Kidney and Phosphate Balance in Fundamentals of Physiology | BMS 360, Study notes of Biology

Download Kidney and Phosphate Balance in Fundamentals of Physiology | BMS 360 and more Study notes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! 6 April Kidney → Calcitrol (Vitamin D3) → Increase Ca2+ absorption GI, increase Ca2+ absorption kidney, facilitates effect PTH on bone (all increase Ca2+ blood plasma) Calcium and Phosphate Balance Calcium and phosphate homeostasis are linked Phosphate is key ingredient of hydroxyapatite Phosphate has other roles Energy transfer and storage Activation and deactivation of enzymes, transports, and ion channels Part of DNA and RNA backbone PTH Bone → ↑ PO4 Intestine → ↑ PO4 (no need calcitriol) Kidney → ↑ PO4 secretion Objectives Explain chromosomal sex determination Distinguish between primary and secondary sex determination Apply the results from Alfred Jost’s experiments to explain secondary sex determination Explain what drives male and female reproductive tract differentiation Explain what drives male and female external genitalia differentiation Environmental sex determination → temperature Genetic/chromosomal sex determination Sex Determination Chromosomes Autosomes 22 pairs Sex chromosomes X and Y XXY – Klinefelter XO – Turner Syndrome Fetal gonad development Genital ridge/bipotential gonad Sox 9 gene → testis Activated by SRY Somatic support cells → granulosa cells in ovary → sertoli cells in testis Steroidogenic cells → theca cells in ovary → Leydig cells in testis