Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern, Lecture notes of Printing

Download Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern and more Lecture notes Printing in PDF only on Docsity! Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern 228 Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern 6.1: Learning Activity Overview This lesson builds on Lesson 4 by exploring nutrient requirements in more depth with a focus on nutrients of concern. In this activity, participants first identify nutrients using clues. Once participants have completed that step, they identify the nutrient requirements of a character by examining their food choices. Using a set of food cards, the small groups make suggestions for changes to their character’s diet to help the character meet their nutrient needs. The activity closes with a discussion in which each group shares their character’s food choices and the changes they’ve decided to make. Getting Ready Time Required 45 minutes Materials Needed (Materials provided in the curriculum) For Each Group of 2-4 Participants … Flip chart paper … Markers, pens, or pencils … Calculator … Nutrient Recommendations (Handout 6-B) … Food Choices Worksheet (Activity Sheet 6-D) … Food Sources Cards (Lesson Material 6-E) For the Facilitator Optional: … Lesson 6 (PowerPoint) … Computer … PowerPoint Projector For the Class … Nutrient Mystery (Activity Sheet 6-A) … One Day of Food Choices (Activity Sheet 6-C) For Each Participant … None 232 Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern Preparation Handouts 1. Make copies of the following: • Nutrient Mystery (Activity Sheet 6-A), one or more copies as needed. (Each group will receive one page.) • One Day of Food Choices (Activity Sheet 6-C), one or more copies as needed. (Each group will receive one page, matched to their Nutrient Mystery.) Facilitator Tip: Printing the above handouts in color simplifies matching these during the activity. • Nutrient Recommendations (Handout 6-B), one copy per group. • Food Choices Worksheet (Activity Sheet 6-D), one copy per group. Other Materials 2. Print and cut out copies of the Food Sources Cards (Lesson Material 6-E), one set per group. Facilitator Tip: Printing each of the different nutrients on different colored cardstock will help with organization. Classroom Set-up 3. Organize the class into small groups of 2 to 4 participants. Facilitator Tip: These groups can also be used in future lessons. 4. Provide each group with a sheet of flip chart paper and markers, pens, or pencils to answer opening questions/prompts. Optional 5. Before participants arrive, connect laptop to projector. Load Focus on Food Lesson 6 (PowerPoint). Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern Opening Questions/Prompts Small Group Discussion 1. Say: Let’s get started with Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern! (Slide 1) To begin, I’d like everyone to discuss some opening questions within your group. (Slide 2) Once you’ve discussed the prompts within your groups, we will come back together as a class and discuss your thoughts and responses as a whole. The first prompt I’d like you to discuss within your groups is: • Explain what you know about how or why the nutrient needs of children might be different from adults. (Slide 3) Facilitator Tip: Explain to participants that they may write their answers independently or assign one person in their group to write down everyone’s thoughts. It may be helpful to explain to the class that they will learn more about these topics throughout the lesson. 2. Do: Allow 2 to 3 minutes for groups to discuss the prompt. Repeat with the remaining prompt: • Explain what you know about nutrients children might not be getting enough of (Slide 4) Class Discussion 3. Say: As a class, let’s discuss what you talked about in your groups. What were some of your thoughts on the first prompt, “Explain what you know about how or why the nutrient needs of children might be different from adults?” 