Download Factors Influencing Abnormal Morphogenesis and Birth Defects and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity! MCBM Biology Exam 3 – Clark Questions with Answers Best Rated Update .Guaranteed Success Extrinsic factors for abnormal morphogenesis - Correct Answers deformation, disruption, lower recurrence risk Intrinsic factors for abnormal morphogenesis - Correct Answers malformation (single, multiple), dysplasia (single tissue type) higher recurrence risk major causes of birth defects... - Correct Answers KNOWN (40%) - multifactorial (20%), single gene (8%), environments agents (6%), chromosome anomalies (6%), UNKNOWN (60%) leading cause of death in term newborns - Correct Answers congenital anomalies, 1/30 newborns has a significant birth defect paternal origin of aneuploidy - Correct Answers 45,X (Turner), 47,XYY deformation - Correct Answers abnormal mechanical force that alters shape of, but does not destroy, an otherwise normal organ without halting morphogenesis (twins, ban shaped uterus) olgiohydraminos can cause - Correct Answers facial compression and pulmonary hypoplasia breech presentation can cause - Correct Answers dislocated hip entrapment in a bifid uterus can cause - Correct Answers torticollis and craniofacial asymmetry multiple gestations or large for gestation age babies can cause - Correct Answers intrauterine constraint absence of normal mechanical force - - Correct Answers high arched palate in moronic dystrophy deformation - Potter sequence - Correct Answers deformation sequence dysplasia - renal agenesis is initial event causing olgiohydraminos sequence which causes the (genu recurvate, rocker bottom feet, large flat ears) deformation - Breech position in utero - Correct Answers deformation facial/cranial asymmetry, alveolar ridges approximate on right side first, pressure from foot in utero distorted mandible deformation -micrognathia - Correct Answers facial compression due to transverse lie deformation -compression and extra-uterine gestation - Correct Answers placenta attached to exterior uterus, fetus compressed by mothers abs organs, pulmonary hypoplasia from low amniotic fluid, flat ear and nose, windswept toes disruption - Correct Answers extrinsic factor that destroys otherwise normal tissue and interrupts normal morphogenesis (toxins, trauma etc) disruption - teratogen - Correct Answers teratogens - only preventable birth defect (most drugs are not major teratogens except alcohol/tobacco) retinoic acid - Correct Answers disruption - Accutane, absence of EAC, ear, aortic arch, brain defects, SAB thalidomide - Correct Answers disruption - can treat cancer and autoimmune - limb defects, phocomelia (hands or feet are attached close to the trunk, the limbs being grossly underdeveloped or absent) tobacco - Correct Answers disruption - growth retardation, miscarriage (about 10% of SABs) alcohol - Correct Answers fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, about 1% of US population, poor growth, microcephaly, irritable babies, ave IQ 65, ADHD, short palpebral fissures, smooth phylum, thin upper lip, small distal phalanges, railroad track ears, heart defect, cleft lip Folic Acid (B9) - Correct Answers morphogen - required for normal morphogenesis, 70% of spine bifida and anencephaly would be prevented, 400 micrograms daily from CDC, 4miligrams after child w spine bifida or anencephaly Maternal and Vascular disruption - Correct Answers maternal diabetes, PKU, infant - rubella, cytomegalovirus, HTN vascular- placental abruption, thromboembolic, amniotic rupture Disruption amyoplasia - Correct Answers hypoperfusion/hypoxia of cord, Dec fetal movement, low M mass, policeman’s tip position arm, umbilical cord or amniotic band - circumferential constriction
