Solar Power System Design: Harnessing Renewable Energy in Mersin, Turkey, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Project Management

Download Solar Power System Design: Harnessing Renewable Energy in Mersin, Turkey and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Project Management in PDF only on Docsity! T.C. ALTINBAS UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND NATURAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Solar power system design on Mersin province Design Project (ii) Abdirahman Mohamed Omar Advisor: Asst.Prof Ibrahim KOC iSTANBUL, 2021 T.C. ALTINBAS UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND NATURAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ABDIRAHMAN MOHAMED OMAR DATE OF THESIS DEFENSE: I hereby certify that Abdirahman Mohamed Omar's graduation project was completed under my supervision. I approve of this assignment as a "Design Project." 16/06/2021 Asst. Prof. Ibrahim Kog Contents TV) Introduction... cece cececeeecsesceeesessesesceecsesscsescecsenseseseeecuesaeseceescuesaeseceescueeaeeecaeseeenseeeceeaeee 8 2) Solar CNETYY....sesseesessecseeseescssesseeseecessesueseescssssseeseesesseeseecessssueseessesssseeseessssesueesesseseeseenceseaee 9 2.1) What is Solar Energy.. 2.2) How much solar-type energy CXist ......cceceessescsneesseseeeseeeetsseseesseecsnesessseesseeeteassnessnessneesesaeeseseneees 9 2.2.1 PHOtoVOMtaic........ccceececeseeecseeeeseeseecseessseescsescsesecssseecsesesscsesscseseescseeseseseescseeeeseee 9 2.2.2 Concentrated Solar Energy ......c.cccccsceseescsesessessescseseesesesscseseeseseeecseeseseseeesseeseses 10 2.2.3 Thermal Solar Energy .........cccceecssessssesessesessssesesscsesesseseessseseeseseescseeeeseseeecseeseses 12 3) Photovoltaic panels that produce electricity ...........ccescesesescseseeseseescseeseseseescseeseseseesesees 13 3.1) What types of solar photovoltaic technologies exist today .......c.csssessseseeseeeseeaeteseseessneneeeneeseeenee 14 3.2) The are three type of panels 4) Solar thermal panels that are used for heating PurpOSes............c0:csessceeseseseeseseeeeseeeeee 16 figure 4-1 Thermal Solar Energy in MOrroco.........eescesessesesscseeseseseescseeseseseescseeeses 17 4.1) what is the different between Thermal Solar Energy and Solar PV panels ........cscsseseseneeeeenene 18 4.2) thermal power capacity in Meersin 5) SOLAR ENERGY FIELD IN MERSIN .........csesesssesesseseeseseeseseseescseesessseescseeseseseesesees 20 5.1) What is solar field oo... ceecceceeessneesseseesseeesteseseseseecsnessseseesseeeseaeseassnessnesseeseesseeeseasinessnesanenaeeaeesaeeeee 20 5.2) Types of solar field 5.2.1 Solar Trucker system OM OME AXIS 0... cscs eesesees sees eeseseescseeeeseseeecseeeeseseeecseeseses 22 5.2.2 Solar Trucker system on dual axis .........ccccesesesscseseeseseescseeseseseescseeseseseeesseeeses 24 5.2.3 Tower Central System. 6) Cost And Calculation .....ccccccccecceessssecseseseeseseccesceesscseceesceessceecaescuenaesecaeseeeeaeaecaeseneneenee 27 6.1) How many KM of solar field to power Mersin Province 6.2) What is the main component needed to power MEFSIN PrOVINCE .....eeseseeeeeeeteseteseseetsneteseneeteeeeee 28 6.3) Calculating the COMPONENL........ cect eeeeeteeteseseecsnesseseecseeeeseseseassnecsnesseeseesseeseteasiesssnesanenseeaeesaeenee 29 Calculating batteries oc. eceseseesseesseseesseeesteseeseseecsnensseseesseeeeseaeseassnecsnensseseesseeneseaseesseessneaeeaeesaeeees 29 7) Material and Maintenance vi 7.1) Material TAA The future materials 0.0.00... cccceecseseeseeeescseseeseseeecseseesesesecseseseseeesseesessseeecseeseaes 33 7.2) Maintenance 8) Conclution ....eeeeeceeecceseeeseecseceescsesscsescescuesscseceesescsacsesceescuensesecaesenesaeaecaesenenaeeeceesenenaeeee vii List of table Table 1 cost in each component 2) solar energy 2.1) What is Solar Energy Sunlight based energy is brilliant light and warmth from the Sun that is bridled utilizing a scope of consistently developing advancements like sun based warming, photovoltaics, sun oriented nuclear power, sun based design, and liquid salt force plants, 2.2) How much solar-type energy exist 2.2.1 Photovoltaic Photovoltaic universes are quite possibly [1][2]the most well-known kinds of sunlight- based force frameworks accessible. Commonly various sun-oriented cells are made up of solar boards, delivering to produce high voltage to switches transform into the rotating electric. A gathering of the sun-based solar boards associated which is necessary pack to transform daylight into power is known as sunlight-based cell frameworks. Figure 2-1. figure2-1.Photovoltaic 2.2.2 Concentrated Solar Energy As it right now remains, it seems to be 4 kinds of highly focused sunlight-based innovations. Those would be the explanatory box, focusing entirely on direct diffraction reflector and sun-based force skyscrapers. The essential main framework is conveyed in 1988 and before that year's over, the number of frameworks had arrived at 14. By 2019, establishments universally had arrived at an aggregate of 6,451. Present-day establishments use a large number of refraction material, thinking that sunlight power into a little zone that obtains sweltering. warmth at that point drives a steam turbine producing power. Water Heating Solar Energy Water warming sunlight-based energy started with dark paint painted onto tanks and used to warm water. As the dark paint ingested the warmth from the sun, it would warm up the water inside it. As crude as this may appear, it shows that we comprehended the force of the sun- powered from almost immediately We generally see this type of sun-based energy in homegrown, business, and mechanical circumstances. Utilizing the innovation which has accessible, a making liquid just warmed up utilizing a sunlight-confronting gatherer. Then at that point passes into the capacity framework which might be warm liquid encompassing lines that exsist the working water. So to control the power networks, limits with regards to water warming sun oriented starting at 2017 seemed to be 472GW. Some countries including turkey are driving their route regarding respect of selection. 