4. Do: Allow about a minute for participants to share their thoughts on this topic with the class. Repeat with the remaining prompt: • Explain what you know about nutrients children might not be getting enough of. (Slide 4) Slide 1 Slide 3 Slide 4 Slide 2 236 Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern some nutrient needs may not be met with a typical Western diet. Some suggested prompts: • What can you tell me about your character? • What can you tell me about the foods your character chose? • Explain how you decided which foods to add or swap out. • Explain some of the differences and similarities between what you chose and what you think a student at your school might eat. • What does this suggest to you about some of the nutrients we’re looking at today? Activity Wrap-Up (Sharing, Processing, and Generalizing) 13. Say: As a class, let’s discuss your observations about your character and the meals and snacks you planned for him or her. (Slide 11) 14. Do: Follow the group’s line of thinking, and if necessary, ask more targeted questions. • Describe how you decided which foods to add or swap. • Compare the nutrient needs of the different characters. • What did you notice about the food sources of different nutrients? • Describe what it might mean if they are missing a nutrient. • If not mentioned, guide participants to verbalize: • The teenaged boy and teenaged girl have very different iron needs. • Teenaged girls and women have much higher iron needs due to menstruation. Facilitator Tip: If there are any misconceptions remaining in this phase of the lesson, you should address these now. Slide 10 Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern Concept and Term Discovery/Introduction Over the course of the activity, participants should be able to identify the following concepts: • Several nutrients are identified as nutrients of concern: calcium, vitamin D, fiber, and potassium; iron and folate for certain age groups (while folate was not one of the nutrients they investigated in the activity, it will be discussed in 6.2: Expanding Knowledge). • Nutrient recommendations are different for males versus females and change as children grow. • Growth and puberty are related to changes in nutrient needs. • Some foods are nutrient-dense, while others are not. • School lunch personnel play a role in helping children reach their nutrient needs. The following key vocabulary terms should be discovered by participants or introduced to them: nutrients of concern, well-balanced diet, growth, puberty, and nutrient recommendations. 238 Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern Slide 15 For adults, the main goal of nutrient recommendations is to prevent disease and support health. There are some differences in nutrient needs due to age and gender. For example, men tend to have higher nutrient needs because they often have greater weight and muscle mass compared to women. This isn’t the case for every nutrient. Women need more iron and folate compared to men. We’ll talk about why that is in just a minute. Older adults (50+) have increased needs for calcium and vitamin B6. Slide 16 These are nutrients that a large proportion of Americans are consuming less than recommended. These nutrients of concern include: Potassium; Fiber; Calcium; and Vitamin D. What are some reasons Americans might not be consuming enough of these? [Pause to allow responses from the class.] Slide 17 Pre-menopausal women and adolescent girls have additional nutrients of concern, including folate or folic acid and Iron. Folate or folic acid are important in pregnancy for preventing certain birth defects called neural tube defects. These are a type of brain and spinal cord defect. Women who are menstruating experience iron losses every month, which needs to be replaced. This contributes to the higher iron needs of pre- menopausal women and adolescent girls. Slide 17 Slide 16 Slide 15 242 Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern Slide 18 Here is a graph that shows the changing needs of iron with age. The light blue bars represent