Analysis of the Impact of Elvis Presley on Pop Culture - Prof. kinh doanh, Exercises of Public Law

Download Analysis of the Impact of Elvis Presley on Pop Culture - Prof. kinh doanh and more Exercises Public Law in PDF only on Docsity! TIẾNG ANH 12 Unit 1. LIFE STORIES A. VOCABULARY • talented /'tælənɪd/ (adj.): có tài năng, có khiếu. Ex: The kids at this school are all exceptionally talented in some way. • accomplished /ə'kɒmplɪʃt/ (adj.) (+ at/in): có đầy đủ tài năng, hoàn hảo, được giáo dục. Ex: He came to New York in 1976, already accomplished in English. • pioneer /ˌpaɪə'nɪə(r)/ (n.): người tiên phong, người đi đầu • be widely/ internationally recognized: được công nhận rộng rãi, được thế giới công nhận. • dedication /ˌdɛdɪ'keɪʃən/ (n.) (+ to): sự cống hiến Ex: There was no doubting Luke's dedication to the campaign. • be dedicated to V-ing/ noun phrase: tận tụy, tận tâm • respectable /rɪs'pɛktəbl/ (adj.): đáng kính trọng, đúng đắn • respectful /ris'pektful/ (adj): lễ phép, bày tỏ sự kính trọng, tôn kính (mô tả hành động, sự việc) • distinguished /dɪs'tɪŋgwɪʃt/ (adj.): ưu tú, xuất sắc, lỗi lạc • generosity /ˌdʒɛnə'rɒsɪti/ (n.): sự hào phóng • inspiration /ˌɪnspə'reɪʃən/ (n.): sự truyền cảm hứng, cảm hứng • strategist /'strætɪdʒɪst/ (n): nhà chiến lược • popularity /ˌpɒpjʊ'lærɪti/ (n.): sự nổi tiếng, tính phổ biến • influential /ˌɪnflʊ'ɛnʃəl/ (adj.): có ảnh hưởng, có thế lực • recognition /ˌrɛkəg'nɪʃən/ (n.): sự công nhận, sự được công nhận, thừa nhận • to win/ receive/ meet with recognition from the public: được mọi người thừa nhận • achievement /ə'tʃi:vmənt/ (n.): thành tựu, sự giành được, sự hoàn thành • controversial /ˌkɒntrə'vɜ:ʃəl/ (adj.): gây tranh cãi • racial segregation /'reɪʃəl ˌsɛgrɪ' geɪʃən/: sự phân biệt chủng tộc • reach one's full potential: đạt được tiềm năng tối đa • a stroke of luck: một dịp may bất ngờ • reputation /ˌrɛpju(:)'teɪʃən/ (n.): danh tiếng, tiếng tăm • figure /'fɪgə/ (n.): nhân vật, biểu tượng • resort to (v.): dùng đến • take something/ somebody for granted: coi ai/ cái gì là hiển nhiên, sẵn có • at the expense of: phải trả giá bằng • be committed to: tận tụy, bị giam giữ • be devoted to: tận tâm, cống hiến cho Page 1 • distinctive /dɪs'tɪŋktɪv/ (adj.): đặc biệt, xuất sắc • epitome /ɪ'pɪtəmi/ (n.): tấm gương hoàn hảo, hình mẫu hoàn hảo • representative /ˌrɛprɪ'zɛntətɪv/ (n.): đại diện, hình mẫu • celebrated /'sɛlɪbreɪtɪd/ (adj.): nổi tiếng, trứ danh, lừng danh • exceptional /ɪk'sɛpʃənl/ (adj): khác thường, đặc biệt, ngoại lệ, hiếm có • extraordinary /ɪks'trɔ:dnri/ (adj): lạ thường, đặc biệt • remarkable /rɪ'mɑ:kəb1/ (adj.): xuất sắc, đặc biệt, đáng chú ý • spectacular /spɛk'tækjʊlə/ (adj.): đẹp mắt, ngoạn mục, thu hút sự chú ý • profound /prə'faʊnd/ (adj.): phức tạp, sâu sắc B. GRAMMAR I. A/AN/THE • A/an/the là những từ hết sức quen thuộc trong tiếng Anh, chúng được gọi là mạo từ. Có 2 loại mạo từ: mạo từ không xác định và mạo từ xác định. 1. Cách dùng mạo từ không xác định “a” và “an”. • Dùng “a” hoặc “an” trước một danh từ số ít đếm được. Chúng có nghĩa là một. Chúng được dùng trong câu có tính khái quát hoặc đề cập đến một chủ thể chưa được đề cập từ trước. Ex: - A ball is round (nghĩa chung, khái quát, chỉ tất cả các quả bóng): Quả bóng hình tròn. - He has seen a girl (chúng ta không biết cô gái nào, chưa được đề cập trước đó): Anh ấy vừa mới gặp một cô gái. a. Dùng "an” trước: - Quán từ "an" được dùng trước các từ bắt đầu bằng nguyên âm (trong cách phát âm, chứ không phải trong cách viết). Bao gồm: - Các từ bắt đầu bằng các nguyên âm “a, e, i, o”. Ví dụ: an apple (một quả táo), an orange (một quả cam). - Một số từ bắt đầu bằng “u”: Ví dụ: an umbrella (một cái ô) - Một số từ bắt đầu bằng “h” câm: Ví dụ: an hour (một tiếng) - Các từ mở đầu bằng một chữ viết tắt: an S.O.S/ an M.P b. Dùng "a" trước: - Dùng “a” trước các từ bắt đầu bằng một phụ âm. Chúng bao gồm các chữ cái còn lại và một số trường hợp bắt đầu bằng "u, y, h". Ex: A house (một ngôi nhà), a year (một năm), a uniform (một bộ đồng phục)... - Đứng trước một danh từ mở đầu bằng "uni..." và "eu" phải dùng "a": Ví dụ: a university (trường đại học), a union (tổ chức), a culogy (lời ca ngợi). - Dùng trong các thành ngữ chỉ số lượng nhất định như: a lot of/ a great deal of/ a couple/ a dozen. Ex: I want to buy a dozen eggs. (Tôi muốn mua 1 tả trứng.) - Dùng trước những số đếm nhất định thường là hàng ngàn, hàng trăm như: a/ one hundred - a/ one thousand. Ex: My school has a thousand students. (Trường của tôi có một nghìn học sinh.) Page 2 a. Form (+) S + was/ were + V-ing +O (-) S + wasn't/ weren't + V-ing + O (?) Was/ were (not) + S + V-ing + O? b. Uses (Cách sử dụng) • Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại 1 thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ. Ex: I was sleeping at 12 o'clock last night. • Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra thì một hành động khác xen vào hành động đang xảy ra dùng QKTD; hành động xen vào dùng QKĐ. Ex: I was studying when he came in. • Diễn tả nhiều hành động xảy ra đồng thời trong quá khứ (đi với while). Ex: Yesterday evening, my mother was cooking while my father was reading books. c. Advs (Trạng ngữ nhận biết) At .....(specific time) From ... to... last night yesterday, one year ago ... At this/ that time At the moment Past simple While/ When Past continuous Past continuous d. Những động từ không chia ở các thì tiếp diễn: Một số động từ chỉ cảm xúc (like, love ... ) hay (know, believe, want) không được chia các thì tiếp diễn (kể cả hiện tại tiếp diễn hay quá khứ tiếp diễn). Verbs of thinking believe, doubt, guess, imagine, know, realize, suppose, understand. Verbs of the senses hear, smell, sound, taste. Verbs of possession belong to have (meaning possess), own, possess. Verbs of emotion dislike, hate, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish. Verbs of appearance appear, seem. Others contain, depend on, include, involve, mean, measure, weigh, require. Ex: Jane was being at my house when you arrived. Jane was at my house when you arrived. ■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO A. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I. Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences. widely related master inequality movement accomplished pioneer increasingly 1. Hughes is one of the most writers in American 20 literary history? 2. Albert Einstein was essentially all to science meanwhile Leonardo Da Vinci was a at art, architecture, invention, and several other areas. Page 5 3. Han Mac Tu was part of the new poetic in Vietnam at the beginning of the 20th century. 4. Han Mac Tu is considered a of romantic poetry in Vietnam. 5. During his time at University, Nelson Mandela became aware of the racial and injustice faced by non-white people. 6. Steve Jobs is recognized as a pioneer in the field of microcomputer revolution. II. Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences. gained patriotism favourable talented celebrated leadership 1. Her mother is always the first reader of her books, and she creates the most conditions for her daughter to work. 2. Nguyen Dinh Chieu was a Vietnamese poet who was known for his and anti- colonial writings against the French 3. The work, Luc Van Tien, remains one of the most works in Vietnamese literature. 4. He was the most football player that our school had produced in years. His talent for football was great. 5. Nguyen Hue, with his genius , created a people's army, no matter small or large. 6. Nguyen Binh Khiem a reputation as someone who could foretell the future. III. Give the correct form of the words in the following sentences. 1. He was the most football player that our school had produced in years His talent for football was great. TALENT 2. Do you know Professor Phan Huy Le whose great was his books on the history of Vietnam in the 19th century? ACHIEVE 3. He wishes to straighten up and lead a life. RESPECT 4. His career as a journalist was full of achievements. He was a respected and admired journalist. DISTINGUISH 5. To be successful takes hard work and . DEDICATE 6. Doing things with will give us true happiness. The more we give away, the happier we are. GENEROUS 7. Tran Hung Dao was a great to lure the enemy to enter deeply into his land, then attacked to destroy them. STRATEGY 8. Mother Teresa was a living saint who offered a great example and to the world. INSPIRE 9. Zuckerberg was forced to shut his website down, but its immense and controversy had made him consider its future potential. POPULAR 10. As the principal founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates is one of the most and richest people on the planet. INFLUENCE 11. If Presley was considered a and a rebellious figure, it just made him more popular with young listeners. CONTROVERSY 12. Stephen William Hawking got more for his research and discoveries through his print and TV interviews. RECOGNINZE Page 6 IV. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. His early death only cemented his legendary status, and Elvis Presley has become deeply ingrained in popular culture. A. engrossed B. indulged C. deep-rooted D. supreme 2. A distinctive feature of Trump's business and real estate ventures has been the prominent use of his own name. A. characteristic B. general C. common D. superficial 3. Mother Teresa was a Roman Catholic nun who devoted her life to serving the poor and destitute around the world. A. committed B. dedicated C. committed D. attended 4. Marilyn Monroe has become an iconic representative of fame and female beauty. A. figure B. image C. typical D. idol 5. Marilyn Monroe was an epitome of sensuality, beauty and effervescence and was naturally photogenic. A. frame B. indicator C. instructor D. figure 6. Despite the media often being dismissive of Monroe's potential, her efforts to improve acting paid off. A. failed B. broke down C. managed D. met with success 7. Margaret Thatcher was known for her tough uncompromising conservative political views, and became dubbed as ‘The Iron Lady’. A. reserved B. inflexible C. narrow-minded D. compatible 8. He is commonly referred to as the "The King of Rock 'n' Roll" and epitomizes the post-war pop generation A. be representative of B. leads C. elaborates D. expands on 9. Leonardo da Vinci created rare masterpieces of art such as The Mona Lisa' and ‘The Last Supper’. A. worthless works of art B. invaluable property C. excellent qualifications D. excellent works of art 10. Da Vinci studied all aspects of life and his far-reaching investigations and discoveries sought to show an underlying unity of the universe. A. insignificant B. finite C. extensive D. excessive 11. The impact of the assembly line helped Ford become the dominant firm in the motorcar industry. A. most influential B. subservient C. best-selling D. depressive 12. They all encouraged my creativity and inspired me in many ways. A. overlooked B. motivated C. rejected D. disappointed 13. She idolizes her artist mother, Ingrid, who is as strong and dangerous as she is beautiful. A. impresses B. detests C. worships D. hates 14. Clara did not care how low the Phineas fortune had fallen; no proper respectable girl would allow herself to be a maid. A. disreputable B. unworthy C. paltry D. reputable 15. He was by nature a reserved man but not a cold one. A. shy B. easygoing C. sociable D. lavish 16. She was brought up in a well-off family. She can't understand the problems we are facing. A. poor B. broke C. wealthy D. kind Page 7 II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. Gia Long was the first emperor of the Nguyen dynasty as well as the (1) father of the modern nation of Vietnam. Born as Nguyen Phuc Anh, he was the nephew of the last Nguyen lord who ruled over southern Vietnam. (2) being born into a royal family, he had to (3) many difficulties in his early life as he became the (4) of rival groups who attempted to (5) the Nguyen clan completely. After the deaths of his father and uncle at the hands of the rival leaders, Nguyen Phuc Anh fled to the southern coastal tip of Vietnam where (6) he met a French priest, Pigneau de Behaine, who would (7) become his trusted adviser and play a major role in his (8) to power. He escaped with the help of the priest and later on sought aid from the French in his struggle (9) his rivals. (10) the help of the French, and equipped with (11) European armaments, he was (12) in securing victories over his rivals. 1. A. found B. founded C. founding D. founder 2. A. Because of B. In view of C. Despite of D. In spite of 3. A. encounter B. face up C. manage D. get by 4. A. shield B. targe C. purpose D. destination 5. A. wipe off B. wipe out C. kill up D. destroy 6. A. by chance B. on occasion C. on purpose D. at stake 7. A. at last B. especially C. specially D. eventually 8. A. raise B. arise C. rise D. rising 9. A. for B. against C. off D. at 10. A. With B. Without C. But for D. Thanks 11. A. advance B. advances C. advanced D. advancing 12. A. engaged B. involved C. successful D. attended III. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank Spare the following passage. Donald John Trump is the 45th President of the United States, in office since January 20, 2017. (1)………..to being a politician, he is a successful business magnate and television personality as well. The son of a wealthy real estate developer, Trump attended the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania before taking (2) of his family's business. He owned several beauty (3) and ventured into (4) television as well. Expanding the (5) of his ambitions, he entered national politics in the early 2000s and (6) his eyes on the presidential office. As a politician, his career was marred by allegations of sexual (7) and he also earned much (8) for his extravagant lifestyle and (9) comments on immigrants from Islamic nations. (10) the controversies surrounding him, Trump (11) for the 2016 presidential election as a Republican and (12) Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in a surprise victory. Donald Trump is the first person to assume presidency without prior military or government service and at 70, he is also the oldest one to assume the office. 1. A. In addition B. In contrast C. Apart D. Other 2. A. steps B. charge C. measures D. advantages 3. A. pageants B. competitions C. tests D. examinations 4. A. realistic B. true C. actual D. reality Page 10 5. A. scale B. scope C. horizons D. amount 6. A. put B. set C. lay D. lain 7. A. abuse B. prejudices C. misconduct D. mistakes 8. A. criticism B. accusation C. blame D. conviction 9. A. burning B. confusing C. respectful D. controversial 10. A. Thanks to B. Other than C. Despite D. With 11. A. went B. applied C. ran D. struggled 12. A. won B. defeated C. suggested D. appointed Unit 2. URBANIZATION A. VOCABULARY PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW - industrialization /ɪnˌdʌstriələˈzeɪʃən/ (n.): sự công nghiệp hóa - accelerate /əkˈseləreɪt/ (v): làm gia tăng, tăng tốc - in anticipation of something: để dành cho, để đề phòng, lường trước - urbanization /ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ (n.): sự đô thị hóa - pressurize /ˈpreʃəraɪz/ (v): nén, gây áp lực - result in (v) = bring about, cause: gây ra, dẫn đến - sanitation /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃn/ (n.): điều kiện vệ sinh - irrigation /ˌɪrɪˈgeɪʃən (n): sự tưới tiêu - slum /slʌm/ (n): khu nhà ổ chuột - insufficient /ˈɪnsəˈfɪʃənt/ (adj): không đủ, thiếu - wastewater /weɪstˌwɔ:tə/ (n): nước bẩn - infrastructure /ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃə/ (n): cơ sở hạ tầng - facilities /fəˈsɪlɪtiz/ (n): phương thức, phương tiện - migrate /maɪˈɡreɪt/ (v): di trú, di cư - immigrate /ˈɪmɪgreɪt/ (v): nhập cư - immigrant /ˈɪmɪgrənt/ (n): dân nhập cư - management capacity /ˈmænɪdʒmənt kəˈpæsɪti/ (n): năng lực quản lý - urbanization process /ɜ:b(ə)naɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n ˈprəʊsɛs/ (n): quá trình đô thị hóa - deeply-rooted /ˈdi:pli- ˈru:tɪd/ (adj): ăn sâu, bám rễ - unemployment /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ (n): sự thất nghiệp - densely heavily polluted: ô nhiễm nặng - thinly sparsely polluted: ô nhiễm nhẹ - long-term /'lɒŋtɜ:m/ (adj): dài hạn - short-term /ʃɔ:t-tɜ:m/ (adj): ngắn hạn - foreign direct investment (FDI) /'fɒrɪn dɪ'rɛkt ɪn'vɛstmənt/ (n): đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài - exacerbate /ɛks'æsə(:)beɪt (v): làm trầm trọng - relocate /ri:ləʊ'keɪt/ (v): di chuyển tới, xây dựng lại Page 11 - inflow /'ɪnfləʊ/ (v): chảy vào - adverse /'ædvɜ:s/ (adj): tiêu cực - amenity /ə'mi:nəti/ (n): đầy đủ tiện nghi - sustainable development /səs'teɪnəbl dɪ'vɛləpmənt/ (n): phát triển bền vững - instability /ˌɪnstə'bɪlɪti/ (n): tính không ổn định, không kiên định - housing development /dɪ'vel.əp.mənt/ (n.): sự phát triển nhà ở - fatality or mortality rate /fə'tæl.ə.ti/; /mɔ: 'tæl.