning experience for the illiterate and uneducated masses. However, these cities are now saturated and over populated,which makes it difficult to accommodate countless outsiders. To discourage migration from rural to urban localities, the government should adopt measures to provide economic as well as social well being, skill training and development of manpower, infrastructure at village level and improved micro-financing for self-employment. The rural sector is the backbone of the economy and poverty remains high in these areas, with low level of quality life. Despite various measures taken to develop the rural areas, deficiencies remain in the provision of basic infrastructure and social services. Local governments, supported by the provincial and federal governments need to develop the rural sector by improving access to land, water and livestock, enhancing activities in the non-farm sector, including agro- processing, provision of agricultural inputs and supply of basic consumer goods and services. New sources of plantation and improving agriculture should be identified. This will increase the aggregate income of rural population, making it financially independent. Emphasis should be laid on promoting rural industrialization and market development. Which sort of planning can stop the increasing flow of migrants to urbanized cities of Pakistan To promote rural industrialization, employment should be maximised through promotion of labour intensive industries and technologies in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). In addition, investments should take place for further improving cottage industries which would create value addition and enhance worker skills and human capital development. Efficient marketing systems and rural market development is essential for increasing agricultural production and ensuring better returns for growers. The marketing system in the rural areas has many deficiencies, thus reducing farmer’s profitability and incentives to produce and consequently, increasing the probability of rural migration. And finally, human capital development is the primary and most effective means for reducing chronic absolute poverty and inequalities in income. 1)Promote the Agriculture as Profession, Now a days it has become a trend that if you are a son of farmer then you should go to big cities to increase the income of the family. This kind of migration include skilled engineers to unskilled labor. I agree that the income is low in agriculture and government should also do something for this, but if we promote agriculture as a profession then it's possible that migration percentage can be lowered. 2)Provide basic facility like hospitals, colleges and transportation etc.