African American Leaders in Late 1800s-Early 1900s: Wells, Washington, Du Bois, Exams of History

Download African American Leaders in Late 1800s-Early 1900s: Wells, Washington, Du Bois and more Exams History in PDF only on Docsity! KSU HIST 2112 African American Leadership Notes Kennesaw State University African American Leadership in the late 1800s and early 1900s February 14, 2014 -conditions facing African Americans Summer of 1919 series of violent race riots: “Red Summer” - Lynching: killing by a mob for an assumed crime. - Worst was in Chicago, 25 across the country o Began when people were swimming on segregated beaches and a black swimmer drifted towards a white beach and was stoned to death. - For the first time in 1919 Af. Am began to fight back. -responses to segregation -focus on life within own community, with black churches at the center. -migration: large groups of people migrate to the Northern Industrial Cities - moving outside the south did not allow them to escape racism -African American leaders: Ida B. Wells , Booker T. Washington and WEB Du Bois * Ida B. Wells: leader in anti-lynching - Born into slavery in Missisppi in 1862 - after the civil war ended, she was able to receive an education via a “missionary school” from the north. - 1880 moved to Memphis TN, with the intention of pursuing a teaching career, successful. - becomes part of black middle class in Memphis - Career change to journalism, then to an Editor of the black newspaper in Memphis “Free Speech” -main goal: to use print media to educate the public about the pervasiveness of lynching in the south - 1909 becomes a founding member of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) - worked to promote women’s suffrage, advocated women’s right to vote. Booker T. Washington: - Born into slavery in 1856 in Virginia - Established the Tuskeegee Institute - Best known proponent of accommodation: counseling compromise and patience - Urged Af. Am to focus on modest economic goals - Called for a vocational education: job training - Advocate for racial harmony - W.E.B. DuBois: spoke out against Washington’s Ideology - born in 1868- 1963 (after the abolishment of slavery) grew up in New England - first exposure to southern racial practices was in Nashville TN at Fisk University (black college)