Chinese and Jewish Historical Timeline: Dynasties, Rebellions, Immigration, and Religion, Quizzes of World History

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TERM 1 Xia Dynasty DEFINITION 1 Came to power first in 21 BCE TERM 2 Shang Dynasty DEFINITION 2 Start to see the beginning of written record TERM 3 Dynastic Power DEFINITION 3 Passed down through family kinships/linkages TERM 4 Qing Dynasty DEFINITION 4 Patriarchal Industrial based Lost power because of westernization and imperialism TERM 5 Queue DEFINITION 5 A hairstyle in which the hair is worn long and gathered up into a ponytail Could not be cut Treasonous for not having it because showed loyalty to the ruling family of the Qing Dynasty (Queue Order) Hairstyle let them immigrate to US because still showed commitment to China TERM 6 China's Taiping Rebellion 1814- 1864 DEFINITION 6 "Civil War" of China Hong Xiuquan leads the rebellion because he has visions of Christianity that he had to save Chinese people from the devil but the alleged brother of Jesus kills himself His followers shaved their Queue Got a lot of attention is Southern China where most of the trade went on so that Western support came in with guns, cannons and ships since they had investments there F.T. War & Major Charles Warden came to defend Shang Hai from the rebels with their "Ever Victorious Army" TERM 7 Worship God Society DEFINITION 7 The name of the movement that Hong Xiuquan started during Taiping Rebellion Recognized equality for both men and women, wanted equal distribution of land, wanted to forbid the use of foot binding and ban concubines TERM 8 China's Boxer Rebellion 1898-1901 DEFINITION 8 Takes place in Northern China Challenges foreign powers coming into China because they want to govern themselves in trade and of themselves Imperialism - against the colonization of China Foreign powers divide China up into the Sphere of Influence National alliance of 8 countries bring 20,000 troops (Qing dynasty isn't officially supporting but are funding) Countries that came into China told them that they need to pay 67 million pounds (More than the annual revenue of China) TERM 9 Sphere of Influence DEFINITION 9 National alliance of 8 countries bring 20,000 troops (Qing dynasty isn't officially supporting but are funding) TERM 10 China's Republican Revolution 1911 DEFINITION 10 Wuchang Uprising - began with the dissatisfaction of the Chinese railway systems and escalates to an uprising New Army of the Republic launches a coo against Qing military officials Sun Yat-Sen Republic of China is the result of this nationalist uprising Qing dynasty ousted because of this Japanese are a problem to China until 1945 TERM 21 Asiatic Barred Zone Act DEFINITION 21 Large region of Asia unable to immigrate to the United States TERM 22 Magnuson Act of 1943 DEFINITION 22 Repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 TERM 23 Chinese Communist Party (CCP) DEFINITION 23 Founded in 1921 Mao Zedong eventually took it over Nationalist Chiang Kai-Shek TERM 24 People's Republic of China October 1, 1949 DEFINITION 24 After WWII in a battle of Nationalists and Communists, it formed a communist country TERM 25 New wave of Chinese immigration DEFINITION 25 More wealthy and well-education New conditions such as factory workers and chinatowns were created Factories were not monitored or maintained "Sweatshops" TERM 26 Conflict of Chinese People DEFINITION 26 American-Born Chinese (ABC) are seen as spoiled and privileged Fresh off the boat (FOB) are seen as lacking education TERM 27 How was China ruled as a country and how did that impact the people? DEFINITION 27 Dynasty, hereditary monarchy People did not like it's actions and rebelled TERM 28 What were the goals of the two Chinese rebellions discussed? DEFINITION 28 Taiping Rebellion - Equality among classes and genders, Christianity, Only one spouse, removal of foot binding Boxer Rebellion - Nationalistic lines dealing with imperialism TERM 29 What was the initial motivation of the Chinese in immigrating to the US in the 19th century? DEFINITION 29 California Gold Rush TERM 30 Judaism DEFINITION 30 Founded by Abraham in 2000 BCE Monotheistic TERM 31 Moses DEFINITION 31 1391-1271 BCE Finds out that he's a born Jew and decides to go back to his original roots Known as the one that frees the Jews from slavery Parts the Red Sea Wanders Egypt in the desert for 40 days and 40 nights Mt. Sinai is where God gives him the 10 Commandments TERM 32 First Temple of Jerusalem DEFINITION 32 