ə.ti/ (n.): tỷ lệ tử vong Ex: During his tenure, the fatality rate rose up to 150%. - multicultural /ˌmʌlti'kʌltʃərəl/ (adj.): đa văn hóa. - overpopulated /ˌəʊvə'pɒpjuleɪtɪd/ (adj.): quá đông dân - population density /'densəti/ (n.): mật độ dân số Ex: The population density of Vietnam is quite high compared to the average. - Confront with something = face, come up against something: đối mặt, chạm trán với cái gì - in hopes of V-ing: trong hi vọng làm gì Ex: The fox tried in hopes of reaching the grapes, but it was all in vain. - take advantage of something /əd'væn.tɪ ̬dʒ/= make use of something: tận dụng, lấy ưu thế từ cái gì - strain /streɪn/ (n.): gánh nặng, áp lực B. GRAMMAR REVIEW I. CÂU GIẢ ĐỊNH (Subjunctive) Câu giả định hay còn gọi là câu cầu khiến là loại câu mà đối tượng thứ nhất muốn đối tượng thứ hai làm một việc gì nhưng không mang tính ép buộc như câu mệnh lệnh. Trong câu giả định, người ta dùng dạng nguyên thể không có TO của động từ sau một số động từ chính mang tính cầu khiến. THAT phải luôn xuất hiện trong dạng câu này. Subject + Verb (any tense) + that + subject + (should) + verb fin simple form] 1. Những động từ và danh từ thường được theo sau bởi Subjunctive là: advise v. advice n. command v. command n. demand v. demand n. suggest v. suggestion n. prefer v. preference n. recommend v. recommendation n. require requirement n. decree v. decree n. ask v. order v. order n. insist v. insistence n. request v. request n. propose v. proposal n. urge v. urgency n. Ex: His parents insisted that he (should) find a job and settle down in a big city. It is recommended that people (should take regular exercise. She demanded that I should tell her the truth. The recommendation that all people affected by the storm (should) be evacuated immediately was approved. 2. Những tính từ thường được theo sau bởi Subjunctive là: advisable urgent imperative essential necessary obligatory vital fundamental important mandatory crucial desirable It + be (any tense) + adjective + that + subject + verb [in simple form] Ex: It is necessary that everyone be here on time. Page 12 7. Urban must rely on the rural hinterland for agricultural production. DWELL 8. As the world continues to , sustainable development depends increasingly on the successful management of urban growth. URBAN 9. A city that grows without these structures in place is at high risk for poverty and . STABLE 10. The disease is common in developing countries lacking adequate sewage and sanitation . FACILITATE 11. Some people worry that the city has become . POPULATE 12. Since the number of people aspiring for jobs is more than jobs available, is a natural outcome of situation. EMPLOY III. Put the verbs in the correct form. 1. Jenny asked that we (attend) her graduation ceremony next week. 2. It is important to remember that Jane (think) very differently from you. She may not agree to the changes you have made in the organization of the company. 3. John insists that Sarah (invite) to the wedding; otherwise he will not attend. 4. The woman insisted that the lost child (take) to store's information desk so his parents could be paged. 5. The doctor recommended that Linda (reduce) her daily fat intake. 6. The environmental leader felt it was extremely important that the people of the city (allow) to voice their concerns over the new hotel being built on the bay. 7. It is necessary that a life guard (monitor) the summing pool while the children are taking their swimming lessons. 8. The sun is scorching today. I suggest you (put) on sunblock immediately before you get a sun IV. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. 1. Linda insisted that the newly-born baby after her husband's father. A. could be named B. be named C. must be named D. ought to be named 2. It was such a beautiful evening that one of us suggested we the meeting outside. A. could have B. had C. might have D. have 3. I requested that first-year students to change their courses in the first two weeks. A. would be permitted B. be permitted C. were permitted D. are permitted 4. His advisor recommended that he at least three courses each semester A. should speak B. speak C. would speak D. speaks 6. It's important that they to take her medicine twice a day. A. remember B. remembering C. to remember D. remembers 7. I suggest that Frank the instructions carefully before playing that game. A. reading B. to read C. read D. reads 8. Mrs. Smith demanded that the heater immediately. Her apartment was freezing. A. repaired B. be repaired C. repair D. to repair 9. It's vital that the United States on improving its public education system. A. focuses B. focus C. focusing D. focused Page 15 A. takes B. can take C. should take D. would take 5. It is important that he to the director of the programme. 10. The monk insisted that the tourists the temple until they had removed their shoes. A. not entering B. not to enter C. not enter D. don't enter V. Choose the correct answer that best completes each of the following sentences. 1. Due to industrialization, many changes were in people's daily lives. A. kept B. got C. maintained D. made 2. Urbanization is happening at such a brisk rate that the government is planning entire new cities in of large new urban populations. A. expectation B. anticipation C. danger D. view 3. The rapid of rural population to urban places give rise to housing problem and thus slums are developed in these places. A. increase B. rushes C. inflows D. poverty 4. The increase in population in urban places water and sanitation facilities, which results environmental pollution and health hazards. A. destroys - from B. breaks - into C. pressurizes - in D. decreases - on 5. Slums are urban areas that are populated with substandard housing and very poor living conditions. A. thinly B. thickly C. crowdedly D. heavily 6. Unemployment and poverty force people to in anti-social activities. A. include B. engage C. take D. oppose 7. Due to dumping of sewage from factories in water bodies, water pollution often results of epidemics. A. breakout B. outbreaks C. out breakings D. breaking outs 8. Access to education, health, social services and cultural activities is more available to people in cities than in villages. Page 16 A. B. C. D. readily willingly extremely comparatively 9. The public authority of Ho Chi Minh City is going to be problems of urban planning and management. A. come up with B. addressed with C. contented with D. got into 10. Vietnam is facing numerous challenges caused by rapid urbanization, leaving burdens on its technical and social . A. appliance B. facilities C. equipment D. infrastructure 11. Vietnam needs to its urbanization opportunities to become a middle income country. A. get B. seize C. make use D. exploit 12. Drastic measures to boost housing development should be to prevent properly market becoming a boom. A. initiated - from B. launched - for C. complemented - against D. conducted - to 13. The support policies for social housing development in Vietnam remained ineffective as only a few people were lucky enough to get to preferential loans. A. entrance B. method C. access D. approach 14. Although the UK is an urban society, more and more people are choosing to to the countryside. A. distribute B. relocate C. apply D. reach 15. In the absence of adequate medical services, congestion and poor sanitation in big cities may cause health . A. danger B. disadvantages C. demerits D. hazards 16. The United Nations estimates that 1.1 billion people have no access to fresh water and 2.4 billion lack access to adequate . A. sanitation B. facilities C. equipment D. congestion 17. In order to deal with problems including waste and water treatment and public transportation, developing smart cities will be the such challenges. A. means of coping with B. key to meeting C. approach to obtaining D. remedy for getting into 18. The government of Vietnam has given agriculture by 2020. to developing the digital industry, smart tourism, and A. preference B. priority C. advantage D. discrimination 19. There is a heavy on private transport that has led to the congestion of roads and increasing commuting time and pollution A. base B. independence C. reliance 20. It is impolite that you there when he gets off the plane. D. lean A. be not standing B. been not standing C. not be standing 21. They hope to a cure for the disease. D. not been standing A. catch up on B. come up with C. fill up with D. go out with 22. Although it was more than an hour late, the superstar finally showed up and the attention of the audience, A. grabbed B. held C. paid D. took 23. Don't worry. We're in good time; there's to hurry. A. impossible B. no need C. no purpose D. unnecessary Page 17 A. B. C. D. 3. Hung was invited to Hoa's party. He wants to thank her for the lovely party. Hung: "Thank you very much for a lovely party." – Hoa: “ ” A. Thanks. B. Have a good day! C. You are welcome. D. Cheers. 4. Tom: "I'm sorry, I won't be able to come". - Mary: “ .” A. Great! B. Oh, that's annoying C. Well, never mind D. Sounds likes fun 5. Tom: "Can you make it at 3 p.m on Friday for our meeting?" - Tony: “ ” A. OK, that's fine. B. That's not true. I met him three days ago. C. Very well, thanks. D. You have a point there, but I don't think so. 6. Student: "Could you help me to fax this report?" - Librarian: “ ’ A. Sorry I have no idea. B. It's very kind of you to say so. C. What rubbish! I don't think it's helpful. D. Certainly. What's the fax number? 7. John was in Hanoi and wanted to send a parcel to his parents. He asked a local passer-by the way to the post-office. Choose the most suitable response to fill in the blank in the following exchange. - John: "Can you show me the way to the nearest post office, please?" - Passer-by: “ ” Page 20 A. Not way, sorry. B. Just round the corner over there. C. Look it up in a dictionary! D. There's no traffic near here. 8. Lora has just bought a new skirt that she likes very much. Choose the most suitable response to fill in the blank in the following exchange. - Jane: "You look great in that red skirt, Lora!" - Lora: “ ” A. No, I don't think so. B. Oh, you don't like it, do you? C. Thanks I bought it at Macy's. D. Thanks, my mum bought it. C. READING I. Choose the word or phrase from the box that best fits the blank space in the following passage. especially relies which infrastructure transform environmentally CITIES GOING GREEN As more and more people concentrate in cities, planners are looking for ways to (1) cities into better living spaces. This can be done by improving existing (2) while also creating more public spaces that are both beautiful and green. This can be hard to accomplish, (3) _ in cities with a haphazard fashion. Some cities have been created with the idea of a green city as the goal. One such city, Masdar City in the United Arab Emirates, aims to become a model for other cities to follow. It is being known as a truly green city that (4) strictly on renewable sources such as solar energy to provide all of its energy needs. In addition, it will be a zero waste city in (5) everything that is used can be recycled. Whether it will truly accomplish its goal remains to be seen, but it will also act as an experiment for (6) -friendly areas to be tested. II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. SUSTAINABLE CITIES: A CLEANER FUTURE For the past few decades, there has been an urbanization trend around the world, where more and more people are moving to cities. Since 2009, the UN Habitat (1) that over 3 million people are moving into cities every week. Urban areas have been an attractive destination for migrants in (2) of finding a better job and a higher (3) living. While migrants contribute (4) to the economies of cities, ever-increasing populations raise issues of congestion, (5) of resources, and increased (6) on waste management infrastructure, healthcare, and education. By 2050, it is estimated that 70% of the world's population will live in cities which makes the concept of Sustainable Cities an efficient (7) the growing population. (8) , Sustainable Cities have an essential role in the urbanization trend to improve residents lives by (9) environmental initiatives and projects such as limiting CO2 gas emissions in the air, using renewable energy sources, or bringing awareness to environmental issues. With outdoor pollution killing over 3 million lives yearly, (10) in cities, it is evident that urbanization can increase the environmental (11) upon cities. Many cities around the world have redesigned their city planning strategies and commenced initiatives (12) these issues directly. 1. A. estimates 2. A. anticipation 3. A. reason for 4. A. virtually 5. B. expects B. hopes B. tax of B. practically B. collection C. claims C. view C. standard of C. immensely C. reputation D. counts D. possession D. cost of D. annually D. solution 21 A. distribution 6. A garbage 7. A. reaction to 8. A. Therefore 9. A. focusing on 10.A. the most 11.A. affect 12.A. to accept B. pressure B. resolution to B. Moreover B. depending on B. almost B. cause B. to assault C. demand C. answer to C. As regards C. developing on C. equally C. effect C.Page to improve D. dependence D. approach to D. However D. putting on D. mostly D. drawback D. to target III. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. burdens than proportion for enjoy grounds stagnant likely with prospects AN UNCERTAIN URBAN FUTURE Most publications discussing urban change predict that the world will continue to urbanise far into the future. Such projections should be viewed (1) caution. A steady increase in urbanisation among low income nations is (2) to occur only if they also have steadily growing economies. While we should hope that lower income nations achieve more buoyant economies, the current (3) for most of them are hardly encouraging, with political instability, civil war, and large debt (4) . There are also (5) for doubting whether a large (6) of the world's population will ever live in very large cities. In (7) economies, urbanisation levels do not increase much. In successful economies much new investment is going to small or medium sized cities. In regions with advanced transport and communications systems, rural inhabitants and enterprises can (8) standards of infrastructure and services and access to information that historically have been available only in urban areas. Thus, both low and high income nations may have smaller (9) expected increases in the populations of their cities, although (10) very different reasons. IV. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question. LIVING ROOFTOPS Creative urban planners continually seek new ways to make cities more satisfying places to live. One versatile tool in this pursuit is the "green roof" which draw from fundamental precepts in architectural design, horticulture, and urban development. At its most basis, a green roof system transforms a conventional roof into a living roof by adding a waterproof membrane. The membrane is then covered with drainage and filter layers, a growth medium (e.g. soil) and live plant. A green roof can be built on a flat or graded surface, can be thick or thin, and can feature flowering plants. Familiar rooftop garden have plants in pots or planters. A green roof goes further. It is an integral part of a building and one that offers ecological and economic benefits, as well as aesthetic appeal. Page 22 1. Urbanization is happening at such a brisk rate that the government t is planning entire new cities in of large new urban populations. 2. Due to dumping of sewage from factories in water bodies, water pollution often results in of epidemics. 3. The support policies for social housing development in Vietnam remained as only a few people were lucky enough to be able to get access to preferential loans. 4. There is a heavy reliance on private transport that has led to the of roads and increasing commuting time and pollution. 5. Urbanization has many effects on the structure of society as outbreaks concentrations of people compete for limited resources. 6. The quality of urban water bodies is increasingly worsened by a huge volume of untreated industrial and waste water. IV. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. Rapid urban growth has also brought a huge increase in the number of large cities, including many that have reached sizes that are historically unprecedented. A. remarkable B. extraordinary C. unknown D. original 2. Too much recent emphasis has been given to the fact that the world is becoming predominantly urban. A. mainly B. usually C. principally D. thoroughly 3. In fact, virtually all local governments are located in urban centers. A. effectively B. approximately C. impractically D. almost 4. Distinctions between rural and urban areas are also becoming almost obsolete in and around many major cities as economic activity spreads outwards. A. contemporary B. outdated C. discarded D. up to date 5. People in the city of Porto Alegre in Brazil, famous for its participatory budgeting have a life expectancy of 76 years. A. anticipation B. suspense C. lifespan D. hopefulness 6. Bangalore was renowned for its trees, lakes and pleasant air only 25 years ago. A. proverbial B. notable C. distinguished D. famous V. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. This restaurant was highly recommended for good service, delicious food and kind-hearted boss. A. ambitious and greedy B. attentive and helpful C. generous and gracious D. polite and friendly 2. Many people move to urban areas seeking for job opportunity as well as stable employment. A. durable B. long-lasting C. steady D. temporary 3. I propose that we wait until the budget has been announced before committing ourselves to any expenditure. A. approve B. recommend C. reject D. suggest 4. Until 1986 most companies would not even allow women to take the exams, but such gender discrimination is now disappearing. A. unfairness B. injustice C. partiality D. equality Page 25 5. Without economic security and amid poor living conditions, crime is inevitable. A. assured B. compulsory C. inescapable D. preventable VI. Choose the word or phrase from the box that best fits the blank space in the following passage. catch up with drastically factor to come made expansion grab put up Because of to URBANIZATION IN INDIA Population and economic growth has fostered urbanization in the country and the number of urban towns and cities have (1) increased. This growth is expected to continue in the years (2) and India has to step up its game in order to (3) this kind of change. Investments have to be (4) in order to better serve the country. There are several factors at play that have led to the urbanization in India - population growth and migration as one of the 2 major factors. Recently, a third (5) has been seen as a huge contributor (6) the urbanization growth: the (7) of towns and cities. This factor is due to the high economic growth that the city has witnessed over the years. (8) this, the government in India has decided to (9) the opportunity: projects to further thrust the country into urbanization, a number of smart cities to be (10) in various locations, and other initiatives. VII. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. AN URBANISING WORLD More than two thirds of the world's urban population is now in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Since 1950, the urban population of these regions has grown more than (1) . Rapid urban growth has also brought a huge (2) the number of large cities, including many that have (3) sizes that are historically (4) . Just two centuries ago, there were only two "million cities" worldwide (that is, cities with one million or more inhabitants) - London and Beijing (Peking). By 1950, there were 80; today there are over 300. Most of these million cities are in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, and (5) have populations that have grown more than tenfold since 1950. Brasilia, the federal capital of Brazil, did not exist in 1950 and now has more than 2 million inhabitants. "Mega-cities," with ten or more million inhabitants are a new (6) . The first city to reach this size was New York in around 1940. There were 12 mega-cities by 1990 (the latest year for which there are (7) accurate statistics as data for 2000 (8) are not available or censuses are scheduled for 2001); seven were in Asia, three in Latin America, and two in the United States. In 1800, the average size of the world's 100 largest cities was fewer than 200 000 inhabitants but now it is over 5 million. These (9) give the impression of rapid urbanization that is primarily (10) on large cities. But this is not the case. 1. A. fivefold B. five time C. twices D. doubles 2. A. decrease in B. increase in C. peaking in D. fluctuation in 3. A. reached B. lengthened C. prolonged D. approached 4. A. unsurpassed B. unrivaled C. unmatched D. unprecedented 5. A. the number of B. many C. quite a little D. a great deal of 6. A. event B. ceremony C. phenomenon D. reaction 7. A. roughly B. generally C. reasonably D. relatively 8. A. censuses B. conveys C. investigations D. probation 9. A. documents B. circumstances C. opinions D. statistics Page 26 10. A. based B. impacted C. focused D. depend VIII. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question. Overpopulation, the situation of having large numbers of people with too resources and too little space, is closely associated with poverty. It can result from high population density, or from low amounts of resources, or from both. Excessively high population densities put stress on available resources. Only a certain number of people can be supported on a given area of land, and that number depends on how much food and other resources the land can provide. In countries where people live primarily by means of simple farming, gardening, herding, hunting and gathering, even large areas of land can support only small numbers of people because these labor-intensive subsistence activities produce only small amounts of food. In developed countries such as the United States, Japan and the countries of Western Europe, overpopulation generally is not considered a major cause of poverty. These countries produce large quantities of food through mechanized farming, which depends on commercial fertilizers, large-scale irrigation and agricultural machinery. This form of production provides enough food to support the high densities of people in metropolitan areas. A country's level of poverty can depend greatly on its mix of population density and agricultural productivity. Bangladesh, for example, has one of the world's highest population densities, with 1,147 persons per sq. km. A large majority of the people of Bangladesh engage in low-productivity manual farming, which contributes to the country's extremely high level of poverty. Some of the smaller countries in Western Europe, such as the Netherlands and Belgium, have high population densities as well. These countries practice mechanized farming and are involved in high-tech industries, however, and therefore have high standards of living. At the other end of the spectrum, many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have population densities of less than 30 persons per sq. km. Many people in these countries practice manual subsistence farming; these countries also have infertile land, and lack the economic resources and technology to boost productivity. As a consequence, these nations are very poor. The United States has both relatively low population density and high agricultural productivity, it is one of the world's wealthiest nations. High birth rates contribute to overpopulation in many developing countries. Children are assets to many poor families because they provide labor, usually for farming. Cultural norms in traditionally rural societies commonly sanction the value of large families. Also, the governments of developing countries Page 27 Page 30 • composition /ˌkɒmpə'zɪʃn/: = constitution, configuration: thành phần • disturb /dɪ'stɜ:b/ (v): = distract, interrupt: làm phiền B. GRAMMAR REVIEW I. CONNECTING WORDS (TỪ NỐI) Conjunction (liên từ): • là từ dùng nối câu hoặc nối từ • đứng sau một dấu “,” hoặc không cần đến Connector (từ nối): • thường dùng để nối câu • thường dùng giữa hai loại dấu 1. Nhóm chỉ sự bổ sung thông tin • Conjunction: + and, and also.... và... + as well as .... cùng nhur + both ... and ... : vừa ... vừa ... + not only... but also ... không những ... mà còn... • Connector: + Moreover = Furthermore: hơn thế nữa + In addition: thêm vào đó + Besides: ngoài ra + What's more: hơn thế 2. Nhóm chỉ thông tin trái ngược • Conjunction: + but, yet: nhưng + số đếm: one, two…; số thứ tự: second…; whereas: trái lại… • Collector: + However = Netherless: tuy nhiên, nhưng + On the other hand: mặt khác + In contrast; trái lại + On the contrary: ngược lại 3. Thông tin kết quả (vì vậy, do đó. . ) • Conjunction: + so, thus, hence: vì vậy • Connector: + Therefore: vì vậy + As a result: kết quả là + Consequently: kết quả là + Accordingly: do đó BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 1: Decide if the following sentences are compound or complex. 1. The house was destroyed in the fire, but the whole family was saved. 2. Walking through the wood, he saw a fox that was following him. 3. If I do not get this job, I will start a business. 4. He said that he was so disappointed that he would not try again. 5. The men who rule the world with their pens are mightier than those who rule the world with their swords. 6. The evil that men do lives after them. 7. All that glitters is not gold. 8. Neither the color nor the design of this cloth appeals to me. Page 31 Bài 2: Decide whether the following sentences are simple, complex or compound. 1. We met rather few people who spoke English. 2. I have been on rather too many planes and trains recently. 3. We drove to the city two days ago. 4. I don't care how expensive it is. 5. Two minutes ago the child was fast asleep, but now he is wide awake. 6. He is not tall enough to be a soldier. 7. I guess she just doesn't respect you. 8. I have got four sisters and each of them is quite different from the others. 9. When all else fails, read the manual. 10. He will never leave home because he hasn't got the courage to. Bài 3: Choose the correct answer. 1. That's the woman I spoke about the job. A. of whom B. to whom C. whom 2. The house they live is opposite a big park. A. to which B. which C. in which 3. All of the exam papers are collected and given to the examiners, job it is to mark them. A. who B. whose C. whom 4. This is the title of the book I need for my course. A. what B. x C. where 5. Near hotel there's a great gym you can work out. A. is where B. in where 6. My mother, , has decided to learn Chinese. C. where A. who is retired B. she is retired 7. My car, I can't get to work, has broken down. C. is retired A. without which B. to which C. of which 8. We waited for an hour to be served, but our meal, , was awful. A. it arrived B. when it is arrived C. when it arrived Bài 4: Combine the following pairs of simple sentences into complex sentences. 1. Tim went to the movies. He had a lot of work to do. 2. John is a brilliant boy. He has won several honors. 3. Mike didn't get the job. He lacked the necessary qualifications. 4. Bill is a baseball player. He is known all over the world. Bài 5: Change the following complex sentences into compound sentences. 1. Although she is arrogant, I like her. 2. Though she is young, she is very responsible. Page 32 C. Complex D. Compound-complex 17. The new girl in our class has a brother in grade 7 and a sister in grade 9. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 18. You should read every day if you want to improve your English more quickly. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 19. Although it was cold and the rain was getting heavier, we decided to go fishing as planned. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 20. You should start working a little harder or you are going to fail your test. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 21. I didn't know what time it was so I was very late to class. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 22. Most European countries now use the Euro, but the United Kingdom still uses the pound (£). A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 23. To build a doll's house you need wood, a hammer, a saw, and lots of nails. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 24. She failed her driving test because she didn't look in her mirror often enough. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 25. He got up, walked over to the window, and jumped out. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex Bài 10: Combine each of the following sets of simple sentences into one complex sentence. 1. The strike was going to be called off. The leader told me that. 2. We can succeed only by combined effort. It goes without saying. 3. He may become a member. I don't know. 4. He is not educated. He is well experienced 5. I sank into the water. I felt great confusion of thought. I cannot describe it. 6. I went there. I found the door locked. 7. There is heavy rainfall here. Grapes will not grow in such places. 8. It may rain. Then the match will be cancelled. 9. You finish dressing. I will wait here. Page 35 Bài 11: Decide whether each of the following lines is a phrase (P), independent clause (IC), or dependent clause (DC). 1. because it was easy 2. a pearly red balloon 3. after I submitted my essay 4. the movie was interesting 5. jumped across the wide path 6. I like kiwis 7. although writing is complicated 8. there is so much to say 9. if I want to learn everything 10. a heavy, old book Bài 12: Identify the clauses by placing square brackets [ ] around dependent clauses and curly brackets { } around independent clauses and then decide whether the sentence is compound, complex or compound-complex. 1. Even if every step seems difficult you should keep trying for the best things are worth fighting for. 2. I did my very best to write a good cover letter and I finally sent my application to my favorite company for review. 3. Whenever the rain falls I remember how important the simple things are and I feel glad to be where I am. 4. If you really want good English editing service you should try it since it's fast and efficient. 5. Every morning I get up early and I get ready to go out but today my alarm didn't ring. 6. I think summer is the best time of year because everything is growing and green so the whole world seems new. 7. Although travel can be fun alone it's better if you take a friend given that experiences are always better if they're shared. 8. As soon as you get my letter write back to me and I will think of something new to write back to you whenever I get your response. 9. I really want to know how to get a ticket yet every time I try to call the office I get a busy signal. 10. No matter how much you study it takes practice and application to really learn how to master English so just keep trying to use what you know as often as you can and you'll succeed! Test 1 PHONETICS I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. illegal B. climatic C. benefit D. bioclimatic 2. A. researcher B. energy C. number D. death 3. A. arrested B. estimated C. claimed D. penetrated 4. A. revolution B. election C. interrogation D. question 5. A. rehear B. appear C. realize D. peace II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. Page 36 1. A. attitude B. infamously C. geneticist D. socialist 2. A. preference B. attraction C. advantage D. infinitive 3. A. interview B. essential C. comfortable D. industry 4. A. situation B. interrogation C. detention D. coalition 5. A. difficult B. simplicity C. discovery D. commodity B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I. Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences. percentages nuclear survival derived hydrogen energy Contaminants improve 1. Solar technology has also emerged for the clean and renewable production of as an alternative energy source. 2. The sun is a powerful source, and this energy source can be harnessed by installing solar panels. 3. are subsequently removed by harvesting the above-ground shoot biomass for volume reduction and storage. 4. It is not only about looking better though, Green cities are also trying to the efficiency of cities and raise the standard of living for people who stay in them. 5. It was more surprising that many of the respondents also had not recently heard or read about hydrogen cars, wind energy or energy. 6. The numbers on a bag of fertilizer tell you the of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium found in the bag. 7. Pollution poses health hazards, endangers wild life and makes the planet unsafe for future human . II. The term "plastic" is derived from the Greek word "plastikos", meaning fit for moulding. Give the correct form of the words in the following sentences. 1. Rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which can reduce cooling bills. SIGNIFICANT 2. Solar radiation can be either into thermal energy (heat) or into electrical energy, though the former is easier to accomplish. CONVERSION 3. The doctor said the vitamin would my calcium deficiency. REPLENISHING 4. Nick left the house and strolled down the to the garden. PATH 5. If we continue to our natural resources, our children will pay the price. DEPLETATION 6. Do you know the oldest type of energy is the biomass that is derived from plant matter? SUSTAIN 7. When hiking in the wilderness, it is important to properly of anything you can't pack out. DISPOSABLE 8. We buy food at the farmers' market. It costs a little bit more, but we think it's better for our health. ORGAN 9. Jane Goodall studied chimpanzees for many years in their native in Africa. HABITATION Page 37 4. Solar technology has also emerged for the clean and renewable production of hydrogen as an alternative energy source. A. infinite B. substitute C. endless D. restricted 5. The sun is a powerful energy source, and this energy source can be harnessed by installing solar panels. A. dug B. transmitted C. devastated D. exploited 6. Pollution poses health hazards, endangers wild life and makes the planet unsafe for future human survival. A. stems B. triggers off C. results from D. be caused by 7. Any environmental damage must be punishable by law, and polluters should pay compensation for the damage caused to the environment. A. rewards B. ransom C. damages D. savings 8. Pollution had also been a major problem, devastating the natural habitats of many animals and damaging the earth beyond repair. A. hopeful B. recoverable C. reversible D. past mending 9. Solar panels could be used on the new development as part of a drive towards environmental sustainability. A. steadiness B. inconstancy C. change D. fluctuation 10. Hazardous gases refer to all kinds of gas that can be potentially harmful to humans in certain concentrations. A. secure B. certain C. excessive D. noxious 11. Many herbicides and pesticides take a long time to degrade and build up in the soils or throughout the food chain. A. dignify B. accumulate C. defrost D. deteriorate 12. There are plenty of potential toxins still being ignored, with less than half of the 5,000 new chemicals widely dispersed throughout the environment since 1950. A. harmless compounds B. safe matters C. poisonous substances D. immortal particles 13. One out of every four premature deaths in India in 2015, or some 2.5 million, was attributed to pollution. A. associated with B. got along with C. derived from D. broken down 14. The authorities are now making a determined effort to adapt to the climate change in mountain regions to ensure that climbing can continue. A. preserve B. stabilize C. adjust to D. generate 15. The biological agents now in use are environmentally benign and are harmless to humans. A. hostile B. unfriendly C. friendly D. unfavorable 16. Renewable resources are exploited so much that they will never be able to recover completely. A. destroyed B. run off C. utilized D. built up VII. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. Page 40 1. Contaminants are subsequently removed by harvesting the above-ground shoot biomass for volume reduction and storage. A. later B. eventually C. previously D. afterwards 2. The introduction of harmful substances in the air results in detrimental impacts to the environmental and humanity. A. harmful B. benign C. noxious D. disastrous 3. Offshore oil drilling has a significant negative impact on fragile marine and coastal ecosystems, and that the risk of a devastating spill isn't worth taking. A. durable B. easily broken C. vulnerable D. delicate 4. Without action, the impacts of climate change threaten to catastrophically damage our world. A. beneficially B. ruinously C. fatally D. terribly 5. Global Forest Watch has also initiated a project to counteract deforestation through awareness. A. introduced B. commenced C. launched D. completed 6. Some groups of animals such as amphibians are particularly vulnerable to these chemical pollutants and suffer greatly as a result of the high levels of herbicides and pesticides in their habitat. A. in peril B. in jeopardy C. open to attack D. durable 7. Cigarette butts are not biodegradable and contain extremely toxic soluble chemicals. A. venomous B. deadly C. endangered D. harmless 8. By 2020, global surface temperature will be more than 0.5°C (0.9°F) warmer than the 1986-2005 average, regardless of which carbon dioxide emissions pathway the world follows. A. irrespective of B. without respect to C. in respect to D. disregard for 9. Everyday, the world produces carbon dioxide that is released to the earth's atmosphere and which will still be there in one hundred years time. A. trapped B. let off C. discharged D. emitted 10. Global warming is now accelerating the rate of sea level rise, increasing flooding risks to low-lying communities. A. decelerating B. gaining momentum C. picking up speed D. getting a move on C. READING I. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides - The Green Revolution regimen depend heavily on technology. One alternative, however, depends much (1) on technology - organic farming. Many organic farmers use machinery, but not chemical fertilizers or pesticides. (2) chemical soil enrichers, they use animal manure and plant parts not used as food - natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (3) . Organic farmers also use alternatives for pesticides, for example, they may rely on natural predators of certain insect pests. (4) the need arises, they can buy the eggs and larvae of these natural predators and introduce them into their crop fields. They use other techniques to control pests as well, like planting certain crops together because one crop repels the other's pests. Organic farmers do not need a lot of land, in fact organic farming is perfectly (5) to small farms and is relatively inexpensive. Finally, many organic farmers' average yields compare favorably with other farmers' yields. Page 41 1. A. more B. less C. better D. worse 2. A. In spite of B. On account of C. In favor of D. Instead of 3. A. resource B. source C. matter D. substance 4. A. Then B. If C. Because D. Thought 5. A. suitable B. open C. likely D. suited II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. GREEN ENERGY Fossil fuels are used to generate the majority of the world's energy, and they come in different forms. For example, coal may be burned in a power (1) to generate electricity, but gasoline is burned in a car's engine to make it run. Neither of these two sources is considered green energy because they produce a lot of pollution when they are burned. In addition, they come from a source that is inevitably going to (2) . Green energy can be defined as any energy source that is to some degree non-polluting. When it is called (3) , this means that a person can replace the same amount of energy that was consumed by that person (4) that person's lifetime. Since it took millions and millions of years to create the fossil fuels that we now burn, we know that they cannot be replaced by us. Wind power and solar power, (5) harnessed properly, are two excellent sources of green energy. Once the necessary parts such as wind turbines to generate wind power and solar panels to create solar power have been produced, only the pollution from the production is left. 1. A. point B. outlet C. factory D. plant 2. A. run out of B. run out C. burn out D. cut out 3. A. durable B. sustainable C. harmful D. effective 4. A. along B. about C. within D. during 5. A. where B. when C. which D. what III. Choose the word or phrase from the box that best fits the blank space in the following passage. Experts in climatology and other scientists are becoming extremely concerned about the changes to our climate which are taking place. Admittedly, climate changes have occurred on our planet before. For example, there have been several ice ages or glacial periods. These climatic changes, however, were different from the modern ones in that they occurred gradually and, as far as we know, naturally. The changes currently being monitored are said to be the result not of natural causes, but of human activity. Furthermore, the rate of change is becoming alarmingly rapid. The major problem is that the planet appears to be warming up. According to some experts, this warming process, known as global warming, is occurring at a rate unprecedented in the last 10,000 years. The implications for the planet are very serious. Rising global temperatures could give rise to such ecological disasters as extremely high increases in the incidence of flooding and of droughts. These could have a harmful effect on agriculture. It is thought that this unusual warming on the Earth has been caused by so-called greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, being emitted into the atmosphere by car engines and modern industrial processes, for example. Such gases not only add to the pollution of the atmosphere, but also create a greenhouse effect, by which the heat of the sun is trapped. This leads to the warming up of the planet. Page 42 away the protective margin of the Sahel, and causing the desert to grow at an alarming rate. Between 1950 and 1975, the Sahara Desert spread 100 kilometers southward through the Sahel. 1. Which of the following statement is true about desertification? A. It has a history as long as that of civilization B. It was just as serious in the past as it is today. C. It is a fairy recent problem. D. Ancient societies managed the problem well. 2. The word "arable" in paragraph 2 is closet in meaning to . A. cultivate B. dry C. settled D. populated 3. According to the passage, many people's understanding of desertification is incorrect because . A. they do not think of it as a serious problem B. they see it as being reversible C. they do not see it as being caused by human activity D. they think of it as a very slow process 4. According to the passage, agriculture further desertification through which the following activities . A. The repetitive planting of the same crop B. Irrigation C. The stripping away of native vegetation D. Over fertilization 5. The word “degradation” in paragraph 4 is closet in meaning in . A. rejuvenation B. deterioration C. contribution D. consumption 6. Paragraph 4 of the passage serves mainly to do which of the following . A Show the progress of desertification down through history B. Propose a method for dealing with the desertification problem C. Describe one progress that leads to desertification D. Describe the main cause of desertification in one particular area E. TEST YOURSELF I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. government B. monument C. movement D. comment 2. A. motto B. photograph C. force D. vote 3. A. demolish B. supporter C. resource D. reformist 4. A. attained B. resolved C. disused D. decreased 5. A. expand B. stagnant C. vacancy D. applicant II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. compulsory B. biography C. curriculum D. admirable 2. A. predominance B. environment C. technology D. superstition 3. A. mature B. mailbox C. surface D. manner 4. A. struggle B. enlarge C. occur D. survive 5. A. participate B. psychology C. ability D. temporary III. Choose the best answer. 1. Most reptiles have three chambers in their hearts, some do have four. A. in spite B. although C. despite of D. so long as Page 45 2. Mammals, are warm-blooded, meaning that they generate their own body heat and are thus more tolerant of temperature extremes. A. On the other hand B. In contrast C. In short D. In conclusion 3. Birds and mammals, they are warm blooded, move more swiftly and have greater physical endurance than reptiles. A. although B. thus C. because D. besides 4. We should set our printer's default it prints on both sides of the page. A. besides B. and C. so D. therefore 5. Your computer may go to sleep, it's still consuming energy. A. but B. even though C. so D. furthermore 6. We use compact florescent light bulbs, last 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs. A. what B. that C. which D. they 7. We should keep our freezer full it runs more efficiently than an empty one. A. therefore B. but C. so D. because 8. brown and black bears, polar bears do not hibernate during the winter. A. Alike B. Unlike C. Unlikely D. Apart from 9. , farmers are facing more floods and droughts in our country and elsewhere. A. Meanwhile B. In the meanwhile C. For the meanwhile D. In meantime 10. these two sources is considered green energy because they produce a lot of pollution when they are burned. A. Both of B. Neither of C. Because of D. On account of 11. Animals like the Bengal tiger, other endangered species, are a valuable part of the world's ecosystem. A. As though B. As a consequence C. As well as D. Such as 12. Some countries, circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves. A. so as to B. similar to C. owing to D. to conclude 13. You should your car with petrol before starting on a journey. A. deal B. supply C. replenish D. offer 14. The continued of our ozone may cause terrible destruction to our planet. A. conservation B. responsibility C. change D. depletion 15. These eggs come from free-range chickens eat only organic grains. A. which B. what C. who D. they 16. An example of is plant material that produces electricity with steam. A. biomass B. fossil fuel C. purification D. pathway 17. There was no food in the refrigerator, so she had to visit the grocery store to their supply. A. conserve B. make full C. spoilt D. replenish 18. Many native plants have been seriously by the introduction of exotic plants which are taking over. A. depleted B. caused C. disposed D. fulfill Page 46 19. Tornadoes are known to have higher winds than tropical cyclones, tornadoes are much smaller. A. so B. however C. therefore D. but 20. Earthquakes are one of the scariest natural phenomena they are so unpredictable. A. because B. but C. so D. neither 21. Too many products come in packaging, and it's so wasteful! A. disposed B. disposing C. disposable D. disposal 22. China, India, Nepal, Vietnam, Indonesia, the Philippines, and other nations of Asia and the Pacific are making substantial commitments to their natural resources. A. replace B. conserving C. conservation D. be conserved 23. Plant shade trees to reduce summer heat reduce watering needs in summer months. A. and B. but C. so D. or 24. It has been said that the wars of the future will not be fought over land. , they will be fought over the water supply. A. However B. Besides C. Instead D. Therefore 25. any ice, there is nowhere for the bears to stalk their prey. A. Despite B. Without C. In addition to D. Apart from IV. Choose the correct word to complete the following sentences. clean defense ecologically benign expense exploited infinite patterns extreme addressing 1. Today, the developed nations who achieved their wealth at the of the environment will be held accountable for protecting the earth's resources. 2. We can create environmentally- industries, harness the power of the sun, wind and waves for our energy needs and manage the finite resources of the Earth. 3. You can make your voice heard in of the living world by joining Greenpeace today. 4. In recent years, the chemical industry has introduced several herbicides that are more sound. 5. The biological agents now in use are environmentally and are harmless to humans. 6. Environmental groups are environmental concerns in the context of wider issues such as minority and gender relations, poverty, and community development. 7. Renewable resources are so much that they will never be able to recover completely. 8. If we are sensible in how we use the resources they will remain . 9. The warming of the Pacific Ocean has created weather that strongly affect the world. 10. Global warming is making weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, even more severe and causing sea levels all around the world to rise. V. Give the correct form of the verbs to fill in the blank. 1. Global Forest Watch has also (initiate) a project to counteract deforestation through awareness. 2. Lessons learned from these techniques can (apply) across the world, in places where vulnerable species are in danger from encroaching human settlement. Page 47 by-product of our advancing technology causes physical and psychological harm, and detracts from the quality of life for those who are exposed to it. Unlike the eyes, which can be covered by the eyelids against strong light, the ear has no lid, and is therefore, always open and vulnerable; noise penetrates without protection Noise causes effects that the hearer cannot control and to which the body never becomes accustomed. Loud noises instinctively signal danger to any organism with a hearing mechanism, including human beings. In response, heartbeat and respiration accelerate, blood vessels constrict, the skin pales, and muscles tense. In fact, there is a general increase in functioning brought about by the flow of adrenaline released in response to fear, and some of these responses persist even longer than the noise, occasionally as long as thirty minutes after the sound has ceased. Because noise is unavoidable in a complex, industrial society, we are constantly responding in the same way that we would respond to danger. Recently, researchers have concluded that noise and our response may be much more than an annoyance. It may be a serious threat to physical and psychological health and well-being, causing damage not only to the ear and brain but also to the heart and stomach. We have long known that hearing loss is America's number one nonfatal health problem, but now we are learning that some of us with heart disease and ulcers may be victims of noise as well. Fetuses exposed to noise tend to be overactive, they cry easily and they are more sensitive to gastrointestinal problems after birth. In addition, the psychic effect of noise is very important. Nervousness, irritability, tension, and anxiety increase affecting the quality of rest during sleep, and the efficiency of activities during waking hours, as well as the way that we interact with each other. 