Japanese Language Cheat Sheet, Cheat Sheet of Japanese Language

Download Japanese Language Cheat Sheet and more Cheat Sheet Japanese Language in PDF only on Docsity! Japanese Cheat Shèet Layout: Letter (8.Sxl 1 in), Hepburn Romanization - Versi on 2 (updated Jan 201 O) -��----- Formai Verb Forms • rmalVerbforms Neutral Verb Forms Present/Future Tense PastTense ~I + masu ~I + mashita ~TE +imasu ~I + masen Present/Future Tense PastTense ~U ~TA lf... ~E + ba lf not... ~A + nakereba ~U +to ~A +nai to Progressive Tense Negative Present/Future Negative Past Tense Command Form ~I + masen deshita ~ TE + kudasai Progressive Tense Negative Present/Future Negative Past Tense Command Form ~TE +iru ~A +nai ~A + nakatta ~TE ~TA + ra ... 1 ~A+ nakattara i ~A + nai to ikenai MuSt/have to... ~A + nakereba ikenai Il ~I + nasai (�rydlrect) A SURU--> SHIRO (U-Verbs) ~E After... , ~TE + kara B. KURU --> KQI (RU-Verbs)~I + ro , ................... ~TA +ra Negative Command Potential Form ~A + naide kudasai ~E +masu Negative Command ~A + naide Before ... Because ... @ +mae ni @ + kara @ +node = cani able to Want to ... Don't want to ... Let's ... Passive Form =tobe ed Causative Form =toallow to =toforce to suRu ➔ dekimasu ~I +tai desu ~I + takunai desu ~I + mashou (U-Verbs) ~A + remasu (RU-Verbs) ~A + raremasu suRu ➔ saremasu KURU ➔ koraremasu (U-Verbs) ~A + semasu (RU-Verbs) ~A + sasemasu suRu ➔ sasemasu KURU ➔ kosasemasu Coniuualinu verbs Potential Form Want to ... Don't want to ... Let's ... Passive Form Causative Form Il ~U +na ~E +ru suRu ➔ dekiru ~I +tai ~I +takunai ~O +u (U-Verbs) ~A + reru (RU-Verbs) ~A + rareru suRu ➔ sareru KURU ➔ korareru (U-Verbs) ~A + seru (RU-Verbs) ~A + saseru suRu ➔ saseru KURU ➔ kosaseru In order to ... While ... (at the same time) Even (if) ... Try to... to do and see (the result) to make an effort Must not... To do in advance .. . To do too much .. . To do ... and so on. Seem to want to ... COMBINATION VERB STRINGING PHRASES Hirauana ~U +tame ni ~I + nagara ~TE +mo ~TE +miru ~O +u to suru ~TE + wa ikenai ~TE +oku ~I + sugiru ~TA + ri + suru ~TA +garu ~I +VERB2 ~TE + PHRASE 2 U-VERB ~ RU-VERB SURU KURU U-VERB TE/TA ENDINGS df) iJ, h"' � �- te tt iJ: ti t:f t! * � G b hana.sa A tabe. shi A ko TE TA hana.shi I tabe. shi I ki U, TSU, RU tte tta hana.su u tabe.ru suru u kuru BU,MU, NU nde ndahana.se E tabe.re sure E kore KU ite ita hana.so o tabe.yo shiyo o koyo TE tabe.te shite TE kite GU ide ida TA tabe.ta shita TA kita su shite shita L EXCEPTIONS ➔ iku (to go) in TE/TA-form becomes i.tte/i.tta➔ The A-form ending for verbs ending in'? (u) is b (wa) U-VERBS iru (to need), hairu (to enter), shiru (to know), kiru (to cut) (THAT LOOK LIKE RU-VERBS) kaeru (to go home), suberu (to slide), keru (to kick) Forms or de aru lto bel FORMAL INFORMAL Present Tense PastTense Probable desu deshita deshou da �@ datta @ l!darou Negative Present Tense