Signifies the Kingdom of the Jews developing from King David and Solomon 587 BCE Babylonians conquer and destroy TERM 33 Second Temple of Jerusalem DEFINITION 33 Built under Persian Rule Destroyed by Roman Emperor Titus in 70 CE TERM 34 Sephardic Jews DEFINITION 34 Expelled from Spain in 1492 during Spanish Inquisition and went to Africa Least common Jew seen in present US TERM 35 Ashkenazi Jews DEFINITION 35 Descendants from communities along the Rhine River in GermanyAshkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim, are the Jews descended from the medieval Jewish communities along the Rhine in Germany from Alsace in the south to the Rhineland in the north. TERM 46 What impact did Hitler and the Nazi party have on Jewish migration to the U.S.? DEFINITION 46 More and more laws were passed against the Jewish community so many Jews decided to migrate out of fear. Annually 8,000 Jewish Refugees immigrated to the US TERM 47 What did the establishment of Israel as a country mean for Jews? DEFINITION 47 It allowed for Jews to have an ethnic homeland. TERM 48 How did the establishment of Israel as a country affect Jewish migration to America? DEFINITION 48 People start to immigrate from Europe to Israel as opposed to America to aid the establishment of Israel. TERM 49 Under whom did more Jews die, Hitler or Stalin? DEFINITION 49 Stalin TERM 50 What happened to Jews after the death of Stalin? DEFINITION 50 After Stalin died, policies were relaxed and more Jews were able to migrate. TERM 51 What is Anti-Semitism? DEFINITION 51 Stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination against Jews. TERM 52 What does the rise of communism do to the Jews reputation? DEFINITION 52 When communism, and it's threats, arrose in 1917, Jews were accused of being "communist sympathizers" and trying to infiltrate the American government. TERM 53 What did migrating to America do for the good of the Jewish American immigrants? DEFINITION 53 When the Jews came to America, they were able to profit from their background as merchants and prosper during the Industrial Revolution. TERM 54 What did the prosperity of the Jewish American immigrants result in? DEFINITION 54 It attributed to the stereotype of being wealthy and cheats. TERM 55 How did the pre-World War II Jewish American immigrants assimilate to American culture? DEFINITION 55 Those who arrived prior to World War II were not concerned with preserving their ethnicity and tended to Americanize very quickly. TERM 56 How did post-World War II Jewish American immigrants assimilate to American culture? DEFINITION 56 Those Jews who migrated to America after World War II migrated because of problems they faced such as the Holocaust and the destruction of their religious and ethnic group. They had a strong desire to maintain their Judaism rather than to become Americanized. TERM 57 What was Castle Garden? DEFINITION 57 The first immigration processing center for immigrants entering American. TERM 58 When did Castle Garden open? Close? DEFINITION 58 Opened in 1855. Closed in 1890. TERM 59 Where was Castle Garden located? DEFINITION 59 Manhattan, New York TERM 60 What is the 1882 Immigration Law? DEFINITION 60 A $0.50 tax would be levied on all immigrants landing atUSports TERM 71 What is the story of Remus and Romulus? DEFINITION 71 Rome was founded by twin brothers who were trying to determine who would name the city and where it would be built. They fought each other to death, Romulus won and named the city Rome TERM 72 What was the significance of Sardinia in Italian unification? DEFINITION 72 Sardinia leads the rally for the unification of Italy. The Sardinian principalities unite and a government is instated with legislation and rights given to the people. TERM 73 What was the significance of King Victor Emmanuel in the unification of Italy? DEFINITION 73 King Victor Emmanuel, King of Sardinia at the time, is attributed to the unification of Italy because of his desire to rule over the nation. Monarch who allows a representative government TERM 74 What was the significance of Count Camillo Benso di Cavour and his aid in the unification of Italy? DEFINITION 74 As of 1850, he is Prime Minister and is determined to unify Italy. Cavour makes the push with Northern Italy, but the Southern does not get on board immediately. He gets Italy unified by causing a Nationalist Uprising with Garabaldi TERM 75 When did the first attempts for Italian unification occur? DEFINITION 75 The first attempts of unification happened