Louisiana Landscape Horticulture Exam: Botany, Soil, Propagation, Pests, Contracts, Exams of Gardening and Horticulture

Download Louisiana Landscape Horticulture Exam: Botany, Soil, Propagation, Pests, Contracts and more Exams Gardening and Horticulture in PDF only on Docsity! Louisiana landscape Horticulture state exam questions & answers.  Cultivars - Correct answer designates a special group of plants, may differ in growth habit, season of maturity, fruit, color, shape  Root systems - Correct answer taproot and fibrous  Function of root system - Correct answer absorption, anchorage, conduction, storage  Taproot - Correct answer grows directly downward  Stems - Correct answer support, conduction, and storage  Conduction - Correct answer movement of water, mineral solutions, and substances manufactured in plants  Xylem - Correct answer vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant through inner tissue  Phloem - Correct answer food from leaves moves out of leaves through outer stem  Monocots - Correct answer angiosperms that have only one seed leaf  Dicots - Correct answer angiosperms that have two seed leaves  Girdle - Correct answer complete circle of dead tissue around the stem with interrupts the food supply pipeline  Nodes - Correct answer where leaves attach to stem  Internodes - Correct answer the stem segments between nodes  Specialized stems and roots - Correct answer bulbs, corms, rhizomes, tubers, tuberous roots  Angiosperms - Correct answer flowering plants that produce seeds in fruit  Gymnosperms - Correct answer plants that produce seeds but not flowers  Pistil - Correct answer Female part of the flower  Stigma - Correct answer expanded tip of the style  Priority in which plants receive food - Correct answer flowers, seeds, leaves, stems, roots  Macronutrients - Correct answer nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium  Micronutrients - Correct answer boron, manganese, copper, zinc, iron, molybdenum, chlorine P a g e 1 | 7  N-P-K - Correct answer nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium  WATER - Correct answer ingredient in photosynthesis, solvent for nutrients, cools plant during transpiration, gives plant tissue rigidity and turgor  Permanent Wilting Point (PWP) - Correct answer soil moisture content at which plants can no longer obtain enough moisture to meet transpiration requirements, causing the plant to wilt and die  Microclimate - Correct answer areas with certain consistent variations in light, temperature, and moisture in a garden  Heat travels - Correct answer conduction, convection, and radiation  AVG. # of days per year above 86 degrees F zone 8 - Correct answer 90 to 120 days  AVG. # of days per year above 86 degrees F zone 9 - Correct answer 120-150 days  Soil texture - Correct answer Relative amounts of the different types and sizes of mineral particles in a sample of soil. Classified as sand, silt, and clay  Soil structure - Correct answer the arrangement of soil particles. Can be single grained (sandy soils) or particles grouped together (clay soils)  Organic matter - Correct answer classified according to the percentage of organic matter present in the strata's top 12 inches  Ph. scale 1-6 - Correct answer acid  Ph. scale 7 - Correct answer neutral  Ph. scale 8-14 - Correct answer alkaline  Sulfur - Correct answer added to alkaline soils to lower pH  Lime - Correct answer added to acid soils to raise pH  Soil - Correct answer regulates nutrient availability  Two ways soils can be classified - Correct answer organic and mineral  Sexual propagation - Correct answer reproduction of plants with the use of seeds or spores  Propagation Disadvantage - Correct answer producing offspring that are not uniform  Reproductive phase - Correct answer 1. Flower or cone bud induction  2. Flower bud initiation and development  3. Flowering  4. Fruit and seed production if fertilization occurs P a g e 2 | 7  Types of plant diseases - Correct answer pathogenic  Non-pathogenic  Nonpathogenic diseases - Correct answer nutrient deficiencies  Lack of soil moisture  To low or high temp  Air pollution  Soil pH  Hardpans  Chemical injury  Pathogenic disease - Correct answer occurs when a host plant is invaded by a pathogen  3 factors of pathogenic disease - Correct answer susceptible host  Parasitic organism  Environmental conditions  4 major groups of parasitic organisms - Correct answer fungi  Bacteria  Viruses  Nematodes  Saprophytes - Correct answer beneficial fungi  How fungi reproduces - Correct answer forming spores, sclerotic, and mycelia fragments  Penetration of plant tissue - Correct answer direct penetration  Through stomata’s  Through wounds  Bacteria - Correct answer don’t produce spores  The reproduce by simple cell division  How bacteria spread - Correct answer blowing rain  Insects  Humans  Seed  Nematodes - Correct answer very tiny, eel shaped live in soil. Can’t be seen by naked eye. Feed on plant roots  EC or E - Correct answer Emulsifiable concentrates  G - Correct answer granules  WP or W - Correct answer Wet table powders  Included on all labels - Correct answer brand, trade, product name  Common name  Formulation  Ingredient statement P a g e 5 | 7  Type of pesticide  Manufacturer  Registration and establishment. Numbers  Words or symbols  Monocots - Correct answer angiosperms that have only one seed leaf  Dicots - Correct answer angiosperms that have two seed leaves  Two types of weed control - Correct answer pre emerge  Post emerge  Warm season turf grass - Correct answer Bermuda  Zoysia  St. Au  Centipede  Carpet  Bahia  Bermuda - Correct answer fine texture  Zoysia - Correct answer med-fine texture  St. Au - Correct answer very coarse texture  Centipede - Correct answer coarse texture  Carpet grass - Correct answer very coarse texture  Bahia grass - Correct answer very coarse texture  Vegetative turf grass establishment - Correct answer colonizing  Sprigging  Plugging  Sodding  Strip sodding  Types of turf fertilizers - Correct answer synthetic inorganic  Synthetic organic  Natural organic  Arboriculture - Correct answer the planting and care of woody plants, especially trees.  Cod it - Correct answer Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees  Transplanting size - Correct answer smaller are usually easier than larger plants of the same species  Transplanting season - Correct answer late November through February  Determining the need to fertilize - Correct answer inspect the twig elongation  Twig growth of trees each year P a g e 6 | 7  Crown raising - Correct answer removes the lower branches of a tree in order to provide clearance for buildings, signs, vehicles, pedestrians, and lines of sight  Climbing spurs - Correct answer can damage a tree, they are approved for use only on trees to be removed, or for aerial rescues.  Best time to plant palms - Correct answer end of April to august  Propagation by seed - Correct answer easiest way to increase the number of palms  Ground cover - Correct answer greatly enhance beauty of the landscape  Erosion control on slopes  Lawn maintenance reduction  Filling narrow or odd areas  Provides vegetative growth  Reduces temp and glare  Annuals - Correct answer complete life cycle in one growing season  Perennials - Correct answer live longer than two years  Color bed guidelines - Correct answer use masses of the same color  Pleasantly contrast the background  Colors that blend together  Locate color where you want to draw someone’s attention  Rose culture requirements - Correct answer 8-10 hours of sun light  Well drained area  Plant bare root in the winter  Trips - Correct answer most common insect that damages roses  Aphids - Correct answer most common insect found in LA on roses  Roes Water requirement - Correct answer 1 inch of water per week  Contract - Correct answer agreement enforceable by law  Verbal or written  Types of contracts - Correct answer unit price  Cost plus  Lump sum or fixed price  Grantees and replacements - Correct answer not la law to include for plants installed but is common practice to include 90 days P a g e 7 | 7