Download Organic Chemistry: Ketones, Acids, Esters, Amines, Amino Acids, Amides, and Biomolecules - and more Study notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!
THOMAS ZONA CHE 102Ketones
1
pipe
Acetone
Carboxylic Acids
O
|
ROH
Acidic
hydrogen
0 OH
pest Citric Acid
H OH
m ae
}
Amino Acids
Amine O
H |
H)»N—C—C—OH
R_ Carboxylic
acid
Variable side chain
Mirror
Nie Panda
\Al 4 \ | Lala
} /
™! Lp_
~S Lif
Enantiomers
Amino Acids
Glycine (Gly)
Leucine (Leu)
Alanine (Ala)
HN—C—C—0"
Isoleucine (Ile)
O
H il I
an aie oo
CH-CH, CH~
| ; an
CHg ON -CH)
Cc
He
Valine (Val) Proline (Pro)
Phenylalanine (Phe)
Methionine (Met)
0
+ H I
H3N—C—C—O-
Tryptophan (Trp)
Amino Acids
Serine (Ser)
oO
+ H Il
Nf
CH
|
il
CH)
CH)
NH;*
Lysine (Lys)
oO
Hl
H;N—C—C—o-
Glutamine (Gin)
oO
- u_ il
a
CHa
c
a
HN” “c
\ /
HC=N
H
Histidine (His)
oO
- Hil
ENC So
CH,
SH
Cysteine (Cys)
Aspartate (Asp)
Glutamate (Glu)
Vitamins
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin Sources Adult RDA? Function
- A Fish, liver, eggs, dark green 800 yg’ (women) Vision
leafy vegetables, yellow-orange 1000 yg (men)
fruits and vegetables
D Eggs, fish, liver, fortified milk 5 wg Calcium absorption
10 yg (50 years old+) (for strong bones
15 xg (70 years old+) and teeth)
E Almonds, green leafy vegetables, 15 mg° Antioxidant
wheat germ, whole grains
K Green leafy vegetables, cabbage 65 yg (women) Blood clotting
80 wg (men)
®Recommended Daily Allowance; *Micrograms; ‘Milligrams
11
Vitamins- Water Soluble
90 mg (men)
+35 mg for smokers
HO
—
HO OH
Water-Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin Sources Adult RDA Normal Function
Thiamine (B,) Pork, liver, whole grains, 1.1 mg (women) Carbohydrate metabolism
beans, nuts 1.2 mg (men)
Riboflavin (Bz) Dairy products, 1.1 mg (women) Nutrient oxidation
whole grains 1.3 mg (men)
Niacin (B,) Meat, milk, eggs, nuts, 14 mg (women) Nutrient oxidation
poultry, whole grains 16 mg (men)
Pantothenic acid (B.) Whole grains, meat, 5mq Nutrient oxidation
vegetables
Pyroxidine (B,) Meat, fish, poultry, 1.5 mg (women) Protein metabolism
beans, grains, oranges 1.7 mg (men)
Biotin (H) Eggs, milk, cereal 30 mg Nutrient oxidation
Folic Acid (B,) Green leafy vegetables 400 ug Red blood cell formation,
prevention of spina bifida
Vitamin B,2 Animal products 2.4 mg Red blood cell formation,
nerve cell maintenance
Vitamin C Citrus fruits 75 mg (women) Antioxidant, collagen
formation
12 Carbohydrates se}
Polysaccharides
Some Key Polysaccharides
Molecule Role
Starch Energy storage in plants
Glycogen Energy storage in animals
Cellulose Structural material of plants
Chitin Tough exoskeleton of insects, spiders, crustaceans
Peptidoglycan Comprises part of bacterial cell walls
CHLOH
H c—o
CH)OH CH,OH CHLOH V4 on u's -
H Ls H 4H lg H H Lo Y™ 7]
EN Ifo NI VAN, CC
Cc H H ‘e Cc OH H Cc Cc OH H Cc |
o NI I — XL 7 \o o \I IY H OH
i I 1 I [i
H OH H OH H OH
Repeating unit of starch Repeating unit of cellulose
Polysaccharides
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose-extensive
hydrogen bonding
between chains.
17
Carbs- Not Just for Energy!
Type O Type A Type B
carbohydrate carbohydrate carbohydrate
Type O Blood Type A Blood Type B Blood
Type A Type B
carbohydrate carbohydrate
Type AB Blood
Receptor of
virus
ae
we
“i
were
ate
Saat
ee
nee
ae
Inside of cell
Receptor of
bacterium
Carbohydrate
“signpost”
Plasma
membrane