in the 19th century, particularly with Napoleon Bonaparte. TERM 76 Who ruled the separate states in Italy prior to unification? DEFINITION 76 The separate states were controlled by families, with the exception of the Papal States. TERM 77 Who ruled the Papal States? DEFINITION 77 The Papal States were governed by the Papal Church. TERM 78 Who was Mussolini? DEFINITION 78 Mussolini was elected Prime Minister of Italy in 1922, and then became the head of the Italian Government from 1925-1943. TERM 79 Who encouraged Facism during World War I in Italy? DEFINITION 79 Mussolini TERM 80 What is Fascism? DEFINITION 80 An authoritarian nationalistic right-winged system of government; an extremely conservative dictatorship that does not revolve around a religious basis. TERM 81 What was Mussolini's police rule like? DEFINITION 81 Strict and limiting. They would start fights just to start them. TERM 82 What were the push factors leading to Italian American immigration? DEFINITION 82 Unification - Southern Italians felt controlled by Northerners, they didn't get help with agricultural issues and war just poor, farmers - Northerners were merchants Overpopulation - Birth rates rose, death rates fell. Poor areas had a larger amount of people. Natural Disasters - Mt. Vesuvius erupted in Naples, Mt Ena on Sicily and a 1908 Earthquake killed more than 100,000 people Persecution - Southern Italians felt persecuted because it was more about the people you grew up with TERM 83 What were the pull factors leading to Italian American immigration? DEFINITION 83 Employment - Their goal was to be temporary and then go back to Italy with industrial jobs Opportunity - Before 1900s, only single males. After, came with families for more permanent time. Would take care of Italy by sending back money, but it didn't stimulate American economy TERM 84 Where did Northern Italians settle in America? DEFINITION 84 They tended to settle in the cities and continued to work as merchants as they did previously as shopkeepers/shop owners TERM 85 What led to the demise of Southern Italians when they migrated to America? DEFINITION 85 They were unskilled and typically took jobs requiring manual labor, particularly construction TERM 96 What was the goal of the National Italian American Federation? DEFINITION 96 To preserve Italian culture in America sponsoring scholarships, cultural festivals. TERM 97 What is the Sons of Italy in America? DEFINITION 97 The oldest Italian paternal association. TERM 98 What did the Sons of Italy in America do to help with the prosperity in Italian Americans? DEFINITION 98 It helped Italians assimilate into society aiding them to establish themselves in America. TERM 99 What is Pan-Slavism? DEFINITION 99 Refers to ethnicity and the idea of protecting your Slavic brethren and forming a nation without a state. TERM 100 What did Pan-Slavism do to the Slavic people? DEFINITION 100 It connected people from various states into one identity, which has an impact on their migration. TERM 101 Who is Peter the Great? DEFINITION 101 Under the Romanov's Tried to modernize Russia Creates Gateway to St. Petersburg TERM 102 Who is Alexander II? DEFINITION 102 Known as the Tsar that freed the Serfs (not free people that are tied to the land, so cannot leave) Tried to be liberal Have some reforms TERM 103 The Mir DEFINITION 103 Former Russian peasant community TERM 104 When was the Tsar replaced with a provisional government in Russia? DEFINITION 104 In the first revolution of the Russian Revolution in February 1917 TERM 105 What was the Romanov family's significance in Russia? DEFINITION 105 It was the second and last dynasty to rule over Russia. TERM 106 What was the October Revolution? DEFINITION 106 Volschicks seize power and boot Romanov's out of power TERM 107 Who are the White Russians? DEFINITION 107 In favor of the monarchy TERM 108 Who were the Greens? DEFINITION 108 Consisted of other countries fighting against the Russians (US, Britain, France) TERM 109 Which particular powers dominated Eastern Europe in the 19th century? DEFINITION 109 Prussia, Austria-Hungary, Russia and the Ottoman Empire. TERM 110 What is conscription? DEFINITION 110 Requiring a certain amount of time to be sent in the army which often times results in death. TERM 121 When was the fall of the Soviet Union? DEFINITION 121 1990 TERM 122 Why did Polish Catholics immigrate after WWII? DEFINITION 122 Organized religion is not practiced under communism so immigrating to the US was the best idea TERM 123 