Download ESM 206 Lab Exercise #1: Hypothesis Testing and Private Land Conservation and more Lab Reports Introduction to Cultural Anthropology in PDF only on Docsity! ESM 206 Lab Exercise #1 Week 7, Winter Quarter 1 As a warm-up for this lab session, you should look at the tutorials for beginners, one mean, two means, and paired means. In this lab session you will be working with county-level data on U.S. private land conservation. The counties are a randomly selected subset (20%) of all counties in the continental U.S. The data are contained in the ‘main_data’ datasheet of the landcons_sample.xls file. The table gives variable names and definitions. Variable Definition fips A unique numerical code identifying state and county state The 2-letter state abbreviation county The county name pprivcons00 The percent of private land in a county owned or held in conservation easements by land trusts in 2000 pci00 The per-capita income of a county’s residents in 2000 hpci00 = 1 for the counties in the upper quartile of the distribution of pci00 (i.e. the richest 25% of counties in the sample) amscale A composite score for the quality of natural amenities in a county. The score increases with increases in a county’s water abundance, topographical variation, and average winter temperature. The score decreases with increases in summer average temperatures and humidity. hamscale =1 for the counties in the upper quartile of the distribution of amscale (i.e. the nicest 25% of counties in the sample) ppub00 The percent of county land owned by the federal government (e.g., USPS, USFS, etc.) hppub00 =1 for the counties in the upper quartile of the distribution of ppub00 (i.e. the 25% of counties with the most public land in the sample) Once we upload these data into JMP, we will work through 1-6. 1. Your friend bet you in 1998 that the mean per-capita income across U.S. counties would not exceed $22,000 by the year 2000. Unfortunately, you only have access to the random sample of U.S. counties provided here. Because your bet cannot be resolved with perfect certainty, you have agreed to resolve it with the method of hypothesis testing using this sample. You have generously agreed to let your friend’s claim be considered the null hypothesis, and you have agreed to use a significance level of 0.05. a. What is HO, the null hypothesis? ESM 206 Lab Exercise #1 Week 7, Winter Quarter 2 b. What is HA, the null hypothesis? c. Is this a one or two-tailed test? d. What is the mean amount of per-capita income in 2000 from our sample? e. Does the sample mean differ significantly from $22,000? Who wins the bet? 2. Your friend also believed that the average level of private land conservation in a U.S. county would not exceed 0.30 % of the private land in a county in 2000. You disagreed on this and bet your friend that she was wrong. You have agreed to let your position stand as the null hypothesis. a. What is HO, the null hypothesis? b. What is HA, the alternative hypothesis? c. What is the mean value of pprivcons00? d. Does pprivcons00 look normally distributed? Contrast this with the distribution of pci00 – does this variable look normally distributed? Given the distribution of pprivcons00 can we use the same procedure as in #1? e. Who wins the bet? 3. Another friend claims that private land conservation is a luxury that only rich counties can afford. You think land conservation decisions are complicated, and have never thought there is a systematic relationship with income. You decide to initially evaluate your prior beliefs using hypothesis testing. The two variables you have at your disposal are hpci00 and pprivcons00. a. What is HO, the null hypothesis? b. What is HA, the null hypothesis?
