Blood Coagulation and Wound Healing: Key Factors and Processes, Quizzes of Engineering

Download Blood Coagulation and Wound Healing: Key Factors and Processes and more Quizzes Engineering in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 von willebrand factor DEFINITION 1 Von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a blood glycoprotein involved in hemostasis. important in wound healing, large adhesive glycoprotein, produced by endothelial cells.**functions: stabilizes factor VIII and essential for platelet adhesion TERM 2 Tissue factor DEFINITION 2 is a protein present in subendothelial tissue, platelets, and leukocytes necessary for the initiation of thrombin formation from the zymogen prothrombin. expressed by cells not in contact with blood TERM 3 thrombin DEFINITION 3 Thrombin, also known as coagulation factor II (F2), is a "trypsin-like" serine protease coagulation protein in the blood stream that has many effects in the coagulation cascade. TERM 4 regulation of the clotting cascade DEFINITION 4 almost every protease in the body has a corresponding protein inhibitor**serine inhibits serpins**enzyme antithrobin II inhibits thrombin TERM 5 enzyme antithrombin III DEFINITION 5 during tissue damage, mast cells release heparin, an polysaccharide that enhances the activity of antithrombin III. However, it is not very effective against fibrin bound thrombin, so its role is to limit thrombin activity away from the site of clotting TERM 6 protein C DEFINITION 6 activated by thrombin clot formation, initial step in dismantling the blood clotting cascade. a serine protease that targets factors V & VIII, by targeting these factors the growth of the clot material is slowed and eventually stopped TERM 7 macrophages produce what biologically active products DEFINITION 7 proteases, chemotactic factors, coagulation factors, growth promoting factors, cytokines, growth factors (for the growth of fibroblasts and blood vessels and the regeneration of epithelial cells) TERM 8 fibroblasts role in wound repair DEFINITION 8 **migrate to wound site,**activated in response to PDGF,FGF and TGF-beta,**produce extracellular matrix**produce VEGF- stimulate angiogenesis,**differentiation into myofibroblasts- smooth muscle and such,**contraction of wound-fibrous encapsulation TERM 9 granulation tissue DEFINITION 9 **hallmark of early stage of healing**derives its name from the pink, soft granular appearance of the surface of healing wounds**may be seen as early as 3-5 days following implantation of a biomaterial**new small blood vessels are formed by budding or sprouting of preexisting vessels in a process known as "newovascularization" TERM 10 angiogenesis DEFINITION 10 growth of new blood vessels, **under normal conditions, angiogenesis is quiescent in the adult human and stimulation of new blood vessels is thought to result from an alteration in the local balance of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic growth factors TERM 21 foreign body reaction DEFINITION 21 consists of: **multinucleated foreign body giant cells **macrophages **fibroblasts **capillaries **multinucleated foreign body giant cells form upon coalescence of macrophages TERM 22 foreign body giant cells DEFINITION 22 fusion of 100s of macrophages and monocytes TERM 23 FBR to biomaterials depends on the what DEFINITION 23 in general geometry and form of implant,**flat and smooth surfaces**relatively rough surfaces**rough surfaces TERM 24 what is the FBR to flat and smooth surfaces DEFINITION 24 FBR is composed of a layer of macrophages one to two cells in thickness TERM 25 what is the FBR to relatively rough surfaces DEFINITION 25 FBR composed of multiple layers of macrophages and foreign body giant cells at the surface TERM 26 what is the FBR to rough surfaces DEFINITION 26 FBR is composed of macrophages and foreign body giant cells with varying degrees of granulation tissue TERM 27 fibrous encapsulation DEFINITION 27 **end stage of healing response **usually four or more weeks after implantation**presence of neutrophiles usggests persisting inflammatory challenge** TERM 28 relatively acellular fibrous capsule DEFINITION 28 **spindle shaped fibroblasts**small number of macrophages TERM 29 what does the presence of neutrophils during fibrous encapsulation suggest DEFINITION 29 suggests persisting inflammatory challenge TERM 30 what does the presence of macrophages suggest during fibrous encapsulation DEFINITION 30 suggests production of small particles by corrosion, depolymerization, dissolution or wear TERM 31 what does the presence of lymphocytes suggest during fibrous encapsulation DEFINITION 31 suggests specific immune response TERM 32 thickness of fibrous encapsulation DEFINITION 32 **thickness of capsule depends on the chemical activity of material**capsule thickness will increase with relative motion between the implant and tissue**capsule will be thicker over sharp edges TERM 33 what are the possible outcomes for the implant with respect to FBR DEFINITION 33 resorption**integration**encapsulation TERM 34 resorption DEFINITION 34 if the implant is resorbalbe then the implant site eventually resolves to a collapsed scar or, in the case of bone, may completely disappear TERM 35 integration DEFINITION 35 very limited occurrence in practice; close approximation of normal host tissue to implant without an intervening capsule