1. Which of the following is the author's main point? A. Hearing loss is America's number one nonfatal health problem. B. Loud noises signal danger. C. Noise may pose a serious threat to our physical and psychological health, D. The ear is not like the eye. 2. According to the passage, what is noise? A. A byproduct of technology B. Physical and psychological harm C. Congestion D. Unwanted sound 3. Why is noise difficult to measure? A. All people do not respond to it in the same way. B. It causes hearing loss. C. It is unwanted. D. People become accustomed to it. 4. The word congested in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by . A. hazardous B. crowded C. polluted D. rushed 5. The word it in the end of the first paragraph refers to . A. The quality of life B. our advancing technology Page 50 C. the noise D. physical and psychological harm 6. Look at the verb accelerate in paragraph 3. Which of the following is the closest meaning to it? A. cease B. rise C. swell D. increase 7. It can be inferred from this passage that the eye . A. responds to fears B. enjoys greater protection than the ear C. increases function D. is damaged by noise Page 51 Unit 4. THE MASS MEDIA A. VOCABULARY • addicted /əˈdɪktɪd/ (a): nghiện • advent /ˈædvent/ (n): sự đến/ tới sự kiện quan trọng • app ( = application) /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/ (n): ứng dụng • attitude /ˈætɪtjuːd/(n): thái độ, quan điểm • connect /kəˈnekt/(v): kết nối •cyberbullying /ˈsaɪbəbʊliɪŋ/(n): khủng bố qua mạng Internet • documentary /ˌdɒkjuˈmentri/(n): phim tài liệu • dominant /ˈdɒmɪnənt/(a): thống trị, có ưu thế hơn • drama /ˈdrɑːmə/(n): kịch, tuồng • efficient /ɪˈfɪʃnt/ (a): có hiệu quả • emerge /iˈmɜːdʒ/ (v): vượt trội, nổi bật, nổi lên • fivefold /ˈfaɪvfəʊld/ (adj, adv): gấp 5 lần • GPS ( Global Positioning System): hệ thống định vị toàn cầu • leaflet /ˈliːflət/ (n): tờ rơi, tờ in rời • mass /mæs/(n): số nhiều, số đông, đại chúng • media /ˈmiːdiə/ (n): ( số nhiều của medium) phương tiện • microblogging /ˈmaɪkrəʊblɒɡɪŋ/(n): việc (cá nhân) thường xuyên gửi các tin nhắn/ hình ảnh/ video lên mạng xã hội để cộng đồng mạng biết được các hoạt động của người đăng tin • pie chart /ˈpaɪ tʃɑːt/: biểu đồ tròn • social networking /ˌsəʊʃl ˈnetwɜːkɪŋ/: mạng xã hội • subscribe /səbˈskraɪb/(v): đặt mua dài hạn • tablet PC /ˌtæblət ˌpiː ˈsiː/: máy tính bảng • the mass media: truyền thông đại chúng • tie in /taɪ/(v): gắn với • website /ˈwebsaɪt/ (n): vị trí web, điểm mạng, cổng thông tin điện tử B. GRAMMAR REVIEW I. SIMPLE PAST (QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN) a. Với động từ "to be": (+) S + was/ were + O (-) S + wasn't/ weren't + O (?) Was/ were (not) + S + O? b. Với động từ “to do”: (+) S + Ved + O (-) S + didn't + V + O (?) Did (not) + S + V + O? c. Uses (Cách sử dụng) • Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và chấm dứt hoàn toàn trong quá khứ. Ex: I saw a movie yesterday. Page 52 E.g: She is talking about getting married. (Cô ta đang nói về việc kết hôn.) - Think about: nghĩ về, xem xét E.g: We think about money. (Chúng tôi nghĩ về tiền bạc) - worry about: lo lắng về E.g: He's always worrying about his weight. (Anh ấy luôn lo lắng về cân nặng của mình.) - dream about: mơ về E.g: I dreamt about you last night. (Tối qua tôi đã mơ thấy bạn.) ❖ AGAINST - decide against sth/ doing sth ~ decide not to do sth: quyết định chống lại điều gì/ quyết định không làm gì E.g: They decided against taking legal action. (Họ quyết định chống lại tố tụng) - warn (sb) against sb/ sth: cảnh báo/ cảnh cáo (ai) về ai/ điều gì, không nên làm gì E.g: He warned us against pickpockets, (ông ấy cảnh báo chúng tôi về những kẻ móc túi.) The guidebook warns against walking alone at night. (Quyển sách hướng dẫn cảnh báo không được đi một mình vào ban đêm.) ❖ AFTER - look after - take care of: chăm sóc, trông nom E.g: I will look after your children. (Tôi sẽ chăm sóc con của bạn) ❖ AT - excel at sth: trội, xuất sắc về cái gì E.g: He excels at playing chess. (Anh ấy chơi cờ rất xuất sắc) - laugh at: cười ai/ điều gì E.g: You never laugh at my jokes! (Cậu chưa bao giờ cười khi tớ kể chuyện cả!) - rejoice at sth: mừng rỡ, vui mừng về điều gì E.g: They rejoiced at hearing the news. (Họ rất mừng khi nghe tin) ❖ FOR - apologize for sth: xin lỗi về điều gì E.g: I apologized for being late. (Tôi xin lỗi vì đã đến muộn) We apologize for the late departure of this flight. (Chúng tôi xin lỗi vì sự chậm trễ của chuyến bay) - care for sb -take care of sb: chăm sóc ai đó đang bị ốm, người già hoặc trẻ em E.g: He is caring for three orphans in this area. (Anh ấy chăm sóc ba đứa trẻ mồ côi trong khu này) - care for sb/ sth: thích, yêu mến ai/ điều gì E.g: He cared for her more than she realized. (Anh ấy yêu cô ấy nhiều hơn là cô ấy nhận ra) - stand for sth: là chữ viết tắt của cái gì; đại diện cho cái gì; tha thứ cho điều gì; ủng hộ điều gì E.g: Page 55 Doves stand for peace. (Bồ câu tượng trưng cho hòa bình.) I wouldn't stand for that sort of behaviour from him, if I were you. (Nếu tôi là bạn thì tôi sẽ không tha thứ cho cách cư xử đó của anh ta.) - wait for sb/ sth: đợi ai/ điều gì E.g: I have been waiting for her for over 30 minutes. (Tôi đã đợi cô ấy hơn ba mươi phút) ❖ FROM - keep from sth: ngăn cản, nén, kiêng, nhịn, nín She could hardly keep from laughing. (Cô ấy khó mà nhịn được cười.) - recover from sth: phục hồi, hồi phục E.g: He recovered from his operation. (Anh ấy đã hồi phục sau cuộc phẫu thuật) - suffer from sth: chịu đựng, bị, đau cái gì E.g: He suffers from asthma. (Anh ta bị bệnh hen suyễn.) - refrain from sth: ngăn cản, ngừng, kìm lại, nhịn không làm gì E.g: Please refrain from smoking. (Vui lòng ngừng hút thuốc.) ❖ IN - believe in: tin tưởng, tin ở ai/ cái gì E.g: Do you believe in God? (Bạn có tin vào Chúa không?) - deal in sth: buôn bán E.g: The company deals in computer software. (Công ty buôn bán bằng phần mềm máy tính) - engage in sth: tham gia, tiến hành làm gì E.g: Even in prison, he continued to engage in criminal activities. (Ngay cả khi ở trong tù, anh ta vẫn tiếp tục tham gia vào các hoạt động tội phạm.) - participate/ take part + in sth: tham gia vào E.g: They will participate in running the race. (Họ sẽ tham gia vào cuộc chạy đua) - result in sth: gây ra, dẫn đến, đưa đến E.g: His recklessness resulted in failure. (Sự liều lĩnh của anh ta đã dẫn đến thất bại.) - specialize in sth: chuyên về, trở thành chuyên gia về, nổi tiếng về E.g:The shop specializes in hand-made chocolates. (Cửa hàng này chuyên bán sôcôla tự làm.) - succeed in sth: thành công trong việc làm gì E.g: He succeeded in winning the race. (Anh ấy đã thắng trong cuộc đua) Page 56 ❖ OF - approve of: tán thành, chấp thuận, bằng lòng E.g: They didn't approve of his actions. (Họ không tán thành hành động của anh ta) - dream of: mơ ước về điều gì (lúc bạn thức) E.g: I dreamt of being an English teacher. (Tôi đã mơ ước trở thành giáo viên Tiếng Anh.) - take care of: chăm sóc, trông nom E.g: You should take better care of yourself. (Bạn nên chăm sóc bản thân tốt hơn) - think of: nghĩ tới, nhớ tới, tưởng tượng E.g: That's a good idea. Why didn't I think of that? (Ý kiến đó hay đấy. Tại sao tôi không nghĩ tới nhỉ?) ❖ OFF - call off ~ cancel: hủy bỏ E.g: He called off playing the game in the rain. (Anh ấy dừng chơi trò chơi trong cơn mưa) The game was called off because of bad weather. (Trò chơi bị hủy bỏ bởi thời tiết xấu) - put off ~ delay: trì hoãn E.g: Perhaps we should put off the trip to Ha Long Bay. A big storm is coming. (Có lẽ chúng ta nên tạm hoãn chuyến đi Vịnh Hạ Long. Một cơn bão lớn đang đến.) ❖ OVER think over: xem xét, cân nhắc kỹ lưỡng trước khi đưa ra quyết định E.g: He'd like more time to think things over. (Anh ấy cần thêm thời gian để cân nhắc) - talk over: thảo luận tỉ mỉ điều gì E.g: You'll find it helpful to talk things over with a friend. (Bạn sẽ thấy hữu ích khi thảo luận mọi thứ với bạn bè.) ❖ ON - agree on sth: đồổng ý việc gì E.g: We agreed on renting the house. (Chúng tôi đồng ý cho thuê ngôi nhà) - concentrate on: tập trung E.g: She gave up German in order to concentrate on her French. (Cô ấy từ bỏ tiếng Đức để tập trung vào tiếng Pháp) - depend on: phụ thuộc Page 57 10. Who does this car belong ? ■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO Bài 3: Change the following compound sentences into complex sentences. 1. He's a good friend and very helpful - you can always rely him. A. on B. for C. with D. to 2. Accommodation was so expensive in Switzerland. I spent all my money hotels. A. at B. for C. on D. to 3. You can confide me if you have a personal problem you need to discuss. A. for B. in C. on D. at 4. He's always boasting how good a guitarist he is. A. to B. about C. on D. at 5. My boss has just resigned. I don't think he could cope the pressure. A. to B. with C. on D. by 6. The online game is aimed teenagers and young adults. A. for B. in C. at D. on 7. My wife has passed her driving test and has applied her license. A. in B. at C. to 8. My grandfather suffered arthritis. D. for A. from B.on C. in 9. Do you believe life after death? D. of A. for B. at C. on D. in 10. I liked English at school, but I was terrible French. A. for B. on C. in D. at 11. The careers officer will provide you all the relevant information about the job. A. by B. in C. with D. at 12. I always turn my father for advice. He's like a wise owl. A. for B. to C. on D. By Bài 9: Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition. 1. I need you to explain Mary the lesson. 2. It's a bad problem, so you should do something it. (to resolve something) 3. I thought ……………..….. you when I heard that song. 4. They are thinking ……………….. going to Nha Trang for holiday. 5. I’m sorry to hear ………………. your accident. 6. He blamed me ……………….. your accident. 7. He blamed the accident …………… me. 8. They will provide us all the necessary information soon. Bài 4: Complete the following sentences with the verbs either in Past Simple or Past Perfect Tense. 1. After we it on the phone, I him an email about it. (discuss, write) Page 60 2. Before we Bin to the theatre, he a stage play before. (take, never see) 3. By the time we , the football match . (arrive, finish) 4. He to do the job in an hour, but he still by 7 o'clock. (promise, not finish) 5. I the carpet when the dog in and shook himself. (just clean, come) 6. By the time I , the concert . (arrive, finish) 7. I the shop as soon as I the contents of the box. (ring, check) 8. They the door before I there. (lock, get) 9. We a good rest when our guests . (have, leave) 10. When she the office this morning, Tom out. (ring, already go) Bài 5: Complete the e-mail with suitable prepositions. If no preposition is necessary, write “x” in the gap. Hi Daisy, Have you heard from Tim recently? I telephone (1) him last week and also sent (2) him an e- mail but he hasn't replied. I want to apologize (3) him (4) forgetting to water his plants while he was away. He left me the keys to his room but I completely forgot. I don't suppose he'll ever rely (5) me for anything after this! Are you going to take part (6) the music concert at the end of the term? I am. Rehearsals start this week and I'm going to sing a traditional song from my country. I think it's a great way to make friends (7) people I wouldn't meet otherwise. By the way, I must congratulate you (8) your test results! I wish somebody would explain (9) me how to get an A on a test! Seriously, though, you worked hard and you deserve it. Take care, Lisa Test 1 I. Choose the correct word in the bracket to complete the sentences. shoot show censore broadcast edit scan print receive publish refer download 1. The term the mass media in English basically to TV, radio and newspapers. Page 61 2. The BBC World Service throughout the world. 3. A short wave or a VHF radio can many interesting stations. 4. They're a good film on TV tonight. 5. I a good program from the Internet the other day. Would you like a copy? 6. This book was by CUP and it was in Cambridge. 7. This article has been badly . 8. The film was in Spain. 9. They the film before showing it on TV. 10. I some photos I'd taken, so that I could send them to a friend in Australia. II. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. 1. That morning, I spent maybe 40 minutes over the horror of the shooting and a million other things the newspapers had to tell me. PORE 2. We have spent much of the past few years discovering that the digitization of news is ruining how we process information. COLLECT 3. Most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales, and revenue. ADVERTISE 4. Sweet people turn nasty at the of a hat on FB; it's stunning how fast they turn: like a hungry Rottweiler being teased with a piece of red meat. DROPPING 5. With to the above paragraph about nasty FBers, a recent study said that FB makes us "feel badly about ourselves", "makes us envious", "makes us sad" and “is a tedious distraction”. 6. Social networks and the analysis of them is an inherently interdisciplinary academic field which from social psychology, sociology, statistics, and graph theory. EMERGE 7. The first commercial automated cellular network was in Japan by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone in 1979. LAUNCH 8. Like many nonprofits, we use Facebook to connect with our audiences, and they use Facebook to stay in with us. TOUCHING 9. During that time, we've grown as an organization - adding staff positions, increasing programming. SIGNIFICANT 10. Some video clips and images shared by your friend may make you laugh and your brain gets some . RELAX III. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. Media plays a significant role in keeping everyone updated about the various events around the world. A. informed B. disinterested C. indifferent D. reluctant 2. Today, we can check out the latest news and current affairs with just few clicks of mouse or by simply switching on the radio or television A. matters B. meetings C. affections D. approval 3. The main purpose of media is to disseminate the information and knowledge. A. restrict B. spread C. conceal D. make it off the record Page 62 One of the biggest drawbacks about electronic newspapers and magazines is that they are often read without a subscription. As electronic media are (5) instantly over the Internet, the only way that money can be made is through advertisements, as most people don't want to pay for electronic (6) . This has left many of the news outlets on the Internet scrambling to find (7) of revenue. Probably the greatest criticism of online newspapers and magazines is that there often isn't very much invested in the stories as they come out. Rather than serious investigative journalism, the main point of many online (8) is merely to attract page views so that the advertisers on those pages must pay a small fee. In the age of (9) , finding the information (10) learning becomes the hardest task of all. II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. At the start of the social media revolution, Facebook quickly became the most popular (1) for sharing information with others. However, it is not the only service that people can use to express themselves. Those (2) believe in the old saying that "more is less" may want to check out Twitter. Part of Twitter's appeal is that it limits users to 140 characters whenever they update their status, nisor people to quickly "get to the point" when they are communicating. Twitter is a micro blogging service that was (3) by four American programmers in 2006. The founders chose the name Twitter because the word has two definitions: "a short burst of information" and "the sound that little birds make", both of (4) fit the description of what their service provides. In fact, some people have even labeled Twitter the "SMS of the Internet". Twitter is not just (5) words though. Users can also share videos and pictures. Another thing which truly sets Twitter apart from its competition is the hash tag. Hash tags are a special way of labeling and (6) information. They help people interested in a subject to find related posts and content. For example, some interested in sports could simply search for hash tag sports and they would find all messages tagged in this manner. Twitter has also allowed people to easily connect with others who they would have never had access to in the past. This has enabled fans to interact with their favorite celebrities by following their Twitter updates and sending them direct messages. (7) , there