10 Solar Pool Heating Running a warming framework to keep a pool warm is a costly interaction. Keeping up the water temperature is a continuous expense that can be decreased by utilizing the sunlight based energy got from the sun. These frameworks customarily comprise of four parts. These are the sunlight based authority, siphon, valve, and channel. Pure liquid goes inside the channel then afterward the sun oriented authorities or boards that has fuel liquids. Then the warmth eventually warms the liquids prior to siphoning high temp water once again into the pool. Figure.2-2 Figure.2-3.solar-pool-heater-system 1 3.1) | What types of solar photovoltaic technologies exist today PV solar panels can charge a large battery. However, in a grid-connected home, this may not be worthwhile at the moment. Batteries are still quite expensive, and their manufacture and disposal have environmental consequences. Solar water heating (solar thermal) is a more efficient option than PV for using sunlight to heat water during the summer. It therefore means it takes up very little roof area, though the cost difference may not always be significant right now. Solar cells (PV) platforms solar energy into electrical energy. The Characterized as the procedure is the conversion of light (electrons) into electrical charge. The efficiencies of various PV technologies vary. Photovoltaic semiconducting technologies are classified into three types: Mono crystalline cells —Mono crystalline cells Silicon semiconductors dominated the global PV economy in 2013, responsible for roughly 90% of the total. Even though single - crystal cells make up the majority of PV panels, there's several types of silicon PV technologies available in the market currently, including single crystalline silicon (c-Si), multicrystalline, silicon (mc-Si), and silicon heterostructures. 14 Thin film systems are distinguished either by deposition of one maybe more small pieces of conductive polymer onto a bottle, polycarbonate, alloy, or other surface. Semiconductor cells are more responsive and lighter as a result. They can be assimilated into structures, such as conductive polymer laminated onto glass doors. Some of the biggest PV power plants use thin- film solar power embedded within glass panes. Thin film cell technologies include the following: Heavy metal telluride (CdTe); copper indium deselenide , pigment photovoltaic panels; undifferentiated silicon and other thin layer (TF-Si) Organic photovoltaic organisms with numerous levels of semiconductors, heterojunction cells, and multijunction cells are more successful than semiconductor materials at using light of different wavelengths. Despite the fact that they convert light from the sun more proficiently, they are presently less financially sensible due to its complexity and associated cost of production. Because of the cost premium, their application has been limited primarily to the aerospace industry, that is distinctively prepared to pay the most for favourable rates. 3.2) The are three type of panels Monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin-film solar panels are the three major parts panels. Any one of these kinds of solar is made differently and has a distinct attractive look. Monocrystalline solar panels typically get the greatest energy and power capacity of any solar array type. I choose this type for the project . 15 4) Solar thermal panels that are used for heating purposes Thermodynamic renewable radiation,[4] also known as solar thermal energy, makes use of the sun's heat. Fluid flowing via the pipes and gathers the sun's power to heat water or generate electricity. Solar radiation, , first appeared in 1895. Originally, these type of system was used to power a combustion engine. William Bailey, who lived a little later, was a major innovator of solar water heating systems. He developed the heat transfer system in 1909. This meant he could have hot water all daylight, then he accomplished because using a liquid tank with a collector beneath it. Several of the challenges that such an application of thermal energy faced was indeed the public transport of excess heat. Many fluids, including oil and sodium, were tried by scientists and inventors, but molten salt proved to be the best option4. This is ideal because it is cost- effective and works perfectly with the steam turbines that are currently in use. Thermal solar energy is more space-efficient than solar PV. When it comes to heat collection, solar thermal can provide up to 70% more efficiency. Furthermore, the technology is much less complicated, especially designed for heating water. 