Understanding Learning Disabilities & ADHD in Middle Childhood: IDEA, Signs, & Treatments, Slides of Developmental Psychology

Download Understanding Learning Disabilities & ADHD in Middle Childhood: IDEA, Signs, & Treatments and more Slides Developmental Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Docsity.com 3/5/2009 1 The Basic Definition in Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) “Learning disability” = umbrella term IN GENERAL: – disorder is found in one or more of basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language, spoken or written – disorder may manifest itself in imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations 3/5/2009 2 Developmental Reading Disability Dyslexia affects 2 to 8 percent of elementary school children Reading difficulties Inability to separate sounds in words Problems sounding out words Docsity.com 3/5/2009 3 Developmental Writing Disabilities Writing involves several brain areas and functions (dysgraphia) Brain networks for vocabulary, grammar, hand movement, and memory must all be in good working order Developmental writing disorder may result from problems in any of these areas 3/5/2009 4 Developmental Arithmetic Disability Arithmetic involves recognizing numbers and symbols, memorizing facts, aligning numbers, and understanding abstract concepts like place value and fractions Any of these may be difficult for children with developmental arithmetic disorders, also called dyscalculia Docsity.com Chapter 4: Middle Childhood Module 4.2 Intellectual Development in Middle Childhood INTELLECTUAL AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT IN MIDDLE CHILDHOOD Docsity.com Intellectual Development: Piaget Concrete operational stage Between 7 and 12 years Characterized by active and appropriate use of logic • Logical operations applied to concrete problems • Conservation problems; reversibility; time and speed, decentering How does preoperational thought emerge? Shift from preoperational thought to concrete operational thought does not happen overnight – Children shift back and forth between preoperational and concrete operational thinking – Once concrete operational thinking is fully engaged, children show several cognitive advances Docsity.com Piaget was Right…and Wrong Right – Virtuoso observer of children – Powerful theoretical, educational implications Wrong – Underestimate of children’s capabilities, in part because of the limited nature of mini-experiments conducted – Misjudged age at which children’s cognitive abilities emerge – Neglected cross-cultural differences Information Processing Increasing ability to handle information at this age – Memory improvement – Short term memory capacity improvement