Understanding Sleep Disorders: Kaplan and Sadock's Study Guide, Exams of Nursing

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Kaplan and Sadock's study guide ch 23 normal sleep and sleep d/o |latest update 2024 23.1 Sleep is best described as the integrated product of the following two factors: a. age and health, b. seasonality and photoperiods c. sleep homeostat and the circadian clock d. melatonin peak and temperature nadir e. transition from day to night (dusk) and night to day (dawn) - ANSWER: ✔✔✔c. sleep homeostat and the circadian clock 23.2Which of the following is the treatment of choice for patients with obstructive sleep apnea? a. benzos b. theophylline c. uvulopalataoplasty d. weight loss e. nasal continuous positive airway pressure - ANSWER: ✔✔✔e. nasal continuous positive airway pressure 23.3 Which of the following is a component of good sleep hygiene? a. arise at the same time daily b. eat larger meals near bedtime c. take daytime naps as needed d. establish physical fitness with exercise in the evening e. all of the above. - ANSWER: ✔✔✔a. arise at the same time daily 23.4 sleep latency is defined as a. the period of timie from the onset of sleep until the first sleep spindle b. the period of time from the onset of sleep until the first REM period of the night c. the period of time from turning out the lights until the appearance of stage 2 sleep d. the time of being continuously awake from the last stage of sleep until the end of the sleep record e. none of the above - ANSWER: ✔✔✔c. the period of time from turning out the lights until the appearance of stage 2 sleep 23.5 you begin treating a blind woman who presents with difficulty sleeping. this patient is most likely to be experiencing which of the following circadian disturbances? a. no disturbances b. non-24-hr sleep-wake cycle c. delayed sleep phase syndrome d. irregular sleep-wake rhythm e. advanced sleep phase syndrome - ANSWER: ✔✔✔b. non-24-hr sleep-wake cycle 23.6 all of the following statements regarding nightmares are true except: a. rem-suppressing drugs can bring about nightmares b. children who have nightmares do not awaken confused c. creative people have been shown to have nightmares more frequently d. massive autonomic signs often accompany nightmares in children e. nightmares occur in up to 50% of children aged 3-6 y. - ANSWER: ✔✔✔d. massive autonomic signs often accompany nightmares in children 23.7 An experiment is performed in which sleeping patients are awakened at the beginning of REM cycles. They are then allowed to sleep with repeated interruption. Which of the following will be the result of the experiment? a. increase in REM latency b. more frequent nighttime awakenings c. increase in the number of REM periods d. decrease in the length of REM periods a. unpleasant sensations are partially or totally relieved by movement b. sensations are worse in evening c. it consists of uncontrollable movement of the legs d. it is worse when sitting or lying down e. it has an onset in middle-aged people and usually has a progressive course - ANSWER: ✔✔✔c. it consists of uncontrollable movement of the legs 23.16 the symptoms of narcolepsy include all of the following except: a. sleep paralysis b. hallucinations c. daytime sleepiness d. catalepsy e. cataplexy - ANSWER: ✔✔✔d. catalepsy 23.17 Which of the following statements about the sleep stage histograms shown in figure 23.2 is true? a. b is characteristic of MDD b. a is characterized by an abnormal latency to REM sleep c. a is characteristic of OSA syndrome d. both are WNL e. A is characteristic of anxiety disorder - ANSWER: ✔✔✔a. b is characteristic of MDD 23.18 True statements about sleep in the elderly include all of the following except a. individuals with periodic limb movements sleep abt 1 hour less per night than control subjects b. death rates are higher in the elderly both in people who sleep more than 9 hrs and those who sleep fewer than 5 hrs c. after the age of 65, 1/3 of women and 1/5 of men report that they take more than 30 minutes to fall asleep d. the incidence of nocturnal myoclonus increases with age e. the average daily total sleep time decreases after the age of 65 - ANSWER: ✔✔✔e. the average daily total sleep time decreases after the age of 65 23.19 Many benzodiazepine hypnotic medications cause which of the following? a. abnormally decreased eeg beta and sleep spindle activity b. profound hypersomnia during withdrawal c. increases in slow wave sleep d. reductions in REM sleep e. All of the above - ANSWER: ✔✔✔d. reductions in REM sleep 23.20 which of the following features is not typical of REM sleep? a. dreams are typically concrete and realistic b. polygraph measures show irregular patterns c. the resting muscle potential is lower in REM sleep than in a waking state d. near-total paralysis of the postural muscles is present e. a condition of temperature regulation similar to that in reptiles occurs - ANSWER: ✔✔✔a. dreams are typically concrete and realistic 23.21 which of the following statements does not correctly describe sleep regulation? a. melatonin secretion helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle b. destruction of the dorsal raphe nucleus of the brain-stem reduces sleep c. L-tryptophan deficiency is associated with less time spent in NREM sleep d. REM sleep can be reduced by increased firing of noradrenergic neurons e. disrupted REM sleep patterns in patients with depression show shortened REM latency - ANSWER: ✔✔✔c. L-tryptophan deficiency is associated with less time spent in NREM sleep 23.22 Which of the following statements regarding Kleine-Levin Syndrome is false? a. It involves recurrent episodes of hypersomnia w/ 18-20 hour sleep periods b. other symptoms include voracious eating, hypersexuality, and disinhibition c. it only affects adolescent males d. episodes last for a few days up to several weeks once to 10 times per year e. a monosymptomatic hypersomnolent form can occur - ANSWER: ✔✔✔c. it only affects adolescent males 23.23 an individual things that he or she is awake and having insomnia even though brain electrophysiological activity pattern is consistent with the correlates of normal sleep a. adjustment insomnia b. psychophysiological insomnia c. idiopathic insomnia d. paradoxical insomnia - ANSWER: ✔✔✔d. paradoxical insomnia 23.24 a transient insomnia presumably caused by acute stress, conflict or change a. adjustment insomnia b. psychophysiological insomnia c. idiopathic insomnia d. paradoxical insomnia - ANSWER: ✔✔✔a. adjustment insomnia 23.25 a conditioned arousal associated with the thought of sleeping a. adjustment insomnia b. psychophysiological insomnia c. idiopathic insomnia d. paradoxical insomnia - ANSWER: ✔✔✔b. psychophysiological insomnia 23.26 a lifelong inability to obtain adequate sleep a. adjustment insomnia b. psychophysiological insomnia c. idiopathic insomnia d. paradoxical insomnia - ANSWER: ✔✔✔c. idiopathic insomnia 23.27 a desynchrony b/w circadian and environmental clocks occurs b/c of travel