is no guarantee that the famous person will respond, as the celebrities may receive thousands of messages each day. However, there have been some pretty stunning interactions. (8) 2011, singer Justin Timberlake made headlines when he accepted an invitation from a female soldier to attend a Marine Corps ball. In return, many celebrities find it gratifying to know some of their supporters more closely. However, there is a dark side to Twitter (9) . Some people who don't think before send out tweets that can cause outrage by making inappropriate or insensitive remarks. In November 2013, Twitter went public on the New York Stock Exchange. The added investments should (10) the company to do some incredible things in the near future 1. A. position B. site C. area D. side 2. A. what B. which C. who D. that 3. A. published B. went C. turned D. created Page 65 4. A. when B. which C. that D. While 5. A. in B. for C. about D. from 6. A. classifying B. allowing C. defining D. sending 7. A. Moreover B. Of course C. However D. Although 8. A. In В. Ву C. Within D. During 9. A. organizations B. conversations C. applications D. implementations 10. A. make B. help C. have D. allow III. Read the passage and choose the best answer. The World Wide Web was developed by British physicist and computer scientist Timothy Berners- Lee as a project within the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland. Berners-Lee combined several existing ideas into a single system to make it easier for physicists to use data on the Internet. Most important, he added multimedia - the ability to include graphics - to the hyperlink concept found in a previous Internet service known as gopher. Berners-Lee had begun working with hypertext in the early 1980s. An early prototype implementation of the Web became operational at CERN in 1989, and the idea quickly spread to universities in the rest of the world. Groups at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign researched and extended Web technology. They developed the first browser that was used at many sites, named Mosaic, in 1993. To allow the Web to be accessed from a wide variety of computer systems, researchers built multiple versions of Mosaic. Each version was designed to be used with a specific operating system, the software that controls the computer. Within a year, computer programmer Marc Andreessen had formed a commercial company, Netscape Communications Corporation, to build and sell Web technologies. New vocabulary: gopher (n.): chuột túi, sóc túi má prototype (n.): người (vật) đầu tiên, nguyên mẫu implementation (n.): sự thi hành, sự thực hiện đầy đủ, sự bổ sung operational (adj.): thuộc hoạt động, thao tác; có thể có hiệu lực 1. The World Wide Web was developed by A. an American B. a British C. a Canadian D. a French 2. The word "multiple" in the reading means . A. plural B. single C. only D. numerous 3. Which word in the reading means "the instructions which control what a computer does; computer programs"? A. version B. software C. technology D. concept 4. Which word means "a connection that allows you to move easily between two computer documents or two pages on the Internet"? A. graphic B. datum C. project D. hyperlink 5. The scientist who developed the World Wide Web was majoring in A. math and physics B. math and computer C. computer and physics D. math, physics and computer 6. Which sentence below is not correct? A. Timothy Berners Lee spoke English very well Page 66 B. Timothy Berners-Lee was born in Geneva, Switzerland C. Timothy Berners-Lee was the first person to develop WWW. D. Some existing ideas were combined into a single system by him. 7. What did "Netscape Communications Corporation" do? A. to develop www B. to use data on the Internet C. to control the computer D. to build and sell Web technologies 8. Which sentence is not correct? A. "Hypertext" means "a way of joining a word or image to another page, document, etc. on the Internet or in another computer program so that you can move from one to the other easily". B. Berners-Lee had begun working with hypertext in the early 1980s. C. An early prototype implementation of the Web became operational at CERN in 1989. D. The idea slowly spread to universities in the rest of the world. 9. Who researched and extended Web technology? A. The European Organization for Nuclear Research B. Timothy Berners-Lee C. Marc Andreessen D. Groups at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 10. Which sentence is not correct? A. Mosaic was one of the scientists who developed WWW. B. The first browser that was used at many sites was developed in 1993. C. Each version was designed to be used with a particular working system. D. Researchers built numerous versions of Mosaic to allow the Web to be accessed from a wide variety of computer systems. TEST YOURSELF I. Give the correct form of the words to complete the following sentences. 1. The police had filmed the conversations. SECRETly 2. The media was accused of influencing the final . DECIDE sion 3. This evidence supports the view that there is too much on television. VIOLENT ce 4. She excelled in many great roles, most as Lady Macbeth at the National Theatre. MEMORY ably 5. On his , colleagues presented him with a set of golf clubs. RETIRE ment 6. The of prizes began after the speeches. PRESENT ation 7. The company must reduce costs to compete . EFFECT tive 8. We need to increase . PRODUCT tion 9. increases with age. ABLE ability 10. is on the increase. HOMElessness II. Fill each gap with an appropriate preposition. 1. She spent a lot of money on cosmetics. 2. He had suffered from loss of memory before he died. Page 67 3. A. existance B. digital C. important D. performance 4. A. played B. did C. behaved D. tagged 5. A. an app B. store C. mall D. shop 6. A. participating B. thinking C. launching D. finding 7. A. until B. by C. with D. for 8. A. Others B. Anothers C. Other D. Another 9. A. Although B. where C. Unless D. When 10. A. theory B. product C. tip D. strategy VII. Read the text and answer the questions. News Media are the means or methods by which people learn what is happening in the city, in the country and in the world. The news media can be classified into two general categories: the categories of print media and electronic media. Print media use the written material to communicate news to readers. Electronic media use air waves to send news into homes, offices and public places. Print Media are usually divided into magazines and newspapers. Most newspapers print news daily. For example, the newspaper "The New York Times" is published every day of the year. Most news magazines are published weekly, for instance, Newsweek and Time magazines are published once a week. The electronic media are generally divided into radio and television, Radio news is news that you listen to. In the United States many radio stations broadcast five minutes of news every hour. T.V news is that you not only listen to but also watch. In Canada and the United States, for example, many people watch an hour of news on TV at 6 o'clock in the evening. In the future, new categories of news media will develop. Even today, computers are beginning to influence the transmission and reception of news. 1. What do the print media use to communicate the news'? A. TV B. radio C. airwaves D. newspapers 2. What do the electronic media use to broadcast news? A. air waves B. magazines C. newspapers D. all of the above 3. What is the New York Times an example of? A. magazine B. newspapers C. radio program D. television program 4. Which of the following print media are published? A. Newsweek B. Time C. The New York Times D. All are correct. 5. Which of the following electronic media are broadcast? A. TV program B. newspapers C. magazines D. None is correct. Unit 5. CULTURAL IDENTITY A. VOCABULARY • assimilate /əˈsɪməleɪt/ (v): đồng hóa • assimilation /əˌsɪməˈleɪʃn/ (n): sự đồng hóa • attire /əˈtaɪə(r)/ (n): quần áo, trang phục • blind man's bluff: trò chơi bịt mắt bắt dê • cultural identity /ˈkʌltʃərəl aɪˈdentəti/: bản sắc văn hóa • cultural practices /ˈkʌltʃərəl ˈpræktɪs/: các hoạt động văn hóa, tập quán văn hóa Page 70 • custom /ˈkʌstəm/ (n): phong tục, tập quán • diversity /daɪˈvɜːsəti/ (n): tính đa dạng • flock /flɒk/ (v): lũ lượt kéo đến • maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ (v): bảo vệ, duy trì • martial spirit /ˈmɑːʃl ˈspɪrɪt/ (n.phr): tinh thần thượng võ • multicultural /ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəl/ (a): đa văn hóa • national custome /ˌnæʃnəl ˈkɒstjuːm/: trang phục dân tộc • national pride /ˌnæʃnəl praɪd/: lòng tự hào dân tộc • solidarity /ˌsɒlɪˈdærəti/ (n): sự đoàn kết, tình đoàn kết • unify /ˈjuːnɪfaɪ/ (v): thống nhất • unique /juˈniːk/ (a): độc lập, duy nhất, chỉ có 1 • unite /juˈnaɪt/ (v): đoàn kết • worship /ˈwɜːʃɪp/ (v): tôn kính, thờ cúng B. GRAMMAR REVIEW 1. THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN - Dùng để chỉ sự việc xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng vẫn còn tiếp tục ở hiện tại và có thể -vẫn còn tiếp diễn trong tương lai. Chúng ta sử dụng thì này để nói về sự việc đã kết thúc nhưng chúng ta vẫn còn thấy ảnh hưởng. Câu khẳng định Câu phủ định Câu nghi vấn S+ have/has + been + Ving CHÚ Ý: - S = I/ We/ You/ They + have - S = He She It + has Ví dụ: - It has been raining for 1 week. (Trời mua 1 tuần rồi.) - She has been living here for one year. (Cô ấy sống ở đây được một năm rồi.) S + haven't/hasn't been + Ving CHÚ Ý: - haven't = have not - hasn't = has not Ví dụ: - I haven't been studying English for 5 years. (Tôi không học tiếng Anh được 5 năm rồi.) - She hasn't been watching films since last year. (Cô ấy không xem phim từ năm ngoái.) Have/Has + S + been + V-ing? CHÚ Ý: - Yes, I we you/ they + have. - Yes, he/she/it + has. Vi dụ: - Have you been standing in the rain for more than 2 hours? (Bạn đứng dưới mưa hơn 2 tiếng đồng hồ rồi phải không?) - Yes, I have./ No, I haven't. - Has he been typing the report since this morning? (Anh ấy đánh máy bài báo cáo từ sáng rồi rồi phải không?) - - Yes, he has./No, he hasn't. • Cách sử dụng thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn: Page 71 Cách dùng Ví dụ Hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ và còn đang tiếp tục ở hiện tại (nhấn mạnh tính liên tục) She has been waiting for you all day (Cô nàng đã đợi cậu cả ngày rồi). She has been working here since 2010. (Cô ấy làm việc ở đây từ năm 2010). Hành động đã kết thúc trong quá khứ, nhưng chúng ta quan tâm tới kết quả tới hiện tại. It has been raining (Trời vừa mưa xong). I am very tired now because I have been working hard for 12 hours. (Bây giờ tôi rất mệt vì tôi đã làm việc vất vả trong 12 tiếng đồng hồ). 2. PHÂN BIỆT HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH và HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN Dạng thức, chức năng và cách sử dụng Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn Hiện tại hoàn thành Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn 1. Nhấn mạnh đến tính kết quả của một hành động Ex: I have read this book three times. 1. Nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của một hành động hành động Ex: She has been waiting for him all her lifetime. 2. Được sử dụng trong một số công thức sau: - I have studied English since I was 6 years old. - He has played squash for 4 years. - I have been to London twice. - I have never seen her before. - She has just finished her project. - She has already had breakfast. - He has not met her recently. 2. Được sử dụng trong một số công thức sau: - I have been running all the afternoon. - She has been hoping to meet him all day long. - I am so tired. I have been searching for a new apartment all the morning. - How long have you been playing the piano? - She has been teaching here for about 12 years. 3. Signal Words: ever, never, just, already, recently, since, for 3. Signal Words: all the morning, all the afternoon, all day long, since, for, how long... 3. SO SÁNH KÉP a. Lũy tiến: càng ngày càng... • Short Adj/ Adv S + be/ V + adj/ ady - er and adj/ adv - er Ex: The climate is getting hotter and hotter. • Long Adj/ Adv S + be/ V + more and more + adj/ adv Ex: The environment is more and more polluted. b. Đồng tiến: càng ... càng... • Short Adj/ Adv The adj/ adv – er + S1 + V1, the adj, adv – er + S2 + V2 Ex: The older he is, the weaker he becomes. • Long Adj/ Adv Page 72 A. fancy B. think C. imagine 5. What are the differences among types of the media? D. want A. peace B. sameness C. likes 6. Heavy rain causes floods all over the country. D. need A. light B. thin C. tiny 7. Television can make us passive. D. trivial A. obtrusive B. enterprising C. energetic 8. It is an enjoyable way to relax. D. strong A. incorrect B. improper C. hateful 9. We don't have to think so our brain becomes lazy. D. unpleasant A. quick B. diligent C. hard 10. The council demolished it. D. good A. made B. did C. started D. construct VI. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. The President escaped through a secret passage underneath the parliament building. A. answer B. hidden C. confidence D. basis 2. Which channel do you recommend to someone who likes animals? A. suggest B. tell C. speak D. talk 3. Documentary is a film or a radio or television program giving facts about something. A. things B. numbers C. truth D. news 4. What types of the media are the most and the least important to you? A. successful B. significant C. Wonderful D. attractive 5. Listen to the two radio news stories and check the right column under News story 1 and News story 2. A. honest B. honorable C. good D. precise 6. Television can make things more memorable because it presents information in a more effective way. A. clever B. expensive C. successful 7. Some television programs may make people violent. D. pretty A. rapid B. insane C. extreme 8. Television also interferes with family life and communication. D. good A. conflicts B. comes C. goes 9. I'm afraid you've made a mistake. D. chats A. wrongness B. error C. badness 10. It makes us aware of our global responsibilities. D. ugliness A. national B. worldly C. universal VII. Choose the best answer. 1. As she did so, her parents became . D. overall A. the angriest B. the most angry C. the more angry D. angrier and angrier 2. People should eat and do to reduce the risk of heart disease. Page 75 A. less fat/more exercise B. less and less fat/the more exercise C. the less fat/the more exercise D. fatter/more exercise 3. He spent a year in India and loves spicy food. the food is, he likes it. A. The hotter/the more and more B. The hotter/the more C. The more and more hot/the more D. The hottest/the most 4. It gets to understand what the professor has explained. A.most difficult B. mostly difficult C. the most difficult D. more and more difficult 5. Increasing your vocabulary will make it easier for you to reading comprehension skills. A. fit B. allow C. use D. assimilate 6. Of course you can come to the party, . A. The more the merrier B. The more and the merrier C. The more and merrier D. The more and more merrier 7. I feel I did yesterday. A. much more tired than B. many more tired than C. as many tired as D. as more tired as 8 Cultural identity must be and locals should be encouraged to continue their traditions in the wake of tourism. A. protected B. insured C. assured D. confirmed 9. I can't believe that you all the three exercises. You just started five minutes ago. A. have finished B. have been finishing C. finished D. are finishing 10. She is a spectator. A. more an athlete than B. more of an athlete than C. an athlete more than 11. His house is mine. D. an athlete of more than A. twice as big as B. as twice big as C. as two times big as D. as big as twice 12. live in Ho Chi Minh City than in the whole of the rest of the country. A. As much as people B. More people C. As many as people D. People more 13. Touring the small villages of Vietnam by bicycle was a(n) experience. A. existing B. general C. particular D. unique 14. We spend a lot of time together as a family, which sometimes is the best way to learn about . A. customs B. habits C. activities D. establishment 15. It gets to understand what the professor has explained. A. the more difficult B. more difficult than C. difficult more and more D. more and more difficult 16. You must drive slower in built up areas. you drive in the city, it is that you will have an accident. A. The faster and faster/the more B. The faster/the more probable Page 76 C. The more and more fast/the more and more probable D. The more fastly/the probable 17. The party was I had expected A. more a hundred times funny than B. a hundred times funny more than C. a hundred times funnier than D. a hundred times more funny than 18. He finds physics other science subjects. A. far more difficult than B. many more difficult than C. too much more difficult than D. more much difficult than 19. Combining physical activity with a healthy diet is the best way to a healthy body weight A. provide B. support C. maintain D. express 20. Each ethnic group has its own cultural identities, thus, the Vietnamese culture has both and unity. A. difference B. variety C. similarity D. diversity 21. he drank, he became. A. More/more violent B. The most/the most violent C. The more/the more violent D. The less/less violent 22. Mary was of the two sisters. A. the clever B. as clever as C. the cleverer D. the cleverest 23. Culture is the lens with which we evaluate everything around us; we what is proper or improper, normal or abnormal, through our culture. A. express B. evaluate C. calculate D. signal 24. In some parts of the country, prices are than in others. A. high B. more and more high C. the highest D. higher and higher 25. French is a language to learn than English is. A. difficult B. more difficult C. most difficult D. more and more difficult C. READING I. