Liver | SCS 899 - Master's Thesis Research, Quizzes of Animal Biology

Download Liver | SCS 899 - Master's Thesis Research and more Quizzes Animal Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Functions of the liver DEFINITION 1 Over 400 Glycogen storage Protein synth, metab and transport Synthesis and gradation of lipids Converts CHO to triglycerides Detox of chemicals Filters blood via the kupfer cells Produces and secretes bile Production of clotting factors Stores vitamins TERM 2 Assessment of Liver DEFINITION 2 Health History Exposure to hepatoxins Alcohol and drug use (prescription and non) Lifestyle behaviors Physical Examination Skin inspection Abdominal assessment Liver palpation TERM 3 Diagnostic eval of Liver DEFINITION 3 Liver biopsy Liver function tests Ultrasound CT MRI Laparoscopy TERM 4 Liver Function Tests DEFINITION 4 Direct (conjugated) and indirect (unconj.) bilirubin Serum protein and albumin Prothrombin time Alk phos (obstruction) AST and ALT (liver cell damage) Serum ammonia TERM 5 Causes of liver dysfunction/failure DEFINITION 5 Cirrhosis Medications/toxins Viral Hepatitis TERM 6 Medications/toxins and liver dysfunction/failure DEFINITION 6 Most common cause of acute liver Acetaminophen-- leading cause Anesthetics, antidepressants, psychotropics, anticonvulsants, antituberculosis, meds TERM 7 Viral Hepatitis DEFINITION 7 A, B, C, D, E, G & GB virus-C TERM 8 Liver Dysfunction/Failure impact on patient DEFINITION 8 Impaired metabolism of drugs, nutrition Inability to maintain effective serum colloid osmotic pressure Activation of renin-angiotensis system Obstructed blood flow within liver-- increased pressure within the portal circulatory system TERM 9 Hepatocellular DEFINITION 9 Damaged liver cells unable to clear normal amounts of bilirubin from the system Hepatocellular damage caused by hepatits & other viruses, meds & for chemical toxins or alcohol Anorexia, nausea, malaise, fatigue, weakness and possible weight loss TERM 10 Obstructive Jaundice DEFINITION 10 Bile can't flow normally into intestine. Becomes backed up in the liver Obstruction of the bile duct by extrahepatic source (Gallstone, inflammation, tumor, pressure from enlarged organ) Intrahepatic obstruction (stasis or thickening of the bile within the liver due to ingestion of cholestatic meds) TERM 21 Stage 1 of Hepatic encephalopathy DEFINITION 21 Normal LOC Periods of lethargy and euphoria Reversal of day/night sleep patterns Asterixis Impaired writing & ability to draw line figures Normal EEG TERM 22 Stage 2 Hepatic Encephalopathy DEFINITION 22 Increased drowsiness Disorientation Inappropraite behavior Mood swings Agitation Asterixis Fetor hepaticus Abnml EEG with generalized slowing TERM 23 Stage 3 Encephalopathy DEFINITION 23 Stuporous Difficult to rouse, sleeps most of time Marked confusion, incoherent speech Asterixis Increased deep tendon reflexes Rigidity of extremities EEG markedly abnml TERM 24 Stage 4 Encephalopathy DEFINITION 24 Comatose-- may not respond to painful stimulus Absence of asterixis Absence of DTRs Flaccidity of extremities EEG markedly abnml TERM 25 Manifestations of Hepatic Encephalopathy DEFINITION 25 Confusion Decreased Hygeine and self-care Sleeps during day/ awake at night--- progresses to obtunded state Asterixis (liver flap) Construction apraxia Hyperactive DTRs progressing to absence TERM 26 Serum Ammonia reduction in hepatic encephalopathy DEFINITION 26 Low protein diet Lactulose Antibiotics (neomycin, metronidazole) Correct hypokalemia TERM 27 Monitoring pt during hepatic encephalopathy DEFINITION 27 Frequent neuro checks Monitor mental status-- keep signature sheet in patients chart, have pt sign sheet each day Careful I & O and daily weights VS q4hrs Monitor for infection Careful hadwashing and aseptic technique where appropriate Daily labs (e-lytes esp. K, serum ammonia) Make sure sedatives, tranquilizers and analgesics are d/c'd TERM 28 Hepatic Encephalopathy Diet DEFINITION 28 Daily protein intake b/t 1.0 & 2.5 g/kg Small frequent meals with evening snack of complex CHOs Substitute veg protein for animal protein as much as possible Vitamin supplements TERM 29 Generalized edema due to hepatic dysfunction DEFINITION 29 Due to hypoalbuminemia by decreased hepatic production Nursing care--- Excellent skin care Fluid restriction Low sodium diet TERM 30 Bleeding secondary to Hepatic dysfunction/failure DEFINITION 30 Due to decreased production of clotting factors by the liver Decreased absorption of vitamin k and inability of liver to use it to produce clotting factors Increased bruising, epistaxis, bleeding from wounds Nursing care--- Bleeding precautions Prevent constipation Fall precautions