16 4.2) thermal power capacity in Meersin Mersin is a port city on the Mediterranean coast in southern Turkey with estimated population of 1.739.593. Greenway, a Turkish energy company, has finally reached Turkey's first solar thermal power gatehouse factory mostly in southwestern part of Mersin, which would also be housed on one of the country's major Sun Belt locations. The CSP plant, which Greenway constructed with just a $50 million dollars as well as the assistance of Turkey's scientific research watchdog TUBTAK and the Technology And innovation Foundation of Turkey (TTGV), produces 5 MW of combined heat and power, enough to power 1,500 homes. Figure 4-5 Figure 4-6 mersin Solar Tower 19 5) SOLAR ENERGY FIELD IN MERSIN 5.1) What is solar field Solar field are massive solar installations that harvest the sun's power using photovoltaic [5](PV) panels, also known as solar panels, or other methods of collecting solar energy, such as concentrating solar systems. Solar field are also referred to as solar campgrounds and solar farms. Figure 5-1 Figure 5-2 Solar field A solar farm is a huge array of energy storage (PV) solar panels that soak up solar energy, convert it to electrical energy, and send it to the power grid for production and marketing by customers .The territory on which solar panels are built does provide a chance - based for plants and animals.Solar field have a high level of profitability.Solar panels have really no working parts, and the ones that do are housed in sound-proof boxes.They decrease the negative emissions. 20 5.2) Types of solar field Sunlight is directly converted into electricity by photovoltaic technology. Its heat is captured by solar thermal technology. Both locally and in large-scale solar farmland, these various technologies harness the Sun's energy. The Sun, like water or air, is a life support system for the Planet, supplying energy from the sun. Each 50 minutes, solar power, which is sustainable, easily obtainable, and clean, generates enough electricity to meet the worldwide electricity consumption requirements. The task is to collect a portion of this heat and gorgeous energy, however small it is. Figure 5-3 Figure 5-4 solar fiel 21 5.2.2 Solar Trucker system on dual axis Dual-axis detectors have 2 variables of rotation on each axis., referred to as the "main axis" as well as the "crucial axis."To modify with the Sun's angles each day, the rotational axis can move slightly downward and upwards. Dual-axis detecting enables all but the most precise solar device orientation which is said to continue providing 40percent more output via energy absorption. Those other solar systems, but in the other side, are much more complex and Because dual-axis detectors can keep moving in both locations, they always face the Sun. Azimuth-altitude and tip-tilt Dual-axis trackers and altitude-based dual-axis trackers are the two kinds of altitude-based dual-axis tracking system. Dual-axis monitoring is frequently used to direct a reflector and reallocate light from the sun across a specified path toward the executive sponsor. These trackers a sist in obtaining energy from the sun by vertically or horizontally tracking the sun's path. Dual-axis detectors, like solar observatories, depend on control system horizontally and vertically rotates. Those are very pricey, and their use is typically limited to commercial-grade photovoltaic. Those double solar trackers with accurate tracking may be used in orientated solar applications, including such reflectors that obtain natural daylight and convert it into temperature. 24 Advantage of Solar Trucker system on dual axis 25 v v Dual-axis trackers continuously track the Sun as well as provide sustained energy output during the day. In situations where the power capacity of the grid connection is limited, these detectors provide such a sensible solution. Dual-axis trackers require less space and allow you to use the rest of the space for other reasons of course such as parking spaces, landscaping, and so on. When particularly in comparison to a static station with the same capacity factor, These detectors produce 45-% more power per year.. Dual-axis wearable devices are the best option for regions in which solar productivity is likely to be hampered. A complex ground structure, difficult relief, rock protrusions, a descent to the north, and other features could be among these.. Dual-axis trackers have a shorter payback period on investment. Profits will also rise significantly over the course of their existence. Disadvantage of Solar Trucker system on dual axis Dual-axis detectors have a higher level of technical difficulty, making them more prone to errors.. These detectors have a less life expectancy and lower reliability. less performance in foggy and overcast conditions 5.2.3 Tower Central System Central receiver systems are usually huge plants designed to power a steam cycle. The receiver's central location provides a universal advantage by allowing all energy to be collected in one location and saving money on transportation networks. At the same time, the fixed position of such a central receiver limits light collection: because heliostats are always oriented at an angle to the direct beam, the amount of energy collected is less than that of a parabolic concentrator. As a result, in order to achieve the necessary light concentration efficiencies, the size of the collecting field is increased, which takes into account issues such as land use, higher environmental impacts, Land use, greater