Art Terms and Techniques: Painting, Printmaking, and Sculpture, Exams of Art

Download Art Terms and Techniques: Painting, Printmaking, and Sculpture and more Exams Art in PDF only on Docsity! Art 164 Halbrooks List of Terms -- Test 2 Wash a thin, translucent layer of pigment, usually watercolor or India ink. Often background of picture using watery paint, large brushstrokes. Translucent allowing some light to pass but greatly obscuring the image or objects on the other side. Between transparent and opaque. Transparent Allowing light to pass through so that objects can be clearly seen on the other side. Opposite of opaque. Opaque something that cannot be seen through; the opposite of transparent. Scumbling a brush with rather dry paint is dragged over the rough canvas or paper depositing paint only on raised areas. Stretcher A wooden frame that supports a stretched canvas priming applying an undercoating of paint to a surface, sealing it, creating a better bond, and providing a ground for paining. Impasto thick layers of paint that stand up off the surface alla prima to apply the paint in one sitting regardless of it’s thickness (historically thin layers are applied first, alwed to dry then the thick layers go on). Gesso a thick white paint used to prime canvas or other surface preparatory to painting. Pigment a substance which contains a color, eg. Cadmium is a chemical that produces an orange color. Vehicle an emulsion in which the pigment is suspended (in oil paint it is linseed oil) medium The material or technique used by an artist to produce a work of art. Examples: Egg tempra Oil Gouache Watercolor Encaustic encaustic painting medium using a mixture of wax and pigment. The art of hot painting with hot wax colors that are fused after application into continuous layer and fixed to a support with heat. Buon fresco pigment is mixed with wet plaster and applied to a fresh plaster wall becoming a part of the wall. Also called true fresco. Fresco secco paint is applied over an already dry wall. watercolor Painting medium made from pigment water, and gum arabic. Gouache painting medium made from pigment, water, chalk, and gum arabic. The chalk makes it opaque. Gouache is completely flat/ matte and is very popular in Graphic design or for illustration. Oil painting medium in which the vehicle is linseed oil. Gilding Applying gold leaf, an extremely thin foil made of gold. Available in various colors made with different proportions of copper or other metals. Acrylic synthetic paints. Pigments in vehicle made from polymerized acrylic acid esters. Nearly as versatile as oil paints. Can be used on nearly any surface, in transparent washes or heavy impasto, with matte or glossy finishes. Dry quickly, do not yellow, easily removed, and clean up with soap and water. Glazing a translucent painting technique in which succeeding layers of thin applications of oil or acrylic are built upon. conceptual sculpture sculpture may not be a representation of an actual object but a concept or event. earthworks usually a large scale work made on site and using existing features of the landscape kinetic sculpture sculpture that moves, such as a mobile or stabile. Performance art art in which works in any of a variety of media are executed premeditated before a live audience. Although this might appear to be “theater,” theatrical performances present illusions of events, while performance are presents actual events as art. Subtractive sculpture produced by carving away permanent finished material ( stone or wood, usually) additive sculpture – modeling a material like clay or wax fabrication/ constructive working with a final material such as wood or metal using construction methods such as welding to create a sculpture polyester resin synthetic plastic resin in liquid form that is made to solidify by adding a catalyst. Commonly used as a casting material when reinforced with fiber glass. Casting to form (molten metal, or liquid plaster or plastic, for example) into a three dimensional shape by pouring into a mold. Lost wax process casting – a work is produced in wax, placed in a mold, wax burned away, replaced by molten metal such as bronze or aluminum. modeling a sculpture technique in which a three-dimensional form is shaped in a soft material such as clay patina a color either applied to or naturally acquired by a sculpture.. relief sculpture a three dimensional sculpture usually that hangs on a wall or lies on the floor. Free standing sculpture exists in the round (you can see it from all sides). Cartoon a full scale drawing to be transferred to another surface. Sketch a quick visual notation used to record an idea Plan a more involved drawing, usually with the intention of transfer to another media (such as painting). List: dry media • pencil (graphite) • charcoal terra cotta ceramics made of low fired earth stoneware higher fired clay usually for functional pottery porcelain fine clay used in delicate fine china Bisque pottery which has been fired once, without glaze, to a temperature just before vitrification. Glaze firing the final firing with glaze Cone 4, cone 10, etc. method of measuring kiln temperature. Ceramic clay wedges placed inside a kiln before firing. At a certain temperature a cone will bend. So watch cone to determine when