iv solution cheat sheet, Cheat Sheet of Medicine

Download iv solution cheat sheet and more Cheat Sheet Medicine in PDF only on Docsity! IV Solution Cheat Sheet A quick reference guide on the different intravenous solutions. Type Use Special Considerations Normal Saline (NS)  0.9% NaCl in Water  Crystalloid Solution  Isotonic (308 mOsm)  Increases circulating plasma volume when red cells are adequate  Shock  Fluid replacement in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis  Hyponatremia  Blood transfusions  Resuscitation  Metabolic Alkalosis  Hypercalcemia  Do not use in patients with heart failure, edema, or hypernatremia, because NSS replaces extracellular fluid and can lead to fluid overload.  Replaces losses without altering fluid concentrations.  Helpful for Na+ replacement 1/2 Normal Saline (1/2 NS)  0.45% NaCl in Water  Crystalloid Solution  Hypotonic (154 mOsm)  Water replacement  Raises total fluid volume  DKA after initial normal saline solution and before dextrose infusion  Hypertonic dehydration  Sodium and chloride depletion  Gastric fluid loss from nasogastric suctioning or vomiting.  Use cautiously; may cause cardiovascular collapse or increase in intracranial pressure.  Don’t use in patients with liver disease, trauma, or burns.  Useful for daily maintenance of body fluid, but is of less value for replacement of NaCl deficit.  Helpful for establishing renal function.  Fluid replacement for clients who don’t need extra glucose (diabetics) Lactated Ringer’s (LR)  Normal saline with electrolytes and buffer  Isotonic (275 mOsm)  Replaces fluid and buffers pH  Hypovolemia due to third- space shifting.  Dehydration  Burns  Lower GI tract fluid loss  Acute blood loss  Has similar electrolyte content with serum but doesn’t contain magnesium.  Has potassium therefore don’t use to patients with renal failure as it can cause hyperkalemia  Don’t use in liver disease because the patient can’t metabolize lactate; a functional liver converts it to bicarbonate; don’t give if patient’s pH > 75.  Normal saline with K+, Ca++, and lactate (buffer)  Often seen with surgery