From 1868-1929, where did the Japanese Americans migrate to? DEFINITION 123 Hawaii TERM 124 How many Japanese people migrated to Hawaii from 1868-1929? DEFINITION 124 231,000. TERM 125 When was the second wave for Japanese American immigration? DEFINITION 125 1880-1920. TERM 126 Where did most of the Japanese American immigrants go during the second wave? DEFINITION 126 West Coast mainland. TERM 127 What government type was usually active in Japan? DEFINITION 127 Primarily dynastic. The throne was passed down from one family to the next. TERM 128 What was Japanese Isolationism? DEFINITION 128 When they did not trade with other countries for any goods or services TERM 129 What was Japans government like from 1155- 1863? DEFINITION 129 Feudalistic TERM 130 What was the role of emperors in Feudalistic Japan? DEFINITION 130 They served as figureheads and held little power like the fact that they could not control feudal landlords TERM 131 What were feudal landlords? DEFINITION 131 Like Serfs, except they were allowed to be free despite somewhat enslavement TERM 132 What role did U.S. Captain Commodore Matthew Perry play in Japanese Isoloationism? DEFINITION 132 He was sent with a naval fleet to Japan to coerce the government to sign a treaty to open trade with the U.S. TERM 133 Matthew Perry's role was called Gun Force Imperialism. Why? DEFINITION 133 Because Japan had no choice to trade, or face war. TERM 134 What does trade do for Japan? DEFINITION 134 Feudalism is discarded and a central government was formed, which turns into the Empire of Japan. TERM 135 When did the Empire of Japan start? DEFINITION 135 1868 TERM 146 What happened on December 7, 1941? DEFINITION 146 Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese. TERM 147 What happened to Japanese Americans as a result of Pearl Harbor? DEFINITION 147 They were placed in internment camps due to 'guilt by association.' TERM 148 Executive Order 9066 DEFINITION 148 Used to use military force to evacuate Japanese immigrants to relocation camps in mostly California and Oregon TERM 149 How many Japanese Americans were reimbursed for tragedies that may have happened to them during Relocation? DEFINITION 149 About 10% between 1945-1950. TERM 150 When and why were reparations paid out to Japanese Americans? DEFINITION 150 In 1988 under the Civil Liberties Act of 1988 passed under Reagan that provided reparations of $20,000 for each surviving detainee. TERM 151 What are "Latinos" (Hispanics)? DEFINITION 151 The term given to Americans with origins in the Hispanic countries in Latin America or Spain TERM 152 When did the Spanish Conquerers arrive and what was the result of this? DEFINITION 152 1500s - where they came to find gold and riches along with converting everyone to Catholicism Result was small settlements emerging over Mexico, enslaving the native people and forcing them to aid in the search for gold TERM 153 Particularly, who were the Spaniards who arrived first? DEFINITION 153 They were primarily men Lack of women TERM 154 What was a result of the lack of women in the first Spanish immigrants? DEFINITION 154 Many people had relations with the native people producing mixed chidden that were deemed as 'Mestizos'. TERM 155 Mestizo DEFINITION 155 A term traditionally used in Latin America and Spain for people of mixed heritage or descent TERM 156 When does Mexico gain independence from Spain? DEFINITION 156 1821 TERM 157 Why did the Mexican government limit the number of American immigrants that could come into Mexico? DEFINITION 157 The amount of American-born citizens began to outnumber the amount of Mexican-born citizens occupying the region TERM 158 Describe the Texas Revolution. DEFINITION 158 Due to the large number of American citizens occupying 'Tejas' (Texas), the US believed that it should be apart of the United States as opposed to Mexican territory. Texans also wanted to have slaves, but Mexican law denied it. TERM 159 What did the Texas Revolution result in? DEFINITION 159 It led to the establishment of the Alamo - where 180 Texans were garrisoned to maintain the expulsion of Mexicans out of the region. These men were not natives, but newcomers of Texas TERM 160 When was Texas annexed into the US? DEFINITION 160 1845 1848 - became a state TERM 171 What are the five specific types of Mexican migration? DEFINITION 171 1. Legal with official Visas2. Undocumented/Illegal immigrants3. Braceros4. Commuters5. "Border Crossers" or Migrant Workers TERM 172 What were braceros? DEFINITION 