Negative Past Tense Negative Probable de wa arimasen ja nai @ ja nakatta @ l!ja nai darou de wa arimasen deshita de wa nai deshou A darou is very masculine and direct. In most cases, it is better to use deshou. � When made into a noun, da changes to na with no, and de aru with koto. Adiectives NA-ADJECTIVES haya.i 1-ADJECTIVES fast @ genki na cheerful � haya.sa NouN FORM speed haya.ku ,ovERsFoRM quickly haya.kute fast and ... haya.katta was fast @ haya.kunai not fast @ haya.kunakatta wasn't fast @ haya.kereba if fast haya.kunakereba if not fast haya.sugiru too fast @ Drop na or sa if followed by a form of de aru. � ii (good) always conjugates as yoi. genki NouNFORM cheer � genki ni ,ovERsFoRM cheerfully genki de cheerful and ... Adjectives that end in I;' (i) are 1-Adjectives, except where the final I;' is part of a kanji. EASILY CONFUSED NA-ADJECTIVES �tl.t,' (�ml/ beautiful) -r1;,:jat,,(TlWl / polite) 4'i: ?"'-\,' f �'I' / unequal) caullonl so N YJ � TSU SHI � � ichi ni A r person child J: r up down □ § mouth eye )è fiJ: father mother f i * go come it � eat drink IR � A KA GA SA ZA TA DANA HA BA PA MAYA RA WA lt, � fi' L t:: 't t;' �e u- rJ rJ 'J-}- 9 I KI GI SHI JI CHI JI NI Hl BI PI MI RI '5 < <-- 9 "9 --:J --::5 � .E-- � � ù $ G A., U KU GU SU ZU TSU ZU NU FU BU PU MU YU RU N � it if -li' --t! --C -e: :tJ. A,. « � (/) n E KE GE SE ZE TE DE NE HE BE PE ME RE � e e��� E� ti��� ��� O KO GO SO ZO TO DO NO HO BO PO MO YO RO WO Kalakana 7 7J -JJ -lj- -if � -!i' T J\ l\ J '\ ? -V 7 ry A KA GA SA ZA TA DA NA HA BA PA MAYA RAWA -1 ::l=- � 1/ -:,} :;- =r' l::: è:' l::' -.... 1) I KI GI SHI JI CHI JI NI Hl BI PI MI RI 17 7 tf,::z,.;( 'Y '',/ 3{ 7 7' 7' b. 1 ,1,; ✓ u KU GU SU ZU TSU ZU NU FU BU PU MU YU RU N X. 1r1/-tz-t!-r:P' ,i'--A,.-«, �:I- v E KE GE SE ZE TE DE NE HE BE PE ME RE ;;d- :i :J ',,I '}' r i-:- / *� �-=e- 3 o 7 o KO GO SO ZO TO DO NO HO BO PO MO YO RO WO JLPT Level 4 IN5l lanJI (103 in all} [9 li _.L.. -t i\ 1t /\ + a =f san yon go roku shichi hachi kyuu juu hyaku sen man � fx a }j 1<. 11< * � ± * lj, man woman sun moon fire water tree money ground big small ii. ti A te g::r 9i- 1m {� � y left righi in out inside outside front back many few hall � }E Ej: P3 * 1È JI I J1r • hand foot ear Yen book flower store river mountain car street ti. 4- lf- B'ij: � � ::lt m * friend now noon hour week year what north south east west � 00 � � =-± � a l=IP m I=! ttO $ 71' # see hear say talk language read write buy learn understand resi � -'- ,b. ò ffi r1aJ � .lL -z:;; ft rJJ 7'c live stand meet old new high safety long interval previous each t± 00 � ffl 7( ,e � � � ÉI ' lt is possible-but uncommon-to add sa to a NA-Adjective to create a noun (ie. genki.sa) station school company country name electricity heaven spirit sky fish rain white A. : Potentially rude � : Usage note @ : "Noun-able"form. A form that can be changed into a noun with koto or no.