Botanical Nomenclature and Plant Biology: A Comprehensive Guide, Exams of Gardening and Horticulture

Download Botanical Nomenclature and Plant Biology: A Comprehensive Guide and more Exams Gardening and Horticulture in PDF only on Docsity! Louisiana Horticulture Study Guide Exam Questions with Verified Solutions. Linnaeus - Correct answer developed binomial nomenclature Binomial nomenclature - Correct answer Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name Cultivar - Correct answer special group that retain their distinguishing features when propagated Variety - Correct answer naturally occurring subgroup within species Importance of proper naming of plants - Correct answer customer protection, legal requirements, communication between nursery and landscape pros Origins of botanical names - Correct answer 1. Countries of origin 2. Names of plant explorers 3. Descriptive Latin terms Horticultural groupings - Correct answer 1. Herbaceous or woody 2. Life span 3. Leaf retention 4. Growth habit 5. Stem structure 6. Size 7. Form 8. Temp tender 9. Light 10. Water 11. Use Functions of root system - Correct answer anchorage Absorption Conduction Storage What are two kinds of root systems? - Correct answer Fibrous Taproot Functions of the stem - Correct answer Support Conduction Storage Xylem - Correct answer Transport tissue that moves nutrients from the soil up to the leaves. Phloem - Correct answer Transport Tissue: moves manufactured food produced by the leaves and sent out through the plant. P a g e 1 | 11 Cambium layer - Correct answer tissue between xylem and phloem What is the difference between monocots and dicots? - Correct answer Monocots are plants with a single seed Dicots are plants with two seeds Girdle - Correct answer circle of dead tissue around stem Nodes - Correct answer areas on stems where leaves emerge Internodes - Correct answer space between nodes Axillary bud - Correct answer compressed dormant stem where leaf joins stem Axil - Correct answer angle of the leaf Crown - Correct answer where steam and root meet Types of roots found in plants - Correct answer -bulbs -corms -rhizomes -tubers -tuberous roots Functions of the leaf - Correct answer photosynthesis and transpiration Transpiration - Correct answer evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant Angiosperms - Correct answer Plants that develop fruit that enclose the seeds. Gymnosperms - Correct answer Plants that produces uncovered seeds; no flower or fruit List the parts of a complete flower. - Correct answer -Stamen -Pistil -Petal -Sepal List the priority in which plant parts receive food manufactured by the leaves. - Correct answer 1. Flower 2. Seeds 3. Leaves 4. Stems 5. Roots 3 primary elements essential for plant growth - Correct answer 1. Carbon (C) 2. Hydrogen (H) 3. Oxygen (O) P a g e 2 | 11 4. On container stock, loosen root ball 5. Backfill with soil removed 6. Water while filling in 7. Make saucer around trunk 8. Install 3" of mulch extending 2-3' beyond canopy 9. Fertilize Soil preparation - Correct answer 1. Till 6-10" 2. 1 lb. balanced fertilizer over 100 sq. ft. 3. 2-4" organic amendment 4. Till Benefits of mulching - Correct answer uniform soil moisture Insulates roots Reduces soil-borne diseases Reduces weeds Ornamental tree fertilization rate - Correct answer 3-6 lbs. N per 1,000 sq. ft. Ground cover & shrubs fertilization rate - Correct answer 2 lbs. N per 1,000 sq. ft. Annual bedding and herbaceous perennial fret rate - Correct answer 1 lb. N per 1000 sq. ft. 2 cups of fret = - Correct answer 1 lb. of fret = Divide 10 by the N of the fertilizer - Correct answer to get lbs. per 100 sq. ft. Benefits of pruning - Correct answer Eliminate death or diseased branches Improves balance, Guides new growth, Stimulates new growth, Rejuvenates older plantings, Maintains shape Axing - Correct answer hormone that directs growth of buds Heading back - Correct answer removal of the terminal portions of a branch back to the axillary bud or node. Thinning out - Correct answer complete removal of branches back to their lateral branch or main trunk. Three cut method - Correct answer first cut 1/2 through low side; second cut made past the first cut in downward motion all the way through; third cut removes stub Chief factors of interior plant growth - Correct answer light, temp, water, fret, media House plants propagated from seeds - Correct answer Schaffer False Aralia P a g e 5 | 11 Tree philodendron Palms Cacti Succulents House plants propagated from spores - Correct answer FERNS: Boston Ferns. Birds nest Ferns. Maidenhair Ferns. Sore - Correct answer spores produces under fern fronds Distinguishing insect characteristics - Correct answer 1. Types of legs 2. Types of mouthparts 3. Absence of wings Three