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Figure : Zonation in deep lake showing gradient of light and oxygen
Uitoral zone — Exposed to wave action and is highly productive
Limnetic zone > Open water body, rich in planktons.
Euphotic zone > Receives maximum light above light compensation point.
Zone —> Receives diffuse light at or below light compensation point. Also known as twilight zone,
(Dark) zone — No light
ZONS — It is the bottom zone of perpetual darkness.
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characteristics of the soil are studied with the help of soll profile. The smallest tres Um
volume of soil required to study its profile is called pedon. Most soils possess 3-4 horizons
of sub horizons. A soil horizon is a horizontal layer approximately parallel to sol surtaet
distinctive properties which are unlike the ones present in adjoining regions. In general, @ profile
of O, A, B, C & R horizons.
——__— 0,
a
Partly decomposed 2
Ce Humus zone”
a4 Eluviation zone
nr
Iluviation zone
Mluviation 4
Small pieces of rock
Larger pieces of rock
Xs
Tor Soir
a
Sue Solr
oO
w
zo
Parent / Bed rock
|
| \
Pre
Fig.: Hypothetical diagram of the soil profile to show Hence
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alternato| at dna cooling, alternate wetting and crying
Heshestig sei solubilization reactions to
Noyes
AA bssinbashh nd wind.
i | Je | ts
400 preakithe rock.) 0) | Hi [|
cm Weathering tt occu ‘le tise activity of 1 vee etc.
a] |
2.) eee] | 1 Wit "| \
It is, addition of org; ani i at ¢ or huhu
biological activity and nvbona cycling,
Male f functions of humus.a |
formation of soil crumbs,
“therefore, jeney for penetration by the roots.
hil
MAT Pa Aint im
rrr for Manet is essential for starting
i | 1 1) by :
sion of materials i in the soil. euilow is washing -
enriching the ° different layers of soil with minerals.
These'h two processe bring about transpo
i down! ‘ofr materials from upper strata, Eluvis
iMluviation: is ‘deposition of i ished down als in|
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Soll Composition : Soll consists of four components, two solid and two non-eolld. A fifth component of
variable nature Is soll organiems, The proportion of different components i)
Mineral Perticies 40%
e er 10%
: : 25%
25%
} sou components
} Non-eolld components
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distance wi
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winter
sot hos pi
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Se ree
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y
Expand raul serge
a,
NAL anal
Main acason Sneha
C- Poskiod| Limited
Aavialow +=
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C: Poskiad! Limited
et Atyuhatios-
ap de winter tReet |= Orrganiant ticle
map dp extucte)| hawt Hs ood
> Svives (m % a
\ ¥ \ Ae aoicer
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