Laboratory Activities of Equipment, Techniques for Small Farm | ABT 142, Lab Reports of Biology

Download Laboratory Activities of Equipment, Techniques for Small Farm | ABT 142 and more Lab Reports Biology in PDF only on Docsity! ABT 142 LABORATORY ACTIVITIES SPRING 2005 WEEK/NO. PROBLEM PAGE 1 MAINTENANCE OF FARM MACHINERY 2 2 TILLAGE TOOL OF CHOICE 8 3 PLANTER SET–UP AND CALIBRATION 10 4 FERTILIZER AND SPRAYER SET–UP AND 20 CALIBRATION 5 IRRIGATION SYSTEM OF CHOICE 26 6 NO ASSIGNMENT 28 7 HARVEST TOOL/MACHINE OF CHOICE 29 8 NO WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT 31 9 SHOP MACHINE OR TOOL OF CHOICE 32 10 NO WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT 34 2 ABT 142 LAB 1 ASSIGNMENT MAINTENANCE OF FARM MACHINERY CONTENT PAGE MAINTENANCE OF FARM MACHINERY 3 OUTLINE OF LABORATORY ACTIVITIES 4 TRACTOR INFORMATION AND MAINTENANCE 5 SUMMARY DOCUMENT GENERIC CRANKCASE OIL AND FILTER 6 CHANGING INSTRUCTIONS LAB WRITE–UP 7 5 ABT 142 LAB 1 ASSIGNMENT NAME DATE TRACTOR INFORMATION AND MAINTENANCE SUMMARY DOCUMENT GENERAL INFORMATION ITEM SOURCE INFORMATION Tractor make and model: Operator’s manual Location of the tractor serial number (Product Identification Number): See operator’s manual for location Number of engine cylinders: Operator’s manual Engine displacement (cubic inches): Operator’s manual FLUIDS ITEM SOURCE INFORMATION Fuel tank capacity (gal.): Operator’s manual Cooling system capacity (gal.): Operator’s manual Required anti–freeze at 40% of cooling system capacity (gal.) By calculation Engine oil capacity with filter (qts.): Operator’s manual Recommended oil and filter change interval (engine hours) Operator’s manual Recommended SAE Viscosity Grade of engine oil if ambient operating temperature will always be above 40º farenheit: Operator’s manual Hydraulic (transmission/rear axle) oil system capacity (gal.): Operator’s manual 6 GENERIC CRANKCASE OIL AND FILTER CHANGING INSTRUCTIONS I. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT NEEDED A. Wrench for drain plug. 1. An adjustable or “crescent” type of wrench is normally adequate. B. Wrench for loosening and tightening oil filter. 1. An oil filter type of wrench that tightens around the body of the “spin–on” type of oil filter. C. Clean rags. D. New oil of grade and type recommended for your tractor/vehicle. 1. See operator’s manual for recommended grade and type. E. New oil filter cartridge. 1. “Spin–on” type are the most common. F. Container to catch old oil. 1. Be sure that the container is adequate in size to catch the oil held in the crankcase for your particular tractor/vehicle. G. Container for storage of old oil. 1. Normally an old 55 gallon barrel that contained new oil. H. Oil filling spout. I. Absorbant for oil spills and drips (kitty litter will work!). II. CHANGING OIL AND FILTER A. Operate the engine until it reaches normal operating temperature. 1. This is important such that the oil becomes warm and fluid enough to drain out rapidly and fully. B. Remove the magnetic (normally) drain plug and allow oil to drain for several minutes. 1. Inspect the plug for metal filings/parts/etc. 2. Lightly tap the plug against a hard surface to dislodge adhering metal. C. Remove the oil filter cartridge and place it such that it drains out into the container used to catch the oil from the crankcase. D. Replace and retighten the drain plug. E. Place a small amount of oil on the rubber gasket on the new oil filter cartridge. F. Install the new oil filter cartridge on the engine. 1. Do not overtighten – just snug it on. G. Refill the crankcase with new oil. 1. Be aware of the amount required – see the operator’s manual for amount required. Note that the specifications will normally give the amount of oil required with and without a new oil filter. H.Start the engine and operate it for a few minutes a low RPM. I. Check for oil leaks. 1. Note the drain plug and around the base of the new oil filter. J. Check oil level on the dipstick. 7 LAB 1 LAB WRITE–UP I. LAB WRITE-UP A. Accurately and completely fill out the form on page 5, “Tractor Information and Information Summary Document” and turn page 5. 