The Great Depression and World War II: Causes, Effects, and Key Events, Exams of History

Download The Great Depression and World War II: Causes, Effects, and Key Events and more Exams History in PDF only on Docsity! LSU HIST 2057 EXAM 3 complete study ahead actual solution Louisiana State University Charles Ponzi - >solicited fund that promised returns from exchange rates. used gullible investor's money to pay back other investors so that people quickly invested. Ponzi scam Speculation - >An involvement in risky business transactions in an effort to make a quick or large profit. Black Tuesday - >October 29, 1929; date of the worst stock-market crash in American history and beginning of the Great Depression. Buying on margin - >paying a small percentage of a stock's price as a down payment and borrowing the rest Credit Crunch - >occurs when there is a lack of funds available in the credit market, making it difficult for borrowers to obtain financing, and leads to a rise in the cost of borrowing Welfare Capitalism - >An approach to labor relations in which companies meet some of their workers' needs without prompting by unions, thus preventing strikes and keeping productivity high Hooverville - >Depression shantytowns, named after the president whom many blamed for their financial distress Dust Bowl - >A drought in the 1930s that turned the Great Plains very dry. J Edgar Hoover - >The director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation who investigated and harassed alleged radicals. Herbert Hoover - >Republican candidate who assumed the presidency in March 1929 promising the American people prosperity and attempted to first deal with the Depression by trying to restore public faith in the community. Bonus Army - >Group of WWI vets. that marched to D.C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of their goverment war bonuses in cash John Maynard Keynes - >English economist who advocated the use of government monetary and fiscal policy to maintain full employment without inflation (1883-1946) Deficit Spending - >Government practice of spending more than it takes in from taxes Franklin D Roosevelt - >32nd US President - He began New Deal programs to help the nation out of the Great Depression, and he was the nation's leader during most of WWII New Deal - >A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression. Blitzkreig - >"Lighting Wars" type of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland in 1939 Winston Churchill - >A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West. Arsenal of Democracy - >Referred to America's Ability to supply its European allies with war supplies prior to the U.S. entry into WWII. Lend Lease - >allows America to sell, lend, or lease arms or other war supplies to any nation considered "vital to the defense of the U.S." Four Freedoms - >Freedom of Speech, Religion, Want, from Fear; used by FDR to justify a loan for Britain, if the loan was made, the protection of these freedoms would be ensured Pearl Harbor (1941) - >United States military base on Hawaii that was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II. Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941. Liberty Ships - >Ships built using mass production methods that carried goods and troops during WWII. Japanese Internment - >Japanese and Japanese Americans from the West Coast of the United States during WWII. While approximately 10,000 were able to relocate to other parts of the country of their own choosing, the remainder-roughly 110,000 men, women and children- were sent to hastly constructed camps called "War Relocation Centers" in remote portions of the nation's interior. WAVES - >any disturbance that transmits energy through matter or space. Bracero Program - >Plan that brought laborers from Mexico to work on American farms Battle of Midway - >1942 World War II battle between the United States and Japan, a turning point in the war in the Pacific Genocide - >Deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group Manhattan Project - >code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II D-Day - >June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II. Yalta Conference - >1945 Meeting with US president FDR, British Prime Minister(PM) Winston Churchill, and and Soviet Leader Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war Dresden Firebombing - >the US Air Force and the British Air Force bombed Dresden to the ground; it was the only place not bombed yet and contained a lot of industrial factories that generated supplies for the German Army Potsdam Conference - >July 26, 1945 - Allied leaders Truman, Stalin and Churchill met in Germany to set up zones of control and to inform the Japanese that if they refused to surrender at once, they would face total destruction. Hiroshima and Nagasaki - >nuclear attacks during World War II against the Empire of Japan by the United States of America at the order of U.S. President Harry S. Truman Nuremberg Trials - >A series of court proceedings held in Nuremberg, Germany, after World War II, in which Nazi leaders were tried for aggression, violations of the rules of war, and crimes against humanity. United Nations - >An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation. Bretton Woods - >Representatives from 44 countries met in New Hampshire to design a new international monetary system; resulted in the establishment of the IMF and the World Bank. Iron Curtain - >A political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eastern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region Containment - >American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world George Kennan - >He was an American diplomat and ambassador best known as "the father of containment" and as a key figure in the emergence of the Cold War. Truman Doctrine - >1947, President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey Marshall Plan - >A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)