Lecture Notes on Proteins and Amino Acids | FDNS 2100, Study notes of Nutrition

Download Lecture Notes on Proteins and Amino Acids | FDNS 2100 and more Study notes Nutrition in PDF only on Docsity! Chapter 6 – The Proteins and Amino Acids Amino Acids = Building Blocks of Protein  Proteins are sequences of aminos acids (AA)  Types of AA - Essential must come from diet - Nonessential can be made in body Protein ** 20 different amino acids (AA) ** 9 are essential amino acids (EAA) Protein Structure  Primary structure = Chain of AA - Sequence of AA determines shape - Shape determines function Protein Structure Protein Denaturation:  Irreversible change in a protein’s shape  Brought about by heat, acid, or other agents  Disrupts function e.g. hardening of an egg due to cooking or curdling of milk when heating Protein Synthesis  Requires that all essential AA available!  Controlled by DNA  DNA is a template for synthesis of mRNA Protein Synthesis cont…  The sequence of AA is determined from a subunit of DNA = gene  Sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function What is an error occurs?  Errors in protein synthesis may alter protein’s function - Example sickle cell anemia Sickle Cell Anemia  Caused by error in DNA  single error in AA sequence of protein, hemoglobin (in red blood cells)  Red blood cells rigid, sticky, sickle-shaped - Block arteries - Cells die at 10-20 days (normal = 120 days)  Signs - Anemia, pain, in chest, infections, stunted growth, vision problems Functions of Body Protein  Structural and mechanical functions - Collagen - Motor protein