iron recommendations for females, while the dark blue bars represent iron recommendations for males. As you can see, the iron recommendations for males stay relatively the same through the years, with slight increases in needs at ages 4-8 and 14-18. But, you can see that in the case of females, the iron recommendations greatly increase between the ages of 14 and 50. What happens around 50 year of age? [Pause to allow responses from the class.] Slide 19 Let’s review some food sources for the nutrients of concern. First, it is important to note that different food groups provide different nutrients of concern. For example, eating enough fruits and vegetables helps with potassium and fiber intake. Eating enough dairy helps with potassium, calcium, and vitamin D intake. Also, enriched grains are fortified with folic acid. What are some other food sources? [Pause to allow responses from the class.] Slide 20 Now, let’s brainstorm the ways in which school meals can contribute to student health. What are some ways the breakfast and lunch meal patterns help children consume nutrients of concern? [Pause to allow responses from the class.] Slide 20 Slide 19 Slide 18 Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern 6.3: Goal Setting Activity Overview In this activity, participants will use what they’ve learned to set a goal to encourage students to choose and consume foods that are good sources of a nutrient of concern. Getting Ready Time Required 5 minutes Materials Needed (Materials provided in the curriculum) For the Facilitator Optional: … Lesson 6 (PowerPoint) … Computer … PowerPoint Projector For Each Group of 2-4 Participants … Food Sources Cards (Lesson Material 6-E) For the Class … None For Each Participant … Goal Setting – Nutrients of Concern (Activity Sheet 6-G) Optional: … Focus on Food Lesson 6 Newsletter (Handout 6-H) Preparation Handouts 1. Make copies of the following handouts: • Goal Setting – Nutrients of Concern (Activity Sheet 6-G), one for each participant. • Optional: Focus on Food Lesson 6 Newsletter (Handout 6-H), one for each participant. Activity Sheet 6-A 246 Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern Nutrient Mystery – Group 2 Use the clue to figure out the nutrients. Your choices are: Iron, Calcium, Potassium, Vitamin D, and Dietary Fiber. Nutrient Amount Recommended For Your Character C lu e 1 I am a type of carbohydrate that can’t be digested, but I am important for digestive health. You can find me in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and seeds. 25 g C lu e 2 I help our bodies absorb and use calcium. You need me for strong bones and a healthy immune system. You can find me in fortified dairy products and certain kinds of fatty fish. The sun helps you make me in your skin. 15 μg C lu e 3 I am important for muscle and nerve function. Eating a diet rich in me is also helpful in preventing high blood pressure. You can find me in fruits and vegetables (especially bananas, oranges, avocados, potatoes, melons, spinach, sweet potato, tomatoes, winter squash, and dried fruit). 4700 mg C lu e 4 I am important in red blood cells to move oxygen around in the blood. You can find me in meat, poultry and seafood, beans and peas (except green peas), spinach and broccoli, baked potatoes with skin, whole grains, fortified grain products, and dried fruit. 15 mg C lu e 5 I am important for bone health and muscle function. You can find me in dairy foods, dark green leafy vegetables, and fish with bones (Sardines, canned salmon). 1300 mg The nutrient recommendations listed above are for a mystery character. Using the Nutrient Recommendations Handout, what do you think is the age and gender of your mystery character? Age: _________ Gender: _________ On the back of the sheet, invent a name and a back story for your character. Activity Sheet 6-A Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern 247 Nutrient Mystery – Group 3 Use the clue to figure out the nutrients. Your choices are: Iron, Calcium, Potassium, Vitamin D, and Dietary Fiber. Nutrient Amount Recommended For Your Character C lu e 1 I am important for muscle and nerve function. Eating a diet rich in me is also helpful in preventing high blood pressure. You can find me in fruits and vegetables (especially bananas, oranges, avocados, potatoes, melons, spinach, sweet potato, tomatoes, winter squash, and dried fruit). 