environmental effects, and greater operating expenses are all factors to take into < count. Deserts and flat arid regions, which have plenty of sunshine and lower land value in comparison to other industrial applications, have thus been identified as having significant potential for the development large-scale central receiver solar plants. The world's current largest solar energy framework is Ivanpah, a power tower system. Ivanpah is located in The southern part California, near the Nevada boundary, and also has 3 primary towers, approximately 2.5 million sq m of heliostat field (mirrors), and can produce up to 377MW of power under it's right circumstances . Solar power tower systems are often used to generate steam for both energy production and industrial plants around the world, with huge frameworks in the tens of megawatts (MW) typically used for research purposes. Ivanpah is the world's first and only solar power tower plant with a capacity greater than 20MW. 26 6.3) Calculating the component Initially, designers must determine how many megawatts of power are required for the predetermined load. Mersin's average power requirement for complete independence is 3000MW, which should be operational for about 24 hours each day. Everythink is included, the applied energy could be calculated by multiplying the energy by the number of hours, as 3000MWx 24 hours = 72MW/h. This is the amount of electricity required in Mersin per day., Calculating batteries Then that designers understand how much electricity is required, we can calculate storage capacity. The amount of days that a pv cell could provide energy, let us just say 5 days, 5 x 72MW/h = 360MW/h, designers need to have a battery which can hold 360MW/h. Assume we have 48 Lithium batteries with a capacity of 7.5kW/h, which means we need 48000 48vLithium Batteries. Calculating solar panels Then it nesseccery to calculate what time period of sunlight designers have, vary based on Mersin places, if designers assume 4 hours in suny days city as an ex - ample, designers have to divide maximum energy into four hours So 360/4 = 90MW, so we need to have a framework of solar panels that can produce up to 90MW so that each panel can produce 0.425KW we need 847,058,823 Photovoltaic panels. Charge Manager To determine the charge controller required, divide 360MW/48 by 7,500,000, resulting in a charge controller requiring 7,500,000A. 29 Cost in each component Table 1 cost in each component Component aun Total cost ETS Solar ponel $200 847,058,823 $95,611.7M needed 48vLithium $5000 48000 $24M Batteries (because of backup generator) Charge $100 7,500,000 $750M needed Controler Back up generators | $6000 100 $.6M needed Tnverter $1000 360000 $360M needed Solar trucking $13000 47,058,823 $611,764.6M needed system Solarfield Area 100km sqr needed workers $500 5000 $2.5M Total cost $25,800 $711B needed 30 7) Material and Maintenance 7.1) Material Today's silicon has undergone extensive processing before being used in solar cells[7]. A material is obtained from silicon dioxide mining industry, that are common through places with high concentration of quartz. It is refined to achieve silica of metallic materials grade. This is done in an electric furnace by releasing the oxygen in the silica quartzite with coal, likely to result in a much more reliable silica made up. Steelmaking hardness, on the other hand, is insufficient system. Figure 7-1silicon Figure 7-2silicon 31 7.2) Maintenance Solar panel ownership is a significant investment, and solar array repairs is needed to guarantee long-term economic advantages. So there are some suggestions besides solar panel maintenance and repairs. 34 Maintain solar panels out of shade because they produce inefficient energy when they are unable to absorb some sunlight. Stay updated on the solar cells, and ensure the circuits are lighting up green. When they aren't lighting up, it's operating at a loss because it can't compensate for electricity consumption.. Record the day-to-day production of solar panels to improve maintenance. It is critical to keep track about how much electricity is generated at a consolidated level each day and to take special note of dates when the sky is cloudy. A few other results will be inconclusive. ( solar panel manufacturer can advise on the best monitoring system for frames.) Control systems demonstrate that however much designers contribute to the surroundings and just how much CO2 can emit into the atmosphere. Individuals can also tell how much money stand to make from the feed-in tariff policy. When designers are on the job, they can obtain data about solar array maintenance on a fence display.. e If repairs do not have time to clean photovoltaic panels, designers can install sprinkler-style computerized cleaners or schedule cleaning consultations with solar panel cleaning services. e Fortunately, even though photovoltaic systems do not even have mechanical devices that can rust or fall to pieces, solar power repair work may not be necessary. Figure 7-5 Figure 7-6 maintaining solar panels Tips for cleaning solar panels Solar array cleaning kits are extremely useful for cleaning solar panels. A biodegradable soap, a wiper, and a small brush or brush with a longer handle are included in the kit. In the bucket, combine the soap and water. The bottle includes instructions. Squeeze the brush into it's container and gently wipe the solar panels. 35 v