Download Lecture Notes on Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules | CHEM 1120 and more Study notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! Chapter 14 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules
Learning Objectives:
1. Identify compounds with carbonyl group as aldehydes or ketones.
2. Provide both IUPAC and common names for aldehydes or ketones.
3. Recognize the differences in physical properties of aldehydes or ketones as compared
to alcohols, phenols, ethers and thiols.
4, Recognize the oxidation and reduction of aldehydes or ketones.
5. Write the products of addition of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
6. Identify chiral and achiral carbons in molecules.
Sections:
14.1 Aldehydes and Ketones
14.2 Physical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
14.3. Oxidation and Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones
14.4 Addition Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones
14.5 Chiral Molecules
Recommended additional problems
14.45, 14.47, 14.49, 14.53, 14.55, 14.61, 14.63, 14.65
14.1 Aldehydes and Ketones
A. Structure of the carbonyl group
A A A
B. Nomenclature of aldehydes
C. Nomenclature of ketones
NNN
og
14.2 Physical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
A. Boiling points
B. Solubility in water
OH
B. Addition of alcohols: Formation of acetals, hemiacetals, ketals and hemiketals
R'Q, OH
HOR' HO
(2 equivaients)
RQ, OR
HOR' H,0
(2 equivalents)
C. Cyclic hemiacetals
Know the bond distance between carbonyl groups and hydroxyl groups.
9
9
Ho A AA
H HO H
L j ANAK
wo AAA Ko
H
14.5 Chiral Molecules
Important Terminologies: achiral, chiral, plane of symmetry, mirror image, enantiomer
and stereocenter
A. Chiral carbon atoms
fa) tb)
‘Hntaiaie, Genera! Organic, anc Biologloal Chamisins. Copyright® Pearson Eaecation kea., publishing as Benjamin tasciminge:
Rotate
Achiral Mirror
ci Br
Br
These are the same structures
Timberlake, General, Organic, and Biologics! Chemistry, Copyrinht Pearson Erimation Inc, publishing as Benjamin Cummioge:
Trick for identifying chiral carbons: look for four different substituent or two identical
substituents.
