LS 15 Phelan UCLA Final Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 2024, Exams of Social Psychology of Emotion

Download LS 15 Phelan UCLA Final Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 2024 and more Exams Social Psychology of Emotion in PDF only on Docsity! LS 15 Phelan UCLA Final Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 2024 Why is the rate and direction of change more important than absolute levels how does this relate to - Correct answer-50% of all suicides in prison happen in 1st 2 weeks Extreme depression cuz it's a big change If they make it thru things improve Our happiness is relative to our basic feelings Why are emotions designed to be less permanent than they feel - Correct answer-Brain states that alter your behavior in ways beneficial to your genes Sitting being happy al the time is not consistent w evolution Motivate u to do something so u can be motivated again once they reset Describe 3 lines of evidence to support the idea that emotions are tools used to motivate our behavior - Correct answer-Ex: guilt, jealousy, desire Guilt motivates you to not be selfish Desire motivates you to act in a certain way to achieve your goals Emotions like a lack of happiness can motivate you to take drugs Sexual jealousy: if u are scared of someone cheating on you, you are going to step up your game Using an example describe the interplay between culture and biology - Correct answer-Culture is learning things its tech, education, etc Ex: all of us have been reproductively mature for a while now, and very few of us have children. Bio sets us up to be reproductively mature at age 13. Ex: ppl start having sex at age 16 but birth control prevents them from having kids You are nudged in certain places but culture decides how you act on these urges What is the fundamental reproductive equation what does it reveal about culture and biology - Correct answer-Sex = pregnancy = babies = maternal child care = loss of female economic opportunity = loss of female political power It's hard to fight biological urges Sex does not have to equal pregnancy -> rubber Pregnancy does not have to equal babies -> surgery Babies do not have to equal maternal child care -> rubber nipples Maternal childcare does not have to equal loss of female economic opportunity -> daycare Loss of female economic opportunity does not have to equal loss of female political power -> The cultural idea that the person in power doesn't need to have the most money basically democracy There are certain biological constraints on how we r built that unchecked can lead to undesirable outcomes Culture can block every step of the fundamental reproductive equation The invention of vulcanized rubber can stop that equation at 3 dif places Bio is not an excuse Using 2 examples explain what constrained learning is and how it illuminates culture biology - Correct answer-Ex: It is easier to grasp a language at a younger age compared to learning a language at age 20 because it is a biological constraint. Rats could learn to associate certain stimuli and physical conditions but couldn't learn to associate others Associate nausea and weird taste Associate light+noise w electric shock But could never learn to not drink water Monkeys could not learn to be scared of flowers, but they were quick to learn to fear snakes CNS = brain + spinal cord The nervous system exists in us so we can detect external stimuli, integrate them with our existence and needs, and take action What do our senses all have in common? - Correct answer-Specialized receptors that respond to external stimuli with a signal to the brain What's an action potential? When does one occur? - Correct answer-- It's either flushing or not and there's a threshold - Change in membrane potential needs to be - Same across all the species described as an electrical signal Steps Resting-state Depolarization: Na+ rushes in and cells become +ve Repolarization: K+ rushes out and cells become -ve Undershoot: K+ channels are slow to close so K+ keeps rushing out making it too negative Returns to rest: Na+ and K+ closes, the Na+ is pumped out and K+ is pumped in using an example describe how drugs influence stuff at the synapse Caffeine, botox, cocaine, Prozac, heroin, Adderall Understanding one topic - Correct answer-Typical synapse: AP arrives at terminal button Calcium channels open and calcium rushes in Vesicles fuse with terminal button membrane NT dumped into the synapse NT binds with the postsynaptic receptor, causes AP or muscle contraction Re-uptake/enzymatic breakdown Pleasure Center: Neuron is stimulated Dopamine is released in the synapse Receptors of adjacent cells bind to dopamine and fire Happiness ensues How does each drug work - Correct answer-Cocaine binds to the reuptake receptor, blocks them, and dopamine remains in the synapse, pleasure is intensified Prozac blocks serotonin re-uptake which reduces depression Adenosine is supposed to slow down neuron firing... Caffeine looks like adenosine and binds to adenosine receptors; it prevents accumulating adenosine from inhibiting brain activity. Caffeine increases neuron firing. LSD binds to serotonin receptors Ecstacy blocks serotonin re-uptake Botox blocks calcium channels from opening so neurons cannot fire, and muscles become paralyzed. Prevents acetylcholine release Adderall blocks re-uptake of dop, ser, and adrenaline Hormones: what are they? How do they work? Use an example - Correct answer-Chemical signals that are secreted into our body fluids that may reach many cells but only the target cells respond Keep in contrast w nervous system Hormones affect the body over time The nervous system affects the body rapidly Regulating processes + responses in ur body They stimulate stuff happening Radio waves are everywhere all the time just like hormones. Hormones are out there in the circulatory system but when a hormone hits a cell it can turn genes on or off Individuals don't produce testosterone receptors If u don't have receptors it's like u have 0 testosterone Receptors really matter Oxytocin is a peptide hormone that influences people's trust in others, encouraging social attachment Cortisol is pumped when you are nervous, suppressing your immune system and focusing the body's efforts elsewhere Describe 3 lines of evidence suggesting estrogen and testosterone influences sex differences - Correct answer-Supplementing estrogen improves object memory performance Menopause decreases OMP Menstruation cycles -> OMP highest mid-cycle Testosterone stimulates hair growth, low voice, and muscle mass Testosterone improves visuospatial skills Male rats are better at maze running than female rats only during high testosterone season Describe when oxytocin release is stimulated and the consequences - Correct answer-Skin to skin contact Social attachment, increased trust Same for Cortisol Stressful environment Fight or flight responses The immune system is suppressed Male-female physical differences: what are the implications for birds vs mammals? - Correct answer- Birds don't have internal gestation; they sit on the egg so males can also invest Birds don't lactate so males can invest The asymmetry between males and females in reproductive investment is much less than humans More birds are monogamous than mammals How do male-female differences relate to mate guarding? Why? - Correct answer-Male's have more paternity uncertainty They want a high degree of certainty that offspring is his He can do this by being right next to the female for a long period of time In humans, babies are altricial so they benefit from parental investment