3000 mg C lu e 2 I am important in red blood cells to move oxygen around in the blood. You can find me in meat, poultry and seafood, beans and peas (except green peas), spinach and broccoli, baked potatoes with skin, whole grains, fortified grain products, and dried fruit. 7 mg C lu e 3 I am a type of carbohydrate that can’t be digested, but am important for digestive health. You can find me in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and seeds. 14 g C lu e 4 I am important for bone health and muscle function. You can find me in dairy foods, dark green leafy vegetables, and fish with bones (Sardines, canned salmon). 700 mg C lu e 5 I help our bodies absorb and use calcium. You need me for strong bones and a healthy immune system. You can find me in fortified dairy products and certain kinds of fatty fish. The sun helps you make me in your skin. 15 μg The nutrient recommendations listed above are for a mystery character. Using the Nutrient Recommendations Handout, what do you think is the age and gender of your mystery character? Age: _________ Gender: _________ On the back of the sheet, invent a name and a back story for your character. Activity Sheet 6-A 248 Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern Nutrient Mystery – Group 4 Use the clue to figure out the nutrients. Your choices are: Iron, Calcium, Potassium, Vitamin D, and Dietary Fiber. Nutrient Amount Recommended For Your Character C lu e 1 I am important in red blood cells to move oxygen around in the blood. You can find me in meat, poultry and seafood, beans and peas (except green peas), spinach and broccoli, baked potatoes with skin, whole grains, fortified grain products, and dried fruit. 8 mg C lu e 2 I am a type of carbohydrate that can’t be digested, but am important for digestive health. You can find me in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and seeds. 22 g C lu e 3 I am important for bone health and muscle function. You can find me in dairy foods, dark green leafy vegetables, and fish with bones (Sardines, canned salmon). 1300 mg C lu e 4 I help our bodies absorb and use calcium. You need me for strong bones and a healthy immune system. You can find me in fortified dairy products and certain kinds of fatty fish. The sun helps you make me in your skin. 15 μg C lu e 5 I am important for muscle and nerve function. Eating a diet rich in me is also helpful in preventing high blood pressure. You can find me in fruits and vegetables (especially bananas, oranges, avocados, potatoes, melons, spinach, sweet potato, tomatoes, winter squash, and dried fruit). 4500 mg The nutrient recommendations listed above are for a mystery character. Using the Nutrient Recommendations Handout, what do you think is the age and gender of your mystery character? Age: _________ Gender: _________ On the back of the sheet, invent a name and a back story for your character. Activity Sheet 6-A Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern 251 C One Day of Food Choices – Group 1 Fiber (g) Calcium (mg) Iron (mg) Potassium (mg) Vitamin D (μg) Breakfast 2 eggs, scrambled 0 g 54 mg 2 mg 133 mg 1 μg 1 cup orange juice 1 g 27 mg 0 mg 443 mg 0 μg 2 slices toast, white bread 1 g 79 mg 2 mg 52 mg 0 μg Lunch Teriyaki chicken rice bowl Brown rice 4 g 20 mg 1 mg 84 mg 0 μg Chicken 0 g 14 mg 1 mg 229 mg 0 μg Broccoli 1 g 10 mg 0 mg 39 mg 0 μg Carrots 1 g 13 mg 0 mg 70 mg 0 μg Teriyaki sauce 0 g 4 mg 0 mg 36 mg 0 μg 1 cup chocolate milk (fat-free) 1 g 288 mg 1 mg 463 mg 3 μg 1 medium orange 3 g 52 mg 0 mg 237 mg 0 μg ½ cup baby carrots 2 g 27 mg 1 mg 201 mg 0 μg 1 oz multigrain chips 1 g 1 mg 0 mg 36 mg 0 μg Dinner 3 slices pepperoni pizza 6 g 576 mg 8 mg 635 mg 0 μg 20 ounces sports drink 0 g 2 mg 0 mg 37 mg 0 μg Snacks Cheese puffs 3 g 86 mg 0 mg 69 mg 0 μg Totals 24 g 1253 mg 16 mg 2764 mg 4 μg Which nutrients did your character consume enough of based on his or her nutrient recommendations? Which nutrients did your character NOT consume enough of based on his or her nutrient recommendations? 