a particular temperature is reached. Raising the shaping of a malleable metal such as silver or gold by hammering it around a domed model generally of pitch, to extend it from a sheet to a hollow form. Repousse the method of producing metal relief by hammering and or punching a sheet of metal from the back. The metal is usually hammered into a prepared mold then fine details are engraved onto the front of the relief. chasing the process of finishing and refining a metal surface by denting rather than engraving it with steel tools such as tracers, ciselet, punches, and matting tools. Used to remove imperfections from surface of a casting or used to ornament surface by embossing armature an internal structural support for a freestanding sculpture hand built pottery using methods that do not require the wheel (coils, slabs, etc.) staining painting technique in which the pigment soaks into un-primed canvas to produce the image. Egg tempra painting medium that uses egg yoke as the binder. Until the 1400's most all paintings were egg tempra. Then began to add oil to slow the drying time. Eventually led to oil paints. Printmaking categories List types of relief • woodcut • wood engraving • linocut • collagraph Printmaking categories List types of Intaglio • etching • engraving • drypoint • aquatint • mezzotint Printmaking categories List types of Planographic process • lithography • photolithography Printmaking categories List types of Serigraphic process • silkscreen edition an edition of prints is a numbered group in which all of the prints are the same. Also called limited edition. Numbered like 2/25. restrike reprinting an edition. Must be signed “second edition.” Sometimes done posthumously. FPS frames per second CU Close up ECU extreme close up LS long shot MS medium shot Establishing shot usually at beginning of film or scene. Shows location of scene. Lens sizes • telephoto (200 mm) • wide angle (25 mm) • normal (50 mm) Film guage • 8 mm • 16mm • 35mm • 70mm Animation to create the illusion that drawings or other still objects are moving rotoscoping single frames of live action footage are projected and traced then refilmed to yield lifelike animation. Pan horizontal sweep of the camera Zoom smooth movement from telephoto to wide angle shot or visa versa. Tracking shot a shot that follows the action. shot from the moment the camera is turned on until it is turned off. Scene a segment of shots that make up an entire idea. Cut an edit of a shot Narrative editing multiple camera shots are put together in chronological order (standard story line). Parallel editing story shifts forward or backward from event to event (like soap operas) montage editing putting together shots of seemingly unrelated images List Transitional devices • wipe • fade • dissolve wipe horizontal replacement of one scene with another fade shot gradually darkens to black (fade out) or from black into an image (fade in). Dissolve shot fades from one image while overlapping fade in of another image. Clay body a mixture of different types of clays and minerals for a specific ceramic purpose. For example, porcelain is a translucent white clay body. Earthen ware a low fired clay body. Glazed pottery is fired to a temperature of 1,830- 2010 degrees Fahrenheit. Available in red or white. Bat a flat disc made out of plaster, wood or plastic which is affixed to the wheel head with clay or pins. Bats are used to throw pieces on that would be difficult to lift off the wheel head. Firebrick an insulation brick used to hold the heat in the kiln and withstand high temperatures. Glaze a thin coating of glass. An impervious silicate coating, which is developed in clay ware by the fusion under heat of inorganic materials. Greenware unfired pottery. Ready to be bisque fired. Grog fired clay ground to various mesh sizes. Kiln a furnace of refractory clay bricks for firing pottery and for fusing glass. Majolica a low fire glazing technique. The process involves applying an opaque tin glaze to earthenware and pointing it with different colored oxides. Bisque fire first firing, without glaze. Slips can be used in a bisque firing. Bone dry completely air dried. Burnishing the ancient rubbing process of burnishing polishes the outside skin of a clay pot while greatly reducing its porosity. This finishing is done by hand, using a stone or a metal piece which is usually embedded in a wad of wet clay that perfectly fits the burnisher’s hand. Centering Technique to move the clay in to a symmetrical rotating axis in the middle of a wheel head so you can throw it. Crazing the cracking of a glaze on a fired pot. It is the result of the glaze shrinking more than the clay body in the cooling process. Fire to heat a clay object in a kiln to a specific temperature. Wedging a method of kneading clay to make it homogenous by cutting and rolling. Mold a plaster shape designed to pour slip cast into and let dry so the shape comes out as an exact replica of the mold. Potters Wheel a device with either a manual (foot powered) or an electric rotating wheel head used to sit at and make pottery forms. Satin Glaze a glaze with medium reflectance, between matte and gloss. Slab Pressed or rolled flat sections of clay used in hand building. Shapes or parts of objects are cut and cemented with slip.