1 0 ABT 142 LAB 3 ASSIGNMENT PLANTER SET–UP AND CALIBRATION NAME DATE CONTENT PAGE ROW CROP PLANTER CALCULATIONS, SET–UP AND 11 CALIBRATION FOR FIELD CORN (40 POINTS) PUSH–TYPE ROW CROP PLANTER SET–UP AND CALIBRATION 12 FOR PROCESSING TOMATOES (30 POINTS) PUSH–TYPE ROW CROP PLANTER SET–UP AND CALIBRATION 13 FOR FIELD CORN (30 POINTS) ADDENDUM 14 LAB WRITE–UP 19 1 1 Exercise #1 Row Crop Planter Calculations, Set–up, and Calibration Field Corn Equipment and supplies: John Deere 70 Flexi–planter 24–cell plastic seed plate Field corn seed (Note: the field corn has been treated with chemicals - don't eat it!) - Net weight of corn in bag is 54.0 pounds - Approximately 80,000 kernels in the 54.0 pound bag Problem: 1. When you buy your field corn seed, your seed dealer gives you (more likely, will sell you) a 24–cell seed plate, and tells you that you should plant this variety approximately 8 inches apart (down–the–row) on 30–inch beds. You will plant one seed at each drop location. 2. From the above information, calculate the seeding rate (see paragraph II.A.1.a. and b., page 16, in the attached addendum). A. Seeding rate (seeds per acre): __________ B. Seeding rate (pounds/acre): __________ 3. Make calculations to choose the drive sprockets (see paragraph II.B.1.a. thru e., page 16 in the attached addendum). A. Rear (drive) sprocket: __________ B. Front (driven) sprocket: __________ 4. Install your chosen sprockets, and the seed plate. 5. Calibrate the seeder and enter your results below (see paragraph II.C.1 thru 5, page 17, in the attached addendum): A. Desired seed spacing = 8" down–the–row B. Calibrated (actual) seed spacing: __________ 6. After you have completed this exercise, remove the sprockets and the seed plate from the planter. 1 2 Exercise #2 Push–Type Row Crop Planter Field Calibration Processing Tomato Seed Equipment and supplies: Planet Jr. “Wiggle” planter Processing tomato seed - 154,210 seeds per pound Problem: 1. You are setting up and calibrating your push–type row crop planter. You will be planting in rows that are spaced 60 inches apart. You wish to plant at the rate of approximately 1 pound per acre. 2. Set the metering device to the indicator that most closely resembles tomato seed. 3. From the above information, perform a calibration of the unit (see paragraph III.A.and B., page 18 in the attached addendum). Enter accumulated information below: Diameter of the planter wheel (d) inches Row spacing in feet (FS) feet Seed count (SC) seeds per pound Number of seeds collected (NS) seeds Number of revolutions of drive wheel (NR) revolutions 4. Perform the calculation to determine your actual planting rate in pounds of seed per acre. Seeding rate pounds per acre 1 5 I. TERMINOLOGY A. Desired final plant population (plants per acre). 1. PP variable name. 2. The number of plants per acre at harvest time that optimizes yield and quality for your particular growing conditions. B. Survival percentage. 1. SP variable name. 2. Percentage of planted seeds producing plants. a. Dependent upon germination percentage of seed (see seed tag), soil temperture, planting depth, water availability, etc.. b. May range between 40 and 90%. C. Seed count. 1. SC variable name. 2. Number of seeds per pound. a. See seed tag on the bag/sack/can of seed. This will normally give the number of seeds in the container as well as the net weight of seeds in the container. D. Seeding rate. 1. SR is variable name for seeds per acre (precision planting). 2. SRP is variable name for pounds of seed per acre (dribble seed planting). E. Furrow spacing. 1. FS is variable name. 2. Distance between adjacent furrows, centerline to centerline. F. Seed spacing. 1. SS is variable name. 2. Distance between seed down-the-row in inches in precision plantings. G. Number of seeds dropped at each seeding location. 1. NS is the variable name. H. Number of rows of seeds planted between adjacent furrows (i.e., on the bedtop). 