Lecture 24: GIS - Biomass Potential in NY State - Prof. S. Degloria, Lab Reports of Agricultural engineering

Download Lecture 24: GIS - Biomass Potential in NY State - Prof. S. Degloria and more Lab Reports Agricultural engineering in PDF only on Docsity! CSS 4200 Geographic Information Systems Lecture 24: - Announcements: 108 Bradfield: GIS Workshop, 8-9 December Course Evaluations (on-line site open: 1-10 December) http://courseeval.cornell.edu/evaluation/index.cfm Labs #9/10 due Friday, 12Dec, 5p (M:\Lab10: .ppt,.pdf;.doc,.xml,.html) Course score/grade to date (individually) by Monday, 15Dec, 5p Final Exam, Wednesday, 17Dec, 9a, G14 Fernow (Prelim #1,2+) Final course score/grade (individually) by Friday, 19 Dec, 5p Instructor course grades due Monday, 22Dec, 5p - GIS Applications Pop vs. Soda (GENERIC NAMES FOR SOFT DRINKS i B BY COUNTY host Popular Term Used Pop [i 20% - 50% Hg 50% - 50% HB 20% 100% Coke [20% - 50% 50% - 60% [20% - 100% Soda []20% - 50% [- ]s0% - 30% GE co% - 100% Other (7) 20% - 50% Gi s0 - 20% Map by Matthew T. Campbell HM 20% - 100% Spatial Graphics and Analysis Lab TM No Data Nap based upon Department of Cartography and Geography 120 ABA Respondants Ec East Central Univerisity (Oklahoma) Respondants through Map Template courtesy of um u.mymaps.cam March 1, 2003 ai) Ee NY State contributes nearly 1% of global greenhouse gas emissions ! Transportation 31% Commercial Buildings 17% Agriculture 2% Waste 15% Industry 12% Residential Buildings 23% Source: Pataki Report Burn wood to generate electricity, Lyonsdale. Co-fire waste wood and short-rotation willow with coal to generate electricity, Greenidge and Dunkirk stations. Use waste vegetable oil for car fuel, Ithaca (~ 25 cars) Make and sell wood pellets, Dry Creek Corp, Arcade. Ethanol from corn: Planned facilities in Fulton, Seneca Falls. Demonstrate feasibility of production and combustion of grass pellets, Ithaca (Jerry Cherney). AND MORE: manure digesters to produce biogas, wood stoves, bio-diesel, compost-heated greenhouses … Some biomass energy projects in NYS Renewable fuel? Carbon-neutral? Bio-energy? Fossil fuels and biofuels both get their energy from sun, thanks to plants and photosynthesis. Renewable fuels can be produced on a plot of land indefinitely. Carbon-neutral means a fuel that doesn’t add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Removal by photosynthesis = emission from combustion. Bio-energy: Energy from any kind of biomass: wood, grass, sewage sludge, other waste materials. What is the current land use in New York State? Current forestland ~ 60% Current crop and hay land ~ 20% Soil: Predict yield based on soil series (mu) Elevation: Remove slopes greater than 15% Prediction: Potential corn yield 4 Corn Yield (bu/ac) oy Value Bea) I 0-50 [__] 81-90 [9 91 - 100 GN 101-110 GB 111 - 120 WM 12: - 130 Potential biomass area, yield, and production Type of Biomass Potential New Area Potential Yield Potential Production NOTE: Herbaceous biomass options are mutually exclusive ---- Mil. acre ---- ---- bu/ac ---- ----1000 t ----- Potential New Crop Area1 1.5 Corn (grain) 1.3 110 4,129 Soybean 1.1 37 1,080 ----- t/ac ---- ---- 1000 t ----- Reed-Canarygrass 1.5 4.1 5,982 Switchgrass 1.2 3.5 4,270 Unimproved Grasses 1.2 1.9 2,429 Forestry, Current non-harvested 5.0 0.5 2,478 Forestry, timber stand improvement 5.0 0.8 3,787 1 Area currently in pasture or old field vegetation with slopes less than 15 Estimate greenhouse gas benefits Biomass energy options include: • Corn for ethanol or heat • Soybean for biodiesel • Switchgrass, reed canarygrass, or unimproved meadow for home heating • Forest biomass for electricity or home/commercial heat For each option: 1) Determine appropriate energy input:output ratio 2) Calculate net fossil fuel energy saved 3) Use published emissions factors to estimate GHG benefit Biomass Fuel Energy Product Net Energy Ratio Net Greenhouse Gas Benefit Percentage of Total NYS Emissions Offset -- lb CO 2 e/ac. -- ----- % ---- Corn grain Ethanol 1.3 497 0.1 Soybean Biodiesel 3.2 791 0.2 Corn grain Heat 7.7 5,026 1.2 Reed-Canarygrass Heat 14.6 7,444 2.0 Switchgrass Heat 14.6 6,845 1.6 Unimproved Grasses Heat 14.6 4,218 1.0 1 Area currently in pasture or old field vegetation with slopes less than 15 2 Fuel comparison is "at the pump", not including fuel production. For ethanol, comparison is to gasoline, for biodiesel, comparison is to diesel. NOTE: These herbaceous options are mutually exclusive Crop and Grass Biomass – Greenhouse Gas Benefits Conclusions, part 2 The best herbaceous and forest biomass production strategies could reduce NYS greenhouse gas emissions by 3.7 %. There is enough underutilized forest and agricultural land for these biomass production options. Co-firing biomass with coal to produce electricity could help meet New York State’s Renewable Portfolio Standard goal (25% renewable). Forest within 50 miles of coal-fired power plants Ownership Meter (FEDERAL B Loca ME Local Govern MENT NEW YORK STATE HE Non-GoVERNMENTAL PRIVATE ( . ) Coal Power Plants Evaporation.kmz