Europe's Road to Reformation: Transformations (1250-1517), Study notes of Christianity

Download Europe's Road to Reformation: Transformations (1250-1517) and more Study notes Christianity in PDF only on Docsity! < ky: vas a xt eR crak oe Ne Vas. } vA) vA) vie Behe . ae “a i ea hs re i i hae ng ee a Ae a he Major Issues: 1. Economy 2. Society 3. Politics 4. Education 5. Technology 6. Theology Societal Tensions • Humiliati – Unlicensed preachers who aimed at a purer moral life (condemned in 1179) their popularity led to a number of different types emerging and finally approval in 1201. • Flagellants - sought to engage in public acts of penance (beating themselves with whips until they bled) to avert God’s wratth from themselves and society. • Waldensians – founded by Peter Waldo and condemned in 1184 for refusing to submit to corrupt priests. They initially sought only to preach, to read the Bible in their own language and poverty. Condemnation led to harsher criticism of the Church (sacraments not valid). • Cathari (Albigensians)-dualistic view of flesh and spirit resulting in the rejection of marriage, meat, and material objects in worship. They rejected hell, purgatory, infant Baptism. 3. Politics 1. Lords, Bourgeoisie and Serfs each struggle to adjust to new roles as a result of economic changes. 2. Traditional conflicts between the Pope and Kings increase in intensity as a result of economic pressures and egos. 1. Unum Sanctum is the Papal Decree claiming absolute authority for the Pope (Boniface VIII 1303). 2. “Babylonian Captivity” – Pope forced to live close to King of France (1305-1377) 3. “The Great Schism” – Pope Gregory XII, Antipope Benedict XIII, & Antipope Alexander V all claim the throne simultaneously 1378-1410 3. Rise of Conciliarism begins in 1378 as Councils are viewed as a means of resolving papal and theological disputes. 4. Education 1. Emergence of Universities in 12th & 13th Century promotes higher levels of literacy which leads to proliferation of literature. 2. Humanism as expressed through the Renaissance changes attitudes about the individual self. 3. Greek and Latin literature and art fuel Humanism. 4. The educated become a voice of protest for society: 1. John Wycliffe and the Lollards call for land reform in England (1370’s -) 2. John Huss (1372-1415) – calls for reforms similar to what Luther will call for in the next century 3. William Tyndale (1494-1536) – translated Bible (NT) into English and was executed for it.