LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET MUTATION, Lecture notes of Biology

Download LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET MUTATION and more Lecture notes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! Republic of pines: aDepartment of Goucation REGION V - BICOL SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF TABACO CITY SAN ANTONIO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET in SCIENCE 10 Name of Student: Grade Level: 10 Date: MUTATION : CHANGES IN THE GENETIC CODE Introductory Concept: When you copy something from the chalkboard, sometimes you may make mistakes. In similar way, mistakes may occur when DNA is replicated. When code is changed, a different message may result. Any change in the sequence of nitrogenous bases in the DNA, any mistake in transcription of genetic information from DNA to RNA or pairing of codon and anticodon may cause mutation. A mutation is any change in the base sequence of DNA. Mutations may affect only one gene or they may affect whole chromosomes. Now, perform the following activities to help you visualize some chromosomal mutations. Learning Skills from the MELCs: *explain how mutations may cause changes in the structure and function of a protein S10LT-IIle-38 Activities: Activity 1 Is it a MISTAKE or a CHANGE? Objective: explain how mutations may cause changes in the structure and function of a protein Materials: pen and paper A. Read the two sentences below. THE DOG BIT THE CAT. THE DOG BIT THE CAR. 1. What happens when a single letter in the first sentence is changed? 2. If this change happen in the nitrogenous base of a DNA strand, what will happen to the amino acids? What will happen to the protein structure and function? B. Read again the two sentences below. THE DOG BIT THE CAT. THE DOG ITT HEC AT. 3. What was deleted? Would the result be the same if there would be an addition of single base? What will happen if a single base is deleted from a DNA strand? What might happen if an incorrect amino acid was inserted in a growing protein chain during the process of translation? Do you think this will affect the structure of the entire molecule? C. Study the sequence of a normal hemoglobin and the one affected by mutation. Morwat ~ "Gemamanc Sek E$e LE Portia WA Sequel GAG GAG Pace ci ‘Seqmence tor Bets Ghotsin: (Hernopiatice Mictenetie as | | i i ‘A fe 6. What nitrogenous base was missense that caused the mutation? What amino acid was produced from the aberration? Is there a change in the amino acid sequence for hemoglobin? 7. What happened to the red blood cell after mutation? What is this genetic disorder? 8. What may happen to a person with this genetic disorder? ACTIVITY 2 Performance Task: Chromie Change Objectives: Illustrate the kinds of chromosomal mutations differentiate the kinds of chromosomal mutations explain how mutations may cause changes in the structure and function of a protein Materials: used illustration board or hard carboard , clay / colored paper (red, blue, yellow, pink) Procedure: A. Translocation 1. Using modelling clay /colored paper of two chromosomes. One should have a different color and size from the other. 2. Break one part of each chromosomes. Exchange the parts and attach them to each of the other chromosomes. See illustration . 3. Fillin the second column (translocation) of the table. B. Deletion 1. Make a model of a chromatid (one of the duplicated copies of chromosomes) 2. When done, remove a potion of it (close to the either end of chromosomes or within the long arm or short arm). If you choose to remove a part within the arms, be sure to join back the bottom part. See sample illustration. 3. Fillin the third column (deletion) of the table. C. Inversion 1. Make acolored chromatid as shown on the right. 2. This time break a portion (with 2 colors) of it. Refer to the illustration below. or 3. Reinsert it to the chromatid i in reverse manner. | 4. Fill in the fourth column (inversion) of the table. Questions CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS Translocation _| Deletion Inversion 1. How many chromosomes are involved? 2. How did you change the original structure of the chromosomes? 3. What conditions do you think result to the changes of chromosome material? Please use the words loss, gain , either loss or gain of genetic material?