1. NRS is the variable name. 1 6 II. ROW CROP PLANTER CALCULATIONS, SET-UP AND CALIBRATION A. Calculations: 1. Seeding rate (seeds per acre): SR = (43560)(144)(NS)(NRS) ÷ (SS)(FS) where, SR = seeding rate in seeds per acre NS = number of individual seeds dropped at each location (i.e., 1, 2, 3, etc.) NRS = number of rows of seeds planted between adjacent furrows (i.e., on the bedtop). SS = down-the-row seed spacing in inches FS = furrow spacing in inches 2. Seeding rate (pounds/acre): SRP = SR ÷ SC Where, SRP = seeding rate in pounds per acre SR = seeding rate in seeds per acre SC = seed count in seeds per pound (available from the seed tag on the seed bag, i.e., number of seeds in the bag ÷ net weight of seeds in the bag) 3. Seed order (total pounds) SO = SRP x A where, SO = total seed order in pounds SRP = seeding rate in pounds per acre A = acres planted B. Set-up: 1. Typical on-farm selection of seed plate and sprockets: a. C is known (count the number of cells in the seed plate or note the stamp on the plate which will give the number). b. SS is known (the down-the-row seed spacing recommended by the seed company). c. Calculate the "desired GT" from the formula: GT = SS x C Where, SS = Desired seed spacing in inches C = Number of cells in the seed plate. GT = Ground travel of the planter for one revolution of the seed plate in inches (determined by sprockets and gear ratio in planter) d. From the "available GT's" (see the chart on the following page which is a reproduction of the chart on the planter ), select the "available GT" that most closely matches the "desired GT" calculated value in step c above. e. From the same chart, use the sprockets corresponding to the selected GT. 1 7 SEEDING RATE CHART FOR JOHN DEERE 70 PLANTER REAR FRONT SPROCKET SPROCKET GT (GROUND TRAVEL IN INCHES) 2 2 1 1 6 0 2 0 1 1 6 6 2 2 1 4 7 6 2 0 1 4 8 4 1 4 1 1 9 4 2 2 2 0 1 0 9 1 4 1 4 1 2 0 2 0 2 0 1 2 0 2 0 2 2 1 3 2 1 1 1 4 1 5 2 1 4 2 0 1 7 1 1 4 2 2 1 8 9 1 1 2 0 2 1 8 1 1 2 2 2 4 0 C. Calibration of the row crop planter: l. Measure the drive wheel diameter in inches. 2. Install the correct planter seed plate, sprockets and chain and fill the hopper with seed. 3. With the planter raised off the ground and a collection bucket below the seed tube, rotate the drive wheeel by hand ten times. a. This simulates the planter moving down the row a distance (D), where, D = 3.l4l7 x Wheel diameter (inches) x number of revolutions 4. Collect and count the seeds dropped during the l0 revolutions of the drive wheel. 5. Calculate and compare the actual seed spacing with the desired seed spacing. Actual seed spacing = D ÷ Number of seeds collected 2 0 ABT 142 LAB 4 ASSIGNMENT FERTILIZER AND SPRAYER SET–UP AND CALIBRATION NAME DATE CONTENT PAGE ROW–CROP FERTILIZER RIG SET–UP AND CALIBRATION (50 POINTS) 21 BOOM–SPRAYER SET–UP AND CALIBRATION (50 POINTS) 23 LAB WRITE–UP 25 2 1 Exercise #1 Row–Crop Fertilizer Rig Set–up, and Calibration for Field Corn Equipment and supplies: Clampco fertilizer rig set up for post–emergence injection of granular ammonium sulfate (21 – 0 – 0) fertilizer Problem: 1. You have lost the operator’s manual for your fertilizer injection rig. You wish to get several data points to establish a calibration for the machine. Perform the calibration using ammonium sulfate fertilizer at three different settings (slow, medium and fast) of the feed metering device on the rig. a. Place a quantity of fertilizer in the hopper. b. Measure the furow spacing (in inches) the machine is designed to handle. (1). This results in a value for the variable FS in the formulas below. ENTER YOUR RESULTS HERE: FS = c. Count the total number of fertilizer shanks on the machine. (1). This results in a value for the variable NT in the formulas below. ENTER YOUR RESULTS HERE: NT = d. Count the total number of beds the machine is designed to fertilize. (1). This results in a value for the variable NB in the formulas below. ENTER YOUR RESULTS HERE: NB = e. Set the flow control mechanism for the hydraulic motor(s) on the fertilizer rig to the first of three different settings. (1). It’s a good idea to mark the settings so that you can return to the settings or interpolate between them if necessary. (2). Try the hydraulics to be sure that the metering devices are turning in the proper direction. f. Turn on the tractor, set the engine RPM at rated speed, and begin catching fertilizer from the fertilizer shanks for a specified amount of time. (1). Catch fertilizer separately from each of two tubes for 15 seconds. g. Weigh the fertilizer and record your results below: FEED METERING DEVICE RATE SETTING Weight collected from tube #1 (ounces) Weight collected from tube #2 (ounces) Average weight per tube (ounces) (AWT) Average pounds per minute per tube1 (APT) Slow Medium Fast 1Note: Average pounds per minute per tube (APT) APT = (AWT)(3.75) ÷ T where, T = amount of time fertilizer collected in seconds AWT = average weight per tube in ounces h. Repeat steps e. thru g. for each of the the three flow rate settings. 