172 Seasonal farm workers on contract; migrant workers. TERM 173 What were commuters? DEFINITION 173 Work visas for American and commute back and forth. TERM 174 What were Border Crossers? DEFINITION 174 Short term workers with permits whom become domestic workers TERM 175 Who were Legals? DEFINITION 175 People that have official Visas TERM 176 Who were Illegals? DEFINITION 176 Those that did not have documents to be in the country TERM 177 From 1910-1930, what was the distribution (most to least) of Mexican immigrants? DEFINITION 177 Braceros, Border Crossers, Commuters, Legal, and lastly Illegal. TERM 178 From 1942-1954, what was the distribution (most to least) of Mexican immigrants? DEFINITION 178 Legal, Braceros, Commuters, Border Crossers, Illegal. TERM 179 From 1965 to the present, what is the distribution (most to least) of Mexican immigrants? DEFINITION 179 Illegal, Legal, Commuters, Border Crossers, Braceros. TERM 180 Between 1942-1954 how many Mexicans arrive in the US as braceros? DEFINITION 180 Approximately 5 million. TERM 181 What was the 1942 Emergency Farm Labor Agreement? DEFINITION 181 It increased the number of Mexican immigrants that were permitted into the US to farm as 'immigrant workers' (braceros). TERM 182 What was the Emergency Quota Act of 1924? DEFINITION 182 Stated that only 2% of the immigrant population of 1890 could immigrate to the US. TERM 183 What did the Emergency Quota Act of 1924 do to Mexican immigration? DEFINITION 183 It didn't affect it and is purposely excluded to allow the large labor migrant population to flourish. TERM 184 What was the 1965 Immigration Act? DEFINITION 184 Abolished national quotas and substituted hemispheric caps: 170,000 for the Eastern Hemisphere and 120,000 for the Western Hemisphere with a limit of 20,000 annually from any nation. Set a limit of 290,000 annually on immigration. TERM 185 What did the 1965 Immigration Act do to Mexican immigration? DEFINITION 185 It permitted 20,000 Mexicans into America annually, whereas previously, they were excluded from all immigration quotas. TERM 196 What does Cesar Chavez do the the UFWOC? DEFINITION 196 He stepped in and rallies for the causes. TERM 197 What happened in 1965 with regards to Mexican Americans and Chavez? DEFINITION 197 A conflict arrises over better wages, and the Mexican Americans retaliated non-violently, primarily because of Chavez. TERM 198 What happened in 1975 concerning the governor of California and Mexican American assimilation? DEFINITION 198 The governor of California signed the Agricultural Labor Relations Act to allow the Mexican American laborers to assert themselves and gain rights to form unions. TERM 199 What did the Agricultural Labor Relations Act do to help assimilation of Mexican Americans? DEFINITION 199 It played a huge role in reaching the full level of assimilation by gaining political rights. TERM 200 What were the founding principals of Cuba? DEFINITION 200 At first it was a colony of Spain that primarily produced cattle, sugar cane and tobacco. TERM 201 What happens in Cuba as a result of the Spaniard coming over? DEFINITION 201 The Native Indian population starts to die out with the arrival of foreign disease. TERM 202 What is the result of the Native Indian population dying out in Cuba? DEFINITION 202 The Spanish replaced the absent labor force with enslaved Africans. TERM 203 When was slavery abolished in Cuba? DEFINITION 203 1886 TERM 204 When did Cuba gain independence from Spain? DEFINITION 204 1895 or 1898 TERM 205 What was significant about Cuba in relation to the rebellions against Spain in the 1820s? DEFINITION 205 Cuba remained loyal when other Latin American countries began to revolt. TERM 206 Who was Jose Marti? DEFINITION 206 A Cuban national hero that was pivotal in the push for independence against Spain in 1895 through the Cuban War of Independence. TERM 207 When and what was the Spanish-American War? DEFINITION 207 In 1898, it was a conflict between Spain and the United States because of the US intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. TERM 208 What was the Treaty of Paris? DEFINITION 208 Following the Spanish-Amerian War, it was signed where Cuba, Puerto Rica and the Phillippines were brought under the US control TERM 209 What was used in America to help the sympathy for Cubans? DEFINITION 209 Yellow Journalism, sensationalizing the people of the Cubans in concentration camps, ultimately 'exaggerating' the plight of the Cubans. TERM 210 What does the US do during the