Insect Body Parts - Correct answer Head Thorax Abdomen Types of insect mouthparts - Correct answer chewing, sucking, piercing-sucking, lapping, sponging Two types of metamorphosis - Correct answer gradual and complete Instar - Correct answer developmental stage Stadium - Correct answer time between instars Pupa - Correct answer stage between larva and adult Non-pathogenic plant diseases - Correct answer 1. Nutrient deficiencies 2. Lack of or excess soil moisture 3. Too low or high temps 4. Air pollution 5. Soil pH 6. Hardpans 7. Chemical injury Three factors of a pathogenic disease - Correct answer 1) susceptible plant 2) Parasitic organism 3) Favorable environmental conditions (for the disease) Four groups of plant parasitic organisms - Correct answer fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes Parasite - Correct answer an organism that feeds on a living host Are all fungi bad - Correct answer no P a g e 6 | 11 Saprophyte - Correct answer beneficial fungi Methods of penetration of plant tissue - Correct answer direct, through stomata’s, through wounds Factors necessary for infection - Correct answer moisture, temp, stage of plant growth How do bacteria reproduce? - Correct answer simple cell division Nematodes - Correct answer eel-shaped worms that live in soil Choruses - Correct answer yellowing of leaves Damping-off - Correct answer destruction of seedling near soil line; seedling collapses on the soil surface Necrotic - Correct answer dead or discolored Risks of using too much pesticide - Correct answer can harm the plant or initiate tolerance to the pest EC - Correct answer emulsifiable concentrate G - Correct answer granules WP or W - Correct answer wet table powders Common terms on label - Correct answer 1. Brand/product name 2. Common name 3. Type of formulation 4. Signal words or symbols 5. Directions for use Directions for use - Correct answer best source of information on label Steps to successful pest management - Correct answer 1. Prevention 2. Early detection 3. Correct id of pest 4. Proper selection of control material 5. Correct water pH 6. Correct application method Three methods of pest prevention without spraying - Correct answer early removal of vegetation, Early planting, Companion planting Three methods of pest prevention mechanically - Correct answer early planting, Basic barriers, P a g e 7 | 11 Other turf diseases - Correct answer fairy ring, St. Augustine decline virus CODIT (Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees) - Correct answer 1. A tree is a highly compartmentalized organism 2. When a part is wounded, the defects are compartmentalized or walled off Tree transplanting procedure - Correct answer 1. Dig the whole 1 ft. wider than the root ball 2. Remove twine from trunk; pull bob 2/3 down root ball 3. Refill with backfill soil. Water as fill. 4. Place slow-release fret 2-6" below grade in backfill. Starter fret apply. 5. Guy & stake. 6. Create a levee around root ball and mulch *Do not prune for 1 year* What plants of the same species transplant better- smaller or larger? - Correct answer smaller Determining fertilization needs - Correct answer 1) Twig growth less than or equal to 2-6" 2) Inspection of foliage UTFC - Correct answer (R^2 x lbs. N/acre) / (140 x % of N in fret) Tree fertilizer applications - Correct answer broadcast, slow release, soil incorporation, soluble, foliar sprays, trunk injections Crown cleaning - Correct answer removal of dead branches to increase light penetration & airflow Crown reduction - Correct answer reduces height of tree Crown raising - Correct answer removes low branches to improve clearance Functions of ground covers - Correct answer Erosion control on slopes Lawn maintenance reduction Filling oddly shaped or hard to reach landscape areas Growth where grass may not grow Reduces the temperature and glare around structures Ground covers for sun - Correct answer juniper, liriope, Mondo grass, lumbago, bougainvillea Ground covers for shade - Correct answer aura, arista, dwarf gardenia, Algerian ivy, and wisteria Methods to trimming vining ground cover - Correct answer 1. Keep them in the area intended 2. Prune flowering vines shortly after flowering 3. Don’t prune in late summer or fall P a g e 10 | 11 4. Prune cold-injured vine during spring growth Guidelines for planting annual color - Correct answer 1. Group like colors for visual impact 2. Use colors that contrast positively with the background 3. Use combos of color that blend well 4. Place color where you want to attract attention How many hours of sunlight per day do roses need - Correct answer 8-10 hours? Trips - Correct answer most common insect attacking roses Black spot - Correct answer most common and destructive disease in roses P a g e 11 | 11