it is a reviewer for general biology 2, Summaries of Law

Download it is a reviewer for general biology 2 and more Summaries Law in PDF only on Docsity! ENDOCARDITIS - It is a life-threatening inflammation of the inner lining of the heart's chambers and values. This lining is called the endocardium. Endocarditis is usually caused by an infection. Bacteria, fungi or other germs get into the bloodstream and attach to damaged areas in the heart. Things that make you more likely to get endocarditis are artificial heart ualues, damaged heart ualues or other heart defects. Without quick treatment, endocarditis can damage or destroy the heart values. Treatments for endocarditis include medications and surgery. MYOCARDITIS - Inflammation and damage of the heart muscle known as myocardium. Most commonly caused by a viral infection, but can also be an infection of bacteria, fungi, parasite or a reaction to a drug. PERICARDITIS - Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the thin sac (membrane) that surrounds the heart. The pericardium holds the heart in place and helps it work properly. There is a small amount of fluid between the inner and outer layers of the pericardium. This fluid keeps the layers from rubbing as the heart moues to pump blood. THROMBOPHLEBITIS - It is an inflammatory process that causes a blood clot to form and block one or more veins, usually in the legs. The affected vein might be near the surface of the skin (superficial thrombophlebitis) or deep within a muscle (deep uein thrombosis, or DVT). Causes of thrombophlebitis include trauma, surgery or prolonged inactivity. DVT increases the risk of serious health problems. It's usually treated with blood- thinning medications. Superficial thrombophlebitis is sometimes treated with blood-thinning medications, too. ADRENÀL GLAND: • Organ - Kidney Description - A small gland that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. These hormones help control heart rate, blood pressure, and other important body functions. • Location- Top of each kidney THYROID GLAND: Organ - Trachea • Description - The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped endocrine gland in the neck that produces and secretes hormones that regulate many body functions. The main hormones are triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), which control energy levels, temperature, metabolism, heart rate, blood pressure and development. • Location -The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck, below the Adam's apple, and consists of two connected lobes. Gland: • Organ - Brain • Description - The pituitary gland is a part of your endocrine system. Its main function is to secrete hormones into your bloodstream. These hormones can affect other organs and glands, especialy your: The pituitary gland is sometimes called the master gland because it's involved in so many processes. The pituitary gland is small and oval- shaped. • Location - sits just beneath the base of the brain, behind the bridge of the nose. It is very small - only about the size of a pea. Coyads: • Organ - Testes and ovaries • Description - The gonads are controlled by luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), produced and secreted by gonadotropes or gonadotrophins in the anterior pituitary gland. This secretion is regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) produced in the hypothalamus. • Location - Located alongside the mesentery, the anchoring fold of membrane to the gut. HEMOPHILIA - It isa rare disorder that affects the blood's ability to clot normally. It is usually inherited and caused by low levels of certain proteins called clotting factors. There are two main types of hemophilia: hemophilia A, which is due to low leuels of factor VIll, and hemophilia B, which is due to low levels of factor IX. DIABETES - Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects how your body turns food into energy. It is caused by either insufficient insulin production or impaired insulin response. Diabetes can lead to various complications, such as kidney disease, nerve damage, and eye problems. There are three main types of diabetes: type 1, type 2, nd gestational diabetes. ARTERIES carry blood away from your heart. VEINS carry blood back toward your heart. CAPILLARIES, the smallest blood vessels, connect arteries and veins. Cavjiac CoNauetien Systev SINOATRIAL NODE: •Wall of right atrium Generates impulse • Natural pacemaker •Sends impulse to AV node BUNDLE OF HIS: •Between ventricles Two branches •Sends impulse to Purkinje fibers ATRIOVENTICULAR NODE • Between atria just above ventricles •Atria contract •Sends impulse to the bundle of his PURKINJE FIBERS •Lateral walls of ventricles • Ventricles contract ACCESSORY NERVE - Provides motor function to two muscles essential to neck and shoulder movement. FACIAL NERVE - 7th cranial nerve, control facial movement and expression GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE - Provides motor, parasympathetic and sensory information to your mouth and throat. TRIGEMINAL NERVE - The largest cranial nerve and 5thcranial nerve, to provide sensory innervation to the face. BASAL GANGLIA - a group of structures linked to the thalamus in the base of the brain and involved in coordination of movement CEREBELLUM - important for making postural adjustments in order to maintain balance THALAMUS - body's infornmation relay station. All information from your body's senses (except smell) must be processed through your thalamus before being sent to your brain's cerebral cortex for interpretation WERNICKE'S AREA are supports a critical component of speech production, referred to as phonologic retrieval, in which the phonemes to be articulated, and their temporal order, are represernted mentally. BROCA'S APHASIA - a non-fluent aphasia in which the output of spontaneous speech is markedly diminished and there is a loss of normal grammatical structure DYSPHAGIA - difficulty or discomfort in swallowing, as a symptom of disease DYSARTHRIA - difficult or unclear articulation of speech that is otherwise linguistically WERNICKE'S APHASIA - characterized by impaired language comprehension. ANEURYSM - abnormal swelling or bulge in the wall of a blood vessel, such as an artery. CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT- In medicine, a loss of blood flow to part of the brain, which damages brain tissue DEMENTIÀ - a term for several diseases that affect memory, thinking, and the ability to perform daily activities. TUMOR- An abnormal mass of tissue that forms when cells grow and divide more than they should or do not die when they should HEMOSTASIS - the stopping of bleeding from a wound, which is often the first stage of wound healing. HEMEOSTASIS - the body's state of balance, or it's tendency to maintain a constant, stable state in the body. THERMOREGULATION - biological mechanism responsible for maintaining a steady internal body temperature AMNIOCENTESIS - a prenatal test that takes amniotic fluid from around your baby in the uterus CHORIONIC VILLI SAMPLING - prenatal test that involves taking a samnple of tissue from the placenta to testfor chromosomal abnormalities and certain other genetic problem ARCUATE FASCICULUS - a bundle of axons that connects the temporal cortex and inferior parietal cortex to locations in the frontal lobe. LONGITUDINAL FISSURE - the deep groove that separates the two cerebral hemispheres of the vertebrate brain. SYLVIAN SULCUS - is the most prominent anatomic structure on the lateral surface of the human brain. WERNICKE'S AREA - usually found on the left side. This area encompasses the auditory cortex on the lateral sulcus. ESOPHAGUS - the muscular tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to the stomach PACEMAKERS - send electrical pulses to help your heart beat at a normal rate and rhythm. LASER BEAM - Lasers produce a narrow beam of light in which all of the light waves have very similar wavelengths. CT SCANNER - show detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, The excretory system in humans consists mainly of the kidneys and bladder. The kidneys Filter urea and other waste products from the blood, which are then added to the urine within the bladder. Other organs, such as the liver, process toxins but put their wastes back into the blood Central nervous system The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the brain and spinal cord. It is one of 2 parts of the nervous system. The other part is the peripheral nervous system, which consists of nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. The central nervous system is the body's processing centre. Peripheral nervous s system Your peripheral nervous system (PNS) is that part of your nervous system that lies outside your brain and spinal cord. It plays key role in both sending information from different areas of your body back to your brain, as well as carrying out commands from your brain to various parts of your body. Excretory system