Spanish- American War to ensure Cuban safety? DEFINITION 210 They sent the USS Maine to be stationed outside of Cuba as a precautionary measure. TERM 221 What is the Cuban immigration group consisted of? DEFINITION 221 Mainly upper class Cuban citizens who lose possessions and status due to the redistribution of wealth under Castro and his socialist doctrines. TERM 222 What was the Mariel Boatlift? DEFINITION 222 125,000 Cubans arrive in the US in 1980 from Havana TERM 223 Cuban American Adjustment Act? DEFINITION 223 Applies to any native or citizen ofCubawho has been inspected and admitted orparoledinto theUnited Statesafter January 1, 1959 After being physically present for at least one year they are able to become a permanent resident TERM 224 What was the Cuban Refugee Program? DEFINITION 224 1.3 billion dollars invested into it of financial assistance for immigrating Cubans Mostly settled in Miami, FL and Union City, NJ TERM 225 What happened between 1962 and 1965 for Cuba? DEFINITION 225 Cuban Missile Crisis strained relations 500,000 people with money immigrated and settled mostly in Florida TERM 226 What are Freedom Flights? DEFINITION 226 Occurred from 1956-1973 Happened twice daily where they brought people from Cuba over TERM 227 What happened in 1968-1980 in Cuba? DEFINITION 227 Six political dissidents drove to the Peruvian embassy seeking asylum, where the bus sped up and Cuba officials started firing, resulting in one bullet killing a card The Cuban Haitian Entrant was established to those seeking political asylum TERM 228 What happened from 1994-present time with Cuban immigration? DEFINITION 228 20,000 visas are granted annually to prevent further mass exodus to the US TERM 229 What is the Wet Feet/Dry Feet Policy? DEFINITION 229 In 1996 it was agreed if a Cuban fled and made it to dry land in the US, they could pursue residency after one year, but if they were caught in the water they would have to go back to Cuba TERM 230 What is Puerto Rico now known as? DEFINITION 230 The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, as an American territory. It is considered to be part of the US, the people are considered US citizens but do not have federal voting rights. TERM 231 What country owned Puerto Rico before becoming an American territory? DEFINITION 231 Spain occupies Puerto Rico as a Spanish Colony from 1493 until the late 1800s. TERM 232 When did Puerto Rico become serious about becoming independent? DEFINITION 232 In 1897, Puerto Rico decided to assert their independence and gain political autonomy. TERM 233 When does Puerto Rico become an American territory and what happens then? DEFINITION 233 In 1899. As a result, a political system in instated. However, Puerto Rico has no political autonomy. TERM 234 How does Puerto Rico not have political autonomy after it becomes an American territory? DEFINITION 234 A governor, of US origin, is put in place to oversee the country. The language in school is changed to English and all issues of government is subject to the veto of American government. TERM 235 What was the Jones Act? DEFINITION 235 In 1917, it awards American citizenship to all Puerto Rican citizens. TERM 246 What do the Shia Islams believe? DEFINITION 246 They believe that following the prophet Mohammed's death, the leadership should have passed directly to his son-in-law, Ali - as the leader of the faith should be from the bloodline. They have no recognized elected leaders. TERM 247 What do the Sunni Islams believe? DEFINITION 247 They agree with the position taken by the Mohammed's companions that the new leader should be elected from those who are capable and knowledgeable around the prophet, rather than it passing through the bloodline. TERM 248 When was the most significant increase of Arab immigration? DEFINITION 248 During the first wave of immigration, 1880-1920, majority were Sunni's that lost their land As of 1967-2003, 2000 ensues said 4.2 Americans consider themselves Arabs TERM 249 Why did the Arab-Americans come to America? DEFINITION 249 They came to work, mainly in industrialized cities, mostly in Detroit TERM 250 Where does Ford move his factory and what is a result of this? DEFINITION 250 He moves the plant to Dearborn, and many Arabs decided to move along with the plant. Paid 5 dollars a day to anyone who would work TERM 251 What was the significance of Dearborn? DEFINITION 251 Signs were all in Arabic and EnglishSchools were taught in English but had ESL classesDid not allow for much assimilation