lab manual_digestive_atlas_11-22-17.pdf, Schemes and Mind Maps of Anatomy

Download lab manual_digestive_atlas_11-22-17.pdf and more Schemes and Mind Maps Anatomy in PDF only on Docsity! G a The Digestive System A digestive system lab activity using Visible Body’s Human Anatomy Atlas Blythe Nilson, Associate Professor of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan 2 A. Digestive System Overview Open the Atlas app. From the Views menu, go to Systems Views and scroll down to Digestive System Views. Select 6. Alimentary Canal. Make the following observations. You are responsible for all bold terms and diagram labels. 1. Zoom out so that the entire model is visible. The alimentary canal is a continuous tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the anal canal. Rotate the model and zoom out as required to see the entire length of the tube. 2. Deselect the skeletal system (the skull icon) in the systems menu to hide the pelvis and spine. Rotate the alimentary canal to view it from all angles. 3. Use the image below to locate the main sections of the alimentary canal. Mouth Esophagus Colon Small Intestine Stomach Pharynx Rectum 5 5. Locate the teeth and the gingiva. What roles do these structures play in digestion? 6. Deselect the skeletal system, then rotate the model so that you can see and select the tongue. How does the tongue participate in mechanical digestion? 7. Deselect the muscular system and hide the parotid glands by clicking on them and selecting “hide”. Locate the oropharynx, the laryngopharynx, and the esophagus. 8. After being chewed, the mixture of food and salivary juices that is swallowed is called a ____________________________. Smooth muscles in the pharynx and the esophagus create waves of ____________________ that carry the food mixture to the stomach. TIME TO PRACTICE! GO TO THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM QUIZZES AND TAKE QUIZ 6, UPPER TRACT. 6 C. Lower Digestive System Overview Go to the Views menu and select 2. Lower Digestive System from the set of digestive system views. Rotate the model to see how the digestive system fills most of the space in the abdominal cavity. Esophagus Cardiac sphincter Stomach Greater omentum 1. Deselect the skeletal system and locate the junction of the esophagus and the stomach. Locate the cardiac sphincter. When does the cardiac sphincter open? 2. Using an anterior view locate the greater omentum. What tissues make up the greater omentum and what is its function? 7 3. Hide the greater omentum and locate the following parts of the alimentary canal: a. Stomach b. Small intestine c. Large intestine (colon) d. Rectum e. Anus Large intestine (colon) Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Rectum Anus 10 E. Intestines Go to the Views menu and select 2. Lower Digestive System from the digestive system set of views. Deselect the skeletal system and hide the greater omentum. 1. Rotate the model in order to locate the three sections of the small intestine: the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. Duodenum Ileum Jejunum 11 2. Rotate the model to an anterior view and select then hide the transverse colon. You should be able to see the pyloric sphincter where the duodenum connects to the stomach. Select the section of the duodenum labeled Duodenum, sectioned (front) and hide it. You will now see the five layers of the duodenum (note they are not separately selectable). Starting with the outermost layer they are the: a. Serosa b. Longitudinal muscle layer c. Circular muscle layer d. Submucosa e. Mucosa 3. Select the section of the duodenum labeled Duodenum, sectioned (back) and fade it. Locate the places where the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct enter the duodenum. Common bile duct Mucosa Submucosa Serosa Pancreatic duct Longitudinal muscle layer Circular muscle layer 12 4. Which is the shortest section of the small intestine? 5. Which is the longest section of the small intestine? 6. Find the junction of the ileum and the large intestine. Fade the ileum and locate the ileocecal sphincter. What is the function of this sphincter? Transverse colon Ascending colon Cecum Appendix Taenia coli Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Anal canal 15 10. Pancreatic digestive secretions include: a. ___________ to buffer acidic gastric juices. b. ___________ to dilute acidic gastric juices. c. ___________ to continue chemical digestion in the small intestine. TIME TO PRACTICE! GO TO THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM QUIZZES AND TAKE QUIZ 1, 9, AND 10 (OVERVIEW, DIGESTIVE, PANCREAS, AND GALL BLADDER). 16 G. Head Cross Section In the Views menu, scroll over to Cross Sections. Scroll down to the Head (Sagittal) sections and select 1. Head (Midsagittal). Identify the following structures: 1. Orbicularis (lips) 2. Tongue 3. Hard palate 4. Soft palate 5. Oral cavity 6. Laryngopharynx 7. Select any tooth H. Thorax Cross Section Go back to the Cross Sections menu and find the Thorax sections. Select 2. Thorax (T03-T04). The view displays an inferior view. Identify the following structures: 1. Right and left lungs 2. Right and left brachiocephalic veins 3. Aortic arch 4. Trachea 5. Esophagus 6. T04 vertebra 17 I. Abdominal Cross Section Go back to the Cross Sections menu and find the Abdomen sections. Select 2. Abdomen (T12-L01). The view displays an inferior view. Identify the following structures: 1. Peritoneum 2. Three liver segments (medial segment, anteromedial segment, and right anterolateral segment) 3. Gall bladder 4. Right and left kidneys 5. Lesser omentum 6. L01 Vertebra 7. Stomach 8. Pancreas (body and tail) 9. Descending aorta 10. Inferior vena cava 11. Spleen Select the right-hand arrow in the title box to go to the next abdominal section (L01-L02). Identify the following structures: 1. Peritoneum 2. Stomach 3. Transverse colon (both parts, on either side of the stomach) 4. Spleen 5. Right and left kidneys 6. Duodenum 7. Inferior vena cava 8. Descending aorta 9. L01 vertebra 20 Source: Digestive System Views: View 6. Alimentary Canal 21 Source: Digestive System Views: View 1. Upper Digestive System 22 Source: Digestive System Views: View 3. Salivary Glands 25 Source: Digestive System Views: View 2. Lower Digestive System 26 Source: Digestive System Views: View 2. Lower Digestive System 27 Source: Digestive System Views: View 2. Lower Digestive System