Download Historical Development of Agriculture: From Ancient Times to the Green Revolution and more Slides Marketing Management in PDF only on Docsity! 4 Shawn McKenzie MPH from UNC-Chapel Hill Program Officer for UNICEF and Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs Assistant Director, Center for a Livable Future CLF Program Director, Farming for the Future Docsity.com 5 Scope of This Lecture Provide some historical context Set the stage for course topics to follow Docsity.com 9 Source: Adapted from Foley et al. (2005). Science, 309. Land Use Transitions Docsity.com 10 Origins of Agriculture Until 8000 BC, nomadic hunter-gatherers Then people began to grow food, domesticate animals, live in settlements Why did humans move to agriculture? - Population pressures? Docsity.com 11 The Fertile Crescent Wikimedia Commons. GNU Free Documentation License. Docsity.com 14 Agricultural Timeline (8000 BC to AD 1600 ) Docsity.com 15 The 11th Century Draft horse and plow came into use, greatly increasing farmers’ ability to cultivate larger fields Farmers learned how to maintain soil fertility, but cereal yields reached a plateau Increased concentration and larger areas of land under cultivation - Food surpluses enabled peasants to more easily move to cities Docsity.com Agricultural Timeline (1600 to 1960)
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19 The 1900s 1927—world population reached 2 billion Nitrogen fertilizers—Haber-Bosch process Traction power contributed to the expansion of farm size and decline in farm numbers First time that the land area available for cropping became a limiting factor Increased crop yields prioritized Photo Source: Hinrich via Wikimedia Commons. Some rights reserved. Docsity.com 20 “Industrial” Agriculture 1960—world population reached 3 billion Industrial methods in agriculture well established in U.S. and other Western nations Chemical inputs for agriculture greatly increased Mechanized methods of farming and food production became the norm Industrial food-animal production begins: large numbers of animals confined in crowded indoor facilities Dramatic increases in yields—with significant hidden costs Photo by Our Enchanted Garden via flickr.com. Some rights reserved. Docsity.com 21 The Green Revolution Planned international effort to eliminate hunger by improving crop performance - Increase yields—new crops, irrigation, fertilizers, pesticides, mechanization - Increasing technological knowledge/use - Supplying materials to farmers Norman Borlaug considered the father of the Green Revolution - Won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 Photo by peter vandeput via flickr.com. Some rights reserved. Docsity.com