2 2 2. Calculate and present your results in the form of pounds per acre fertilization rate vs. forward operating speed in miles per hour. The relation is: AR = (NT)(APT)(5940) ÷ (FS)(NB)(S) The above comes from: AR = (NT x APT) ÷ AM where, AR = application rate in pounds per acre of fertilizer material NT = number of tubes on the machine (see paragraph 1.c. on the preceding page) APT = Average pounds per minute per tube = (see results from the table in paragraph 1.g. on the preceding page) and, AM = acres per minute where, AM = [(FS ÷ 12)(NB)][(88.0)(S)] ÷ 43560 = (FS)(NB)(S) ÷ 5940 where, FS = furrow spacing in inches (see paragraph 1.b. on the preceding page) NB = number of beds fertilized by the machine (see paragraph 1.d. on the preceding page) S = operating speed in miles per hour APPLICATION RATE (LBS. PER ACRE) MILES PER HOUR SLOW MEDIUM FAST 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 3. What speed and feed metering device rate setting would you use to deliver approximately 150 pounds per acre of nitrogen? a. Convert application rate in pounds of fertilizer material per acre to application rate in pounds of primary nutrient per acre. ARN = AR x (PN ÷ 100) where, ARN = application rate in pounds of primary nutrient per acre AR = application rate in pounds per acre of fertilizer material PN = percent of the primary nutrient (equals 46% for urea or 21% for ammonium sulfate) b. Redo the table to express your results in pounds of primary nutrient per acre vs. forward operating speed in miles per hour. APPLICATION RATE (LBS. PRIMARY NUTRIENT PER ACRE) (ARN) MILES PER HOUR SLOW MEDIUM FAST 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 b. Indicate with circles on the above table, which speed and setting comes closest to providing 150 pounds of nitrogen per acre. 2 5 LAB 4 LAB WRITE–UP I. LAB WRITE-UP A. Complete all information required in Exercises #1 and #2 and submit the exercise forms one week after this lab. Turn in page 20 stapled to Exercises #1 and #2. 2 6 ABT 142 LAB 5 ASSIGNMENT IRRIGATION SYSTEM OF CHOICE NAME DATE I. LAB WRITE-UP (75 POINTS) A. Provide a written document (at least a single page in length) that discusses an irrigation system or irrigation product of your choice. This specific irrigation system should be one that may be used on “your farm”. Information may include types, sizes available, uses, manufacturers, cost, etc. Site your references. II. INTERNET SEARCH ASSIGNMENT (25 POINTS) A. Search the Internet for a site that is somehow related to what was accomplished in Lecture 5 – Water Development and Irrigation Systems. 1. Fill out the Internet Search Form attached in relation to the site that you found most interesting/useful. III. TURN IN BOTH WRITTEN DOCUMENTS THE WEEK AFTER THIS LAB. A. Staple this page with your lab write–up and internet search results. 2 7 ABT 142 LAB 5 ASSIGNMENT IRRIGATION SYSTEM OF CHOICE INTERNET SEARCH RESULTS SEARCH ENGINE USED (SUCH AS ALTAVISTA, YAHOO,ETC.): KEYWORD(S) USED FOR SEARCH: NAME AND URL OF MY VALUABLE/INTERESTING SITE: NAME: URL: ATTACH A COPY OF YOUR SEARCH RESULTS (I.E., PRINT OUT THE FIRST PAGE (OR MORE) OF THE SITE: 3 0 ABT 142 LAB 7 ASSIGNMENT HARVEST TOOL/MACHINE OF CHOICE INTERNET SEARCH RESULTS SEARCH ENGINE USED (SUCH AS ALTAVISTA, YAHOO,ETC.): KEYWORD(S) USED FOR SEARCH: NAME AND URL OF MY VALUABLE/INTERESTING SITE: NAME: URL: ATTACH A COPY OF YOUR SEARCH RESULTS (I.E., PRINT OUT THE FIRST PAGE (OR MORE) OF THE SITE: 3 1 ABT 142 LAB 8 ASSIGNMENT NO ASSIGNMENT!!! 3 2 ABT 142 LAB 9 ASSIGNMENT SHOP MACHINE OR TOOL OF CHOICE NAME DATE I. LAB WRITE-UP (75 POINTS) A. Provide a written document (at least a single page in length) that discusses in detail a shop tool or machine of your choice (hand or machine powered). Information may include types, sizes available, uses, manufacturers, cost, etc. Site your references. II. INTERNET SEARCH ASSIGNMENT (25 POINTS) A. Search the Internet for a site that is somehow related to what was accomplished in Lecture 9 – Useful Stuff and Shop Tools. 1. Fill out the Internet Search Form attached in relation to the site that you found most interesting/useful. III. TURN IN BOTH WRITTEN DOCUMENTS THE WEEK AFTER THIS LAB. A. Staple this page with your lab write–up and internet search results.