252 Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern Activity Sheet 6-C One Day of Food Choices – Group 2 Fiber (g) Calcium (mg) Iron (mg) Potassium (mg) Vitamin D (μg) Breakfast 1 cup orange juice 1 g 27 mg 0 mg 443 mg 0 μg Lunch Salad Bar 1 cup romaine lettuce 1 g 25 mg 0 mg 131 mg 0 μg ¼ cup cucumber 0 g 4 mg 0 mg 40 mg 0 μg 2 tbsp grated cheese 0 g 132 mg 0 mg 18 mg 0 μg ½ cup croutons 1 g 19 mg 1 mg 36 mg 0 μg 1 tbsp Caesar dressing 0 g 7 mg 0 mg 4 mg 0 μg 1 mini pizza 1 g 134 mg 2 mg 189 mg 0 μg 1 cup milk (low-fat) 0 g 305 mg 0 mg 366 mg 3 μg 1 clementine orange 1 g 28 mg 0 mg 125 mg 0 μg Dinner 2 tacos (with beans, cheese, meat, lettuce, tomato, and salsa) 4 g 156 mg 2 mg 417 mg 0 μg ¼ cup black beans 2 g 16 mg 1 mg 152 mg 0 μg 1 oz tortilla chips 1 g 38 mg 1 mg 61 mg 0 μg ½ cup salsa 2 g 34 mg 1 mg 370 mg 0 μg Snacks 15 gummy worms 0 g 3 mg 0 mg 6 mg 0 μg Totals 14 g 928 mg 8 mg 2358 mg 3 μg Which nutrients did your character consume enough of based on his or her nutrient recommendations? Which nutrients did your character NOT consume enough of based on his or her nutrient recommendations? Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern 253 Activity Sheet 6-C One Day of Food Choices – Group 3 Fiber (g) Calcium (mg) Iron (mg) Potassium (mg) Vitamin D (μg) Breakfast ½ cup milk (low-fat) 0 g 153 mg 0 mg 183 mg 1 μg ½ cup banana, sliced 2 g 4 mg 0 mg 269 mg 0 μg ½ slice white bread 0 g 20 mg 0 mg 13 mg 0 μg ½ tbsp peanut butter 0 g 4 mg 0 mg 62 mg 0 μg Lunch Grilled cheese sandwich 1 slice white bread 1 g 39 mg 1 mg 26 mg 0 μg 1 slice American cheese 0 g 113 mg 0 mg 58 mg 0 μg ¼ cup baby carrots 1 g 10 mg 0 mg 71 mg 0 μg ½ cup milk (low-fat) 0 g 153 mg 0 mg 183 mg 1 μg 1 small oatmeal cookie 0 g 4 mg 0 mg 6 mg 0 μg Dinner Spaghetti with meat sauce ½ cup pasta 1 g 5 mg 1 mg 31 mg 0 μg 2 tbsp tomato sauce 1 g 8 mg 0 mg 98 mg 0 μg 2 oz ground turkey 0 g 14 mg 1 mg 150 mg 0 μg ½ cup milk (low-fat) 0 g 153 mg 0 mg 183 mg 1 μg Snacks ½ cup goldfish crackers 1 g 40 mg 1 mg 38 mg 0 μg 1 clementine orange 1 g 28 mg 0 mg 125 mg 0 μg Totals 8 g 748 mg 4 mg 1496 mg 3 μg Which nutrients did your character consume enough of based on his or her nutrient recommendations? Which nutrients did your character NOT consume enough of based on his or her nutrient recommendations? 256 Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern Activity Sheet 6-D Food Choices Worksheet What are some different choices your character could make to meet his or her daily recommendations? Breakfast Lunch Dinner Snacks Totals Lesson Material 6-E Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern 257 Appendix 5E – Food Sources Cards Protein Foods Hard-Boiled Egg 1 large Calcium – 25 milligrams Vitamin D – 1.1 micrograms Potassium – 63 milligrams Iron – 0.6 grams Fiber – 0 grams Tuna (Canned in Water) 3 ounces Calcium – 12 milligrams Vitamin D – 1.7 micrograms Potassium – 201 milligrams Iron – 0.8 grams Fiber – 0 grams Smoked Salmon 3 ounces Calcium – 9 milligrams Vitamin D – 14.5 micrograms Potassium – 149 milligrams Iron – 0.7 grams Fiber – 0 grams Salami 5 slices Calcium – 9 milligrams Vitamin D – 0.6 micrograms Potassium – 194 milligrams Iron – 1 grams Fiber – 0 grams Chicken Breast (Grilled) 3 ounces Calcium – 4 milligrams Vitamin D – 0 micrograms Potassium – 332 milligrams Iron – 0 grams Fiber – 0 grams Canadian Bacon 2 slices Calcium – 4 milligrams Vitamin D – 0.1 micrograms Potassium – 551 milligrams Iron – 0 grams Fiber – 0 grams Lesson Material 6-E 258 Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern Sardines (Canned) 3 ounces Calcium – 325 milligrams Vitamin D – 4.1 micrograms Potassium – 338 milligrams Iron – 2.5 grams Fiber – 0 grams Beef Liver 3 ounces Calcium – 5 milligrams Vitamin D – 1.0 micrograms Potassium – 287 milligrams Iron – 5.3 grams Fiber – 0 grams Tofu (Firm) ¼ block Calcium – 553 milligrams Vitamin D – 0 micrograms Potassium – 192 milligrams Iron – 2.15 grams Fiber – 1.9 grams Pork Sausage 1 link Calcium – 2 milligrams Vitamin D – 0.3 micrograms Potassium – 79 milligrams Iron – 0 grams Fiber – 0 grams Sunflower Seed Butter 1 ounce Calcium – 18 milligrams Vitamin D – 0 micrograms Potassium – 163 milligrams Iron – 1.2 grams Fiber – 1.6 grams Beef Patty (80/20) 3 ounces Calcium – 22 milligrams Vitamin D – 0 micrograms Potassium – 285 milligrams Iron – 2.2 grams Fiber – 0 grams Lesson Material 6-E Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern 261 Brown Rice (Cooked) 1 cup Calcium – 10 milligrams Vitamin D – 0 micrograms Potassium – 77 milligrams Iron – 0.5 grams Fiber – 1.8 grams Instant Oatmeal (Cooked) 1 packet Calcium – 21 milligrams Vitamin D – 0 micrograms Potassium – 144 milligrams Iron – 1.7 grams Fiber – 4.0 grams Low-Fat Microwave Popcorn (Popped) 3 cups Calcium – 0 milligrams Vitamin D – 0 micrograms Potassium – 100 milligrams Iron – 0 grams Fiber – 2 grams Whole-Wheat Pita 1 small pita Calcium – 4 milligrams Vitamin D – 0 micrograms Potassium – 48 milligrams Iron – 0.9 grams Fiber – 1.7 grams Lesson Material 6-E 262 Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern Dairy Foods Fat-Free Milk 1 cup Calcium – 299 milligrams Vitamin D – 2.9 micrograms Potassium – 383 milligrams Iron – 0 grams Fiber – 0 grams Fat-Free Fruit Yogurt (Fortified) 8 ounces Calcium - 345 milligrams Vitamin D - 3 micrograms Potassium - 440 milligrams Iron - 0 milligrams Fiber – 0 grams Cheddar Cheese 1½ ounces Calcium – 307 milligrams Vitamin D – 0.3 micrograms Potassium – 32 milligrams Iron – 0 grams Fiber – 0 grams Low-Fat Vanilla Yogurt (Fortified) 8 ounces Calcium – 388 milligrams Vitamin D – 2.7 micrograms Potassium – 497 milligrams Iron – 0 grams Fiber – 0 grams Soymilk (Fortified) 1 cup Calcium – 299 milligrams Vitamin D – 2.7 micrograms Potassium – 296 milligrams Iron – 1 grams Fiber – 0.5 grams Mozzarella Cheese 1½ ounces Calcium – 300 milligrams Vitamin D – 0.2 micrograms Potassium – 80 milligrams Iron – 0 grams Fiber – 0 grams Lesson Material 6-E Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern 263 Vegetables Green Peas (Raw) ½ cup Calcium – 18 milligrams Vitamin D – 0 micrograms Potassium – 177 milligrams Iron – 1.07 grams Fiber – 4.1grams Corn (Yellow) ½ cup Calcium – 2 milligrams Vitamin D – 0 micrograms Potassium – 162 milligrams Iron – 0.34 grams Fiber – 1.8 grams Broccoli (Cooked) ½ cup Calcium – 31 milligrams Vitamin D – 0 micrograms Potassium – 229 milligrams Iron – 0.52 grams Fiber – 2.6 grams Green Beans (Cooked) ½ cup Calcium – 28 milligrams Vitamin D – 0 micrograms Potassium – 91 milligrams Iron – 0.41 grams Fiber – 2 grams Asparagus (Cooked) ½ cup Calcium – 21 milligrams Vitamin D – 0 micrograms Potassium – 202 milligrams Iron – 0.82 grams Fiber – 1.8 grams Acorn Squash (Cooked) ½ cup, cubes Calcium – 45 milligrams Vitamin D – 0 micrograms Potassium – 448 milligrams Iron – 0.95 grams Fiber – 4.5 grams Lesson Material 6-E 266 Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern Fruit Dates ¼ cup Calcium – 14 milligrams Vitamin D – 0 micrograms Potassium – 241 milligrams Iron – 0.37 grams Fiber – 2.9 grams Pear 1 medium Calcium – 16 milligrams Vitamin D – 0 micrograms Potassium – 206 milligrams Iron – 0.32 grams Fiber – 5.5 grams Raisins 1/4 cup Calcium – 10 milligrams Vitamin D – 0 micrograms Potassium – 299 milligrams Iron – 0.94 grams Fiber – 2.5 grams Apple 1 medium Calcium – 11 milligrams Vitamin D – 0 micrograms Potassium – 195 milligrams Iron – 0.22 grams Fiber – 4.4 grams Strawberries (Raw) ½ cup Calcium – 44 milligrams Vitamin D – 0 micrograms Potassium – 116 milligrams Iron – 0.3 grams Fiber – 1.5 grams Banana 1 medium Calcium – 44 milligrams Vitamin D – 0 micrograms Potassium – 422 milligrams Iron – 0.3 grams Fiber – 3.1 grams Lesson Material 6-E Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern 267 Orange Juice (Fortified) 1/2 cup Calcium – 250 milligrams Vitamin D – 1.7 micrograms Potassium – 221 milligrams Iron – 0.25 grams Fiber – 0.2 grams Orange 1 medium Calcium – 60 milligrams Vitamin D – 0 micrograms Potassium – 271 milligrams Iron – 0.14 grams Fiber – 3.8 grams 268 Lesson 6 – Nutrients of Concern Activity Sheet 6-F Goal Setting – Nutrients of Concern 1. Of the five nutrients we focused on today (calcium, fiber, iron, potassium, and vitamin D), is there one that you think students in your program should be consuming more of? 2. Take a look through the Food Sources Cards. Which of these are good sources of the nutrient you selected above? Do you serve any of these in your program? 3. Brainstorm some ways you can encourage students to choose these foods. Nutrients of Concern Focus on Food Issue 6 1 Did you know? There are plenty of delicious dishes that can help you consume the nutrients of concern. Try our recipe for Veg-Out Chilean Stew on page 4! In this issue... Weigh it Out Age is Not Just a Number Why Are We Concerned about Nutrients? Try This Recipe for Veg-Out Chilean Stew! Snack Attack! Test Your Knowledge With the Nutrients of Concern Word Search! Growing Strong and Healthy All humans need the same basic set of nutrients: vitamins, minerals, protein, carbohydrates, fats, and water. However, individual requirements for these nutrients differ based on several factors. When it comes to children, some of those differences are based on stage of growth, gender, and physical activity level. Because of these differences, there are some nutrients that certain groups need more of. For some nutrients, a large number of people aren’t meeting their nutrient needs. We call these “nutrients of concern.” Turn the page to learn more about nutrient needs and nutrients of concern! Page 2 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 4 Page 5 Different Bodies, Different Needs Nutrient needs not only change as people age, but some can also vary depending on gender. This is because males and females have different nutrient needs to keep their bodies healthy. Teenage Boys vs. Teenage Girls Boys tend to need more calories than girls because they generally are larger and thus need more energy. Girls tend to need more iron than boys because they need to help replace what is lost monthly during menstruation. Men vs. Women Men tend to need more protein than women because they generally have more muscle mass. Women capable of becoming pregnant tend to need more folate than men because it helps prevent birth defects. 2 Weigh it Out Even though nutrient needs by unit of measure (milligrams, micrograms, etc.) may be the same for a child and an adult, actual needs by weight for children tend to be higher. Sonia is 10 years old and weighs 75 pounds. She needs 4,500 mg of potassium and 1,300 mg of calcium a day. Andre is 35 years old and weighs 200 pounds. He needs 4,700 mg of potassium and 1,000 mg of calcium each day. If we do the math per pound, Sonia needs more than twice as much potassium and three times as much calcium per pound as Andre! This means it’s extra important for children to eat foods that are packed with nutrients to meet their nutrient needs and grow strong and healthy. Age is Not Just a Number Nutrient needs change as we age due to different factors throughout our stages of life. A toddler needs… the highest percentage of calories from fat. Why? Toddlers are growing at a very fast rate and need plenty of fat to support the growth. A child needs… more protein by weight than the average adult. Why? Proteins are broken down into amino acids which are used for a variety of functions that are important for a child’s development. A teenager needs… to consume more calcium than any other age group. Why? Calcium helps support bone growth which is important for teenagers who typically grow several inches during puberty. An adult needs… to intake a lower amount of total fat than younger age groups. Why? High fat diets have been associated with several chronic diseases which adults tend to be more susceptible to. An older adult needs… more vitamin D than any other age group. Why? Vitamin D is naturally produced in our skin when exposed to sunlight. Older adults tend to not expose their skin to sunlight often and thus must seek dietary sources for vitamin D. 3 Why are we concerned about nutrients? Calcium Why do children need it? Bone growth and health; muscle function Why do adults need it? Bone health and muscle function Food sources: Dark green leafy vegetables, foods fortifi ed with calcium, fi sh with bones Potassium Why do children need it? Muscle and nerve function Why do adults need it? Muscle and nerve function; helpful in preventing high blood pressure Food sources: Fruits and vegetables, some dairy foods Vitamin D Why do children need it? Helps absorb calcium; bone health; immune function Why do adults need it? Helps absorb calcium; bone health; immune function Food sources: Fortifi ed dairy products, certain kinds of fatty fi sh, sun exposure Iron Why do we need it? Helps move oxygen around in the blood Why do women and teenaged girls need more of it? To replace iron lost through menstruation. Food sources: Meat, poultry, seafood, beans and peas, nuts, whole grains and fortifi ed grains Fiber Why do children need it? Digestive health Why do adults need it? Digestive health; may help reduce blood cholesterol Food sources: Whole grains, fruit, vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds Folate Why do we need it? Growth and repair Why do women capable of becoming pregnant need more of it? Helps prevent certain kinds of birth defects in pregnancy Food sources: Dark green leafy vegetables, fortifi ed and enriched grains, beans and peas Women and Teenaged Girls In addition to calcium, vitamin D, fi ber, and potassium, there are two more nutrients of concern for teenage girls and women capable of becoming pregnant. In general, humans are able to meet their nutrient needs through a well-balanced diet. Unfortunately, many Americans consume a diet that is light on fruits, veggies, low-fat dairy, and whole grains. This is sometimes referred to as the Western diet. As a result, there are several nutrients that have been identifi ed as being “nutrients of concern”. These are nutrients that many Americans consume less than is recommended. 2 Weigh it Out Even though nutrient needs by unit of measure (milligrams, micrograms, etc.) may be the same for a child and an adult, actual needs by weight for children tend to be higher. Sonia is 10 years old and weighs 75 pounds. She needs 4,500 mg of potassium and 1,300 mg of calcium a day. Andre is 35 years old and weighs 200 pounds. He needs 4,700 mg of potassium and 1,000 mg of calcium each day. If we do the math per pound, Sonia needs more than twice as much potassium and three times as much calcium per pound as Andre! This means it’s extra important for children to eat foods that are packed with nutrients to meet their nutrient needs and grow strong and healthy. Age is Not Just a Number Nutrient needs change as we age due to different factors throughout our stages of life. A toddler needs… the highest percentage of calories from fat. Why? Toddlers are growing at a very fast rate and need plenty of fat to support the growth. A child needs… more protein by weight than the average adult. Why? Proteins are broken down into amino acids which are used for a variety of functions that are important for a child’s development. A teenager needs… to consume more calcium than any other age group. Why? Calcium helps support bone growth which is important for teenagers who typically grow several inches during puberty. An adult needs… to intake a lower amount of total fat than younger age groups. Why? High fat diets have been associated with several chronic diseases which adults tend to be more susceptible to. An older adult needs… more vitamin D than any other age group. Why? Vitamin D is naturally produced in our skin when exposed to sunlight. Older adults tend to not expose their skin to sunlight often and thus must seek dietary sources for vitamin D.