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. Travelling is a great thing to do. It helps us learn about different people and different places. Some people travel because they want to see nature. Others travel because they want to make friends and try great food. Of course, a lot of tourists are interested in (1) culture. Tourism can be very good for traditional cultures. This is because when people travel to (2) country, they often want to learn more about that country's traditions, such as music, food, and history. Therefore, the local people in that country will keep their traditional culture (3) . They will wear traditional clothing, and sell traditional food. They will also have shows for tourists. These shows can be (4) , concerts, plays, or something else. Tourism also helps people respect each other. If you understand another culture well, you will probably respect that culture much more. You will probably want to (5) that culture as well. However, tourism is not always good for traditional culture. Many people say that tourism creates "fake traditional culture". This means that the local people wear traditional (6) , and do traditional dances only for tourists, but that is not their real lifestyle. Their real lifestyles are similar (7) the tourists lifestyle. They are just pretending because they want to make money. Page 77 A. A priest B. A warrior C. An inventor D. A painter 5. What could replace the word "ruling" in paragraph 3? A. defeating B. guessing C. delaying D. governing 6. All of the following are true about the Harijan EXCEPT that . A. they used to be known as Untouchables B. they had to do undesirable jobs in society C. any contact between someone from another caste with an Untouchable was considered unacceptable D. anyone from another caste coming to contact with an Untouchable is not allowed to pray at temples 7. What does the passage suggest about the future of the caste system? A. One day soon it won't be used anymore in India. B. It is probably going to get worse before it gets better. C. The bottom groups will rise to rule over the top classes. D. It will likely continue to exist for a long time in India. IV. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions. The custom of paying a bride price before marriage is still a well-established part of many African cultures. In paying a bride price, the family of the groom must provide payment to the family of the bride before the marriage is allowed. The bride price can vary greatly from culture to culture in Africa. In the Zulu and Swazi tribes of southern Africa, the bride price often takes the form of cattle. In Western African kola nuts, shells, and other goods are often used for the payment of the bride price. The actual payment of money sometimes takes place, but the payment of goods is more frequent. The amount of paid in a bride price can also vary. In modern times, the bride price is occasionally quite small and its value is mainly symbolic. However, the bride price can still be quite high, especially among prominent or highly traditional families. There are a number of justifications used to explain the payment of bride price. The first is that the bride price represents an acknowledgement of the expense the bride's family has gone in order to raise her and bring her up as a suitable bride for the groom. It also represents payment for the loss of a family member, since the bride will officially become a member of her husband's family and will leave her own. On a deeper level the bride price represents payment for the fact that the bride will bring children into the family of the groom, thereby increasing the wealth of the family. This concept is reinforced by the fact that the bride price must often be returned if the bride fails to bear children. The payment of the bride price has quite a number of effects on African society. First, the payment of bride price acts to increase the stability of African family structures. Sons are dependent on their fathers and older relatives to help them pay the bride price of their wives, and this generally leads to greater levels of obedience and respect. The negotiations between the two families concerning the bride price allow the parents and other family members to meet and get to know one another before the marriage. Finally, since the bride price must often be repaid in case of divorce, the bride's family often works to make sure that any marital problems are solved quickly. Bride prices also work as a system of wealth distribution in African Page 80 cultures, Wealthier families can afford to support the marriage of their son, and thus their wealth is transferred to other families. 1. According to paragraph 1, all of the following are true of the bride price EXCEPT . A its amount and form can vary B its practice is occasionally only symbolic C it is a relatively new practice in Africa D it is generally higher among traditional families 2. Why does the author mention “the payment of money” in paragraph 1? A To stress that the use of goods in the payment of bride price is most common. B To demonstrate the differences in how rich and poor families pay the bride price. C To illustrate how the practice of bride price has changed over time. D To demonstrate how expensive a bride price can be sometimes. 3. The word "prominent" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to . A educated B. important C. religious D. conservative 4. The phrase "The first" in paragraph 2 refers to the first . A marriage B. bride price C. payment D. justification 5. It can be inferred from the paragraph 2 that African families . A never see their daughters after marriage B. pay the bride price on the day of the wedding C. place more value on men than women D. place great importance on childbirth 6. The author uses the word "marital" to indicate that the problems are related to . A. money B. law C. marriage D. pregnancy 7. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Sometimes the bride's family has to return the bride price to the groom's for equal distribution of wealth. B. The initial negotiations over the bride price provide opportunities for 2 families to meet each other. C. Animals are not an acceptable form of payment when it comes to paying the bride prices. D. Without having to pay the bride price, African men would not respect their family members. 8. Why are women often married to older men? A. Young men lack the financial to marry. B. The legal age for marriage is lower for women than for men. C. Families are eager to gain the bride price from their daughter's marriage. D. Women live longer than men on average. Test 1 I. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word. 1. The cuisine of France is . A. more famous than that of England B. famous than the cuisine of England C. more famous than which of England D. as famous than that of England Page 81 2. Earning money has always been the thing that pleases him most. he becomes, he is . A. The more rich/ the more happy B. The richest/ the happiest C. The richer/ the happier D. Richer and richer/ happier and happier 3. We think they all that is necessary A. have done B. doing C. had done D. would do 4. They go to church every Sunday to their God. A. celebrate B. worship C. support D. follow 5. The faster we finish, . A. the sooner we can leave B. we can leave sooner and sooner C. the sooner can we leave 6. Of all athletes, Alex is . D. we can leave the sooner A. the less qualified B. the less and less qualified C. the more and more qualified D. the least qualified 7. The climber was seventy miles in the wrong direction and got . A. more panicked B. the more panicked C. more than panicked D. more and more panicked 8. Most of the ethnic groups in the United States adjust to mainstream America, but may still many of their cultural customs and their native ethnic language A. retain B. limit C. hold D. contain 9. Their children lots of new friends since they to that town. A. have made - moved B. were making - have moved C. made - are moving 10. you study for these exams, you will do. D. made - have been moving A. The harder/ the better B. The more/ the much C. The hardest/ the best D. The more hard/ the more good 11. My neighbor is driving me mad! It seems that it is at night, he plays his music! A. the less/ the more loud B. the less/less C. the more late/ the more loudly D. the later/the louder 12. Thanks to the progress of science and technology, our lives have become . A. more and more good B. better and better C. the more and more good D. gooder and gooder 13. "Where's Tony?" "He to the travel agent's, and he hasn't come back." A. has been B. has been going C. has gone D. had gone 14. Culture serves to give a(n) to a group, ensures survival and enhances the feeling of belonging. A. similarity B. difference C. identity D. interest 15. The Sears Tower is building in Chicago A. taller B. the more tall C. the tallest D. taller and taller 16. Petrol is it used to. A. twice as expensive as B. twice expensive more than C. twice more than expensive 17. D. more expensive than twice Page 82 The world is changing very fast. This change brings a lot of good things. But as the world is changing, it is important to remember the heritage of our parents and our grandparents. 1 A. diversities B. celebrations C. beliefs D. bases 2. A. cause B. heritage C. origin D. celebration 3. A. private B. own C. common D. public 4. A. so B. therefore C. although D. because 5. A. disappearing B. accepting C. requesting D. putting 6. A. lively B. live C. alike D. living 7. A. our B. its C. whose D. their 8. A. instruction B. protection C. position D. management 9. A. rejecting B. taking C. keeping D. turning 10. A. A little B. A few C. Many D. Some V. Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions. You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks on their faces or by their actions. This is useful because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know how to respond to them. Emotions have evolved to help us respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others. But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the same thing in Minneapolis as it does in Madagascar? Much research on emotional expressions has centered on such questions. According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area, people speak and understand substantially the same "facial language". Studies by Ekman's group have demonstrated that humans share a set of universal emotional expressions that testify to the common biological heritage of the human species. Smiles, for example, signal happiness and frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people in such far-flung places as Argentina, Japan, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Sumatra, the United States, Vietnam, the jungles of New Guinea, and the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle. Ekman and his colleagues claim that people everywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions: sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt, happiness, and surprise. There are, however, huge differences across cultures in both the context and intensity of emotional displays the so called display rules. In many Asian cultures, for example children are taught to control emotional responses especially negative ones while many American children are encouraged to express their feelings more openi Regardless of culture, however, emotions usually show themselves, to some degree in people's behavior. From their first days of life, babies produce lacial expressions that communicate their feelings. The ability to read facial expressions develops early, too. Very young children pay close attention to facial expressions, and by age live, they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading emotions on people's faces. This evidence all points to a biological underpinning for our abilities to express and interpret a basic set of human emotions. Moreover, as Charles Darwinpointed out over a century ago, some emotional expressions seem to appear across species boundaries, Cross - cultural psychologists tell us that certain emotional responses carry dillerent meanings in different cultures. For example, what emotion do you suppose might be conveyed by sticking out your tongue? For Americans, this might indicate disgust, while in China it can signify surprise. Likewise, a grin on an American face may indicate joy, while on a Japanese face it may just as easily mean embarrassment. Clearly, culture influences emotional expressions. 1. The word "evolved" is closest in meaning to . Page 85 A. developed B. simplified C. increased D. reduced 2. Many studies on emotional expressions try to answer the question whether . A. raising the eyebrows has similar meaning to rounding the mouth. B. different cultures have similar emotional expressions. C. rounding the mouth has the same meaning in Minneapolis and Madagascar D. eyebrow raising means the same in Minneapolis and Madagascar. 3. Unlike American children, Asian children are encouraged to . A. change their behavior B. conceal their positive emotions C. display their emotions openly D. control their emotions 4. The biggest difference lies in . A. how intensive emotions are expressed B. how often positive emotions are shown C. how emotional responses are controlled D. how long negative emotions are displayed 5. According to the passage, we respond to others by . A. looking at their faces B. observing their looks C. watching their actions D. observing their emotional expressions 6. Young children . A. spend a long time learning to read others' emotions B. are sensitive towards others' emotions C. make amazing progress in controlling their emotions D. take time to control their facial expressions 7. The best title for the passage is > A. Human Habit of Displaying emotions B. Ways to Control Emotional Expressions C. Cultural Universals in Emotional Expressions D. Review of Research on Emotional Expressions VI. Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions. The difference between the nuclear family and the extended family is that a nuclear family refers to a single basic family unit of parents and their children, whereas the extended family refers to their relatives such as grandparents, in-laws, aunts and uncles, etc. In many cultures, and particularly indigenous societies, the latter is the most common basic form of social organization. A nuclear family is limited, according to Kristy Jackson of Colorado State University, to one or two parents (e.g. a father and mother) and their own child, or children, living together in a single house or other dwellings. In anthropology, they only must be related in this fashion; there is no upper or lower limit on the number of children in a nuclear family. Page 86 The extended family is a much more nebulous term, but in essence refers to kin or relations not covered by the above definition. In historical Europe and Asia as well as in Middle Eastern African, and South American Aboriginal cultures, extended family groups were typically the most basic unit of social organization. The term can differ in specific cultural settings, but generally includes people related in age or by lineage. Anthropologically, the term "extended family' refers to such a group living together in a household, often with three generations living together (grandparents, parents, and children) and headed in patriarchal societies by the eldest man or by some other chosen leadership figure. However, in common parlance, the term "extended family" is often used by people simply to refer to their cousins, aunts, uncles, and so on, even though they are not living together in a single group. Historically, most people in the world have lived in extended family groupings rather than in nuclear families. This was even true in Europe and in the early United States, where multiple generations often lived together for economic reasons. During the 20h century, average income rose high enough that living apart as nuclear families became a viable option for the vast majority of the American population. In contrast, many indigenous societies and residents of developing countries continue to have multiple generations living in the same household. The rise of the nuclear family in the modern West does not necessarily mean that family arrangements have stabilized, either. The rapid growth in single-parent households, for instance, also represents a substantial change in the traditional nuclear family. More couples are also choosing not to have children at all. 1. What is the passage mainly about? A. The dominance of nuclear families over extended ones B. The dominance of extended families over nuclear ones C. A distinction between nuclear families and extended ones D. The changes of family types over times 2. The word "the latter" in paragraph 1 refers to . A. family unit B. relatives C. the nuclear family D. the extended family 3. Historically, extended families were the most basic unit of social organization in all of the following places EXCEPT . A. The Middle East B. Asia C. North America D. Europe 4. The word "patriarchal" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to . A. ruled or controlled by men B. equal for both men and women C. simple with no rules and laws D. modern with advanced facilities 5. According to the passage, single-parent households . A. are not defined by anthropologists B. are the existing trend of family arrangement C. are included in the term "nuclear family" D. are on the decrease 6. The word "viable" in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by . A. impossible B. possible C. explainable D. fashionable 7. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? Page 87 6. By the time the new policy comes into effect I'm sure there some changes made, (will have been/ will be) 7. I think that before I graduate I a few exams, (will have taken/will take) Bài 3: Put the verbs into the correct form (future perfect or future continuous). 1. (you / retire) by the time you're 60? Will you have retired 2. This time next year, I (study) Maths at university. Will be studying 3. Hurry up! The film (start) soon. Will start 4. There won't be anyone in the office. Everyone (go) home. Will have gone 5. Susan (not work) at 8 o'clock next week. She'll be on holiday! Will not be working 6. I'm only halfway through my homework. I (not finish) it before the teacher arrives. Won’t have finished 7. Do you think that Mike (fix) the car by tomorrow? Will have fixed 8. Don't phone me before 8 o'clock, we (have) dinner. Will be having DOUBLE COMPARATIVES (SO SÁNH KÉP) So sánh kép diễn tả mối tương quan nguyên nhân - hệ quả: nửa đầu thể hiện nguyên nhân, nửa sau thể hiện kết quả. 3. Tính từ/ Trạng từ Form: The + comparative adj/ adv + S + V, the + comparative adj/ adv + S + V E.g: The harder you are, the better your results are. (Bạn càng chăm chỉ thì kết quả càng tốt) The more she eats, the fatter she becomes. (Cô ta ăn càng nhiều thì càng béo.) 4. Danh từ Form: The more/ less + (N) + S + V, the more/ less + (N) S + V E.g: The more you give, the more you will receive. (Bạn càng cho đi thì bạn sẽ càng nhận được nhiều.) The more money she makes, the less free time she has. (Cô ấy càng kiếm được nhiều tiền thì càng có ít thời gian rảnh.) Note: Không dùng thì tiếp diễn trong so sánh kép. ■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN I. The word in brackets at the end of each of the following sentences can be used to form a word that fits suitably in the blank. 1. We now realize that it is important to maintain the planet's , which is the richness of animal and plant life. DIVERSITY biodiversity 2. A habitat is any natural region where wildlife lives undisturbed, for example, forests, ponds, marshes or deserts. HABITATION: sự cư trú 3. Take conservation actions in your community. CONSERVE 4. Officials said there were no survivor of the plane crash. SURVIVE Page 90 5. Logging, oil and gas drilling, over-grazing and development all result in habitat . destruction DESTROY 6. The more species disappear, the more entire-systems become vulnerable . VULNERABLY 7. Poachers are killing rhinos because of their horns. POACHING 8. Although conservation groups are working to protect wildlife, natural habitats are still being destroyed. PROTECTION 9. Due to poaching and civil war, the population of gorillas drops sharply. POPULAR 10. The dodo very quickly declined in numbers, and it was extinct by 1681. EXTINCTION II. Complete the sentences with the words from the box. Use each word once only. dangerous conservationists survivors vulnerably extinction survival biodiversity poaching endangered extinct 1. His condition left him vulnerable exposed to the slightest cold or cough. 2. People all over the world are working to help save endangered animals from extinction . 3. Floods and drought are both dangerous to humans and crops. 4. Conservationists are calling for additional measures with a focus on more effective management of the habitat. 5. The government is sending help to the survivor of the earthquake. 6. By losing biodiversity , we are losing the chance to discover new medicines that could end the suffering of millions of people. 7. Do not purchase illegal products that come from endangered species. 8. Since 1600 about 500 species of animals have become extinct. 9. Gorilla and chimpanzee populations in Central Africa continue to decline due to poaching , habitat loss and disease. 10. To ensure the survival of the world's animals, we must learn how to keep 'sustainable populations' alive for the animals to survive on their own. III. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. Hundreds of thousands of elephants were illegally poached and their tusks sold for profits. A. conserved B. preserved C. captured D. hunted 2. When the forest disappears, so too will Indonesia's rich biological diversity be effected and disappear forever. A. variety B. direction C. similarity D. closeness 3. The saola is also indirectly threatened by insufficient attention to and investment in its conservation. A. protest B. protection C. production D. induction A Baby sea turtles are the most vulnerable when they leave their nests and make their way to the sea. A. well-protected B. immune C. susceptible D. shielded Page 91 5. The number of amphibians on our planet is declining rapidly in both local mass extinction and population crashes. A. reservation B. protection C. threat D. disappearance 6. Saving endangered species from becoming extinct is crucial for our health and the future of our children. A. resistant B. dangerous C. threatened D. preserved 7. The domestic dog is thought to have evolved from the wolf. A. resolved B. involved C. revolted D. developed 8. The main threat to the survival of these creatures come from heir loss of habitat. A. usual behaviour B. favourite activity C. place of living D. rituals 9. They are too rare and valuable a bird to be hawked about with the rest of your menagerie. A. in small numbers B. real C. half-cock D. not done properly 10. He looks after the land as a private reserve for wildlife habitat, running marsupials and their predators instead of cows. A. money reserve B. booking reservation C. a protected area D. an emergency fund IV. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. Dinosaurs were unable to survive severe ice age weather conditions. A. remain alive B. persist C. get through D. lose their lives 2. At the moment it is difficult to assess the extent of the damage that his company has caused to the environment. A. benefit B. destruction C. devastation D. extinction 3. Severe weather conditions can also reduce population numbers because animals tend to have fewer offspring. A. alarming B. grave C. dreadful D. mild 4. The dunes harbor a number of freshwater lakes abundant in wildlife. A. plentiful B. lavish C. bountiful D. scarce 5. All visitors are kept out of the conservation area. A. prevented from entering B. prevented from destroying C. allowed to enter D. allowed to take photos 6. It is predicted that the natural resources will run out by the end of the century. A. come in B. run short C. run away D. remain intact 7. It is urgent that these governments work out a solution to the problem that they are all facing. A. keep secret B. find C. share D. arrive at 8. In order to protect endangered species, it is important that all people join in. A. participate B. leave C. take part D. enjoy 9. Many people decided to give up eating meat and become vegetarians. A. cut up B. put up C. continue D. use up 10. Let's clear up this rubbish and put it in the bin. A. mess up B. clear away C. tidy D. clean off Page 92 in climate and changes in other animals and plants around it. This process of extinction can take a very long time - sometimes several million years - and the extinction of one species is immediately followed by the (3) of another in a continuous cycle. The case of the dinosaurs is the most (4) example of natural extinction. These reptiles appeared on the Earth about 200 million years ago and dominated both land and sea for almost 100 million years. It is not certain why the dinosaurs became extinct, but their disappearance was a natural one and new species of animals (5) to replace them. The rate of extinction has speeded up unnaturally over the last 400 years, rising increase in the human (6) sharply since 1900. This increase in the rate of extinction is directly related to the over the same period of time. Humans have caused great damage to the planet, as wild (7) have been taken over, forcing animals and plants into smaller and smaller areas, until some of them have become extinct. We have also polluted some habitats with chemicals, making them unfit for wildlife. These causes of extinction are known as indirect destruction. Animals may also become extinct through direct (8) . This includes the hunting and capturing of animals. The extinction of at least 500 species of animals has been caused by humans, most of them in the 20th century. Today there are about 5,000 (9) animals and at least one species dies out every year. There are probably many more which become extinct without anyone knowing. The main threats to species then can be cited as (10) , habitat loss and climate change. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has its own Red List of endangered species ranging from "least concern" through to "critically endangered". II. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 10. Plants and animals will find it difficult to escape from or adjust to the effect of global warming, Scientists have already observed shifts in the lifecycles of many plants and animals, such as flowers blooming earlier and birds hatching earlier in the spring. Many species have begun shifting where they live or their annual migration patterns due to warmer temperatures With further warming, animals will tend to migrate toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations. Plants will also attempt to shift their ranges, seeking new areas as old habitats grow too warm. In many places, however, human development will prevent these shifts. Species that find cities or farmland blocking their way north or south may become extinct. Species living in unique ecosystems, such as those found in polar and mountainous regions, are especially at risk because migration to new habitats is not possible. For example, polar bears and marine mammals in the Arctic are already threatened by dwindling sea ice but have nowhere farther to go. Projecting species extinction due to global warming is extremely difficult. Some scientists have estimated that 20 to 50 percent of species could be committed to extinction with 2 to 3 Celsius degrees of further warming. The rate of warming, not just the magnitude, is extremely important for plants and animals. Some species and even entire ecosystems, such as certain types of forest, many not be able to adjust quickly enough and may disappear. Ocean ecosystems, especially fragile ones like coral reefs, will also be affected by global warming. Warmer ocean temperatures can cause coral to "bleach", a state which if prolonged will lead to the death of Page 95 the coral. Scientists estimate that even 1 Celsius degree of additional warming could lead to widespread bleaching and death of coral reefs around the world. Also increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the ocean and increases the acidity of ocean waters. This acidification further stresses ocean ecosystems. 1. The word "fragile" in paragraph 4 most probably means . A. very large B. easily damaged C. rather strong D. pretty hard 2. The bleaching of coral reefs as mentioned in paragraph 4 indicates . A. the water absorption of coral reefs. B. the quick growth of marine mammals. C. the blooming phase of sea weeds. D. the slow death of coral reefs. 3. The level of acidity in the ocean is increased by . A. the rising amount of carbon dioxide entering the oceans B. the decrease of acidity of the pole C. the extinction of species in coastal areas D. the lose of acidity in the atmosphere around the oceans 4. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. Influence of climate changes on human B. Effects of global warming on animals and C. Global warming and possible solutions D. Global warming and species 5. Scientists have observed that warmer temperatures in the spring cause flowers to . A. die instantly B. bloom earlier C. become lighter D. lose color 6. According to paragraph 2, when their habitats grow warmer, animalist tend to move . A. south-eastwards and down mountainsides toward lower B. north-westwards and up mountainsides toward higher C. toward the North Pole and down mountainsides toward lower D. toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher 7. The pronoun "those" in paragraph 2 refers to . A. species B. ecosystems C. habitats D. areas 8. The phrase "dwindling sea ice" in paragraph 2 refers to . A. the frozen water in the Artie. B. the violent Arctic Ocean. B. the melting ice in the Arctic. D. the cold ice in the Arctic. 9. It is mentioned in the passage that if the global temperature rose by 2 or 3 Celsius degrees . A. half of the earth's surface would be B. the sea level would rise by 20 C. water supply would decrease by 50 D. 20 to 50 percent of species could become 10. According to the passage, if some species are not able to adjust quickly to warmer temperatures, . A. they may be endangered B. they can begin to develop C. they will certainly need water. D. they move to tropical forests. TEST YOURSELF I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest. 1. A. chemical B. which C. change D. each Page 96 2. A. attitude 3. A protect 4. A. endangered 5. A. medicine B. survive B. commercial B. destroyed B. priority C. introduce C. construction C. damaged C. crisis D. human D. climate D. provided D. primary II. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern. 1 A disappearance 2. A ability 3. A. current 4. A. temperature 5. A government B. vulnerable B. agriculture B. global B. serious B. agency C. conservation C. development C. crisis C. awareness C. benefit D. generation D. contaminate D. mankind D. chemical D. diversity III. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word. 1. Known worldwide by its panda logo, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is dedicated to protecting world's wildlife and the rich biological diversity that we all need to survive. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 2. At the end of this month, we here for ten years. A. are living B. live C. will be living D. will have been living 3. Loss of habitat and increased commercial hunt the number of chimpanzees from 2 million to 300,000 individuals. A. reduced B. lessened C. weakened D. limited 4. Baby Komodo dragons will live on the trees from the moment they are born adult ones can't climb and eat them. A. so B. therefore C. although D. because 5. Since 1600s, worldwide overexploitation of animals for numerous species to become extinct or endangered. food and other products has caused A. the/ a B. the/ Ø C. Ø/ the D. the/ the 6. By the time you finish cooking they their homework. A. will have done B. are doing C. have been doing D. have done 7. The more a car costs, it goes. A. faster B. the faster C. the more fast D. the more faster 8. The younger you are, it is to learn. A. easier B. you are easier C. the easier D. the easy 9. The world's biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, which makes wildlife . A. prosperous B. prefect C. vulnerable D. remained 10. is the protection of environment and natural resources. A. Survival B. Commerce C. Conservation D. Extinction 11. The number of working women in our country from 49% in 1980 to nearly 65% nowadays. A. has been increasing B. has increased C. is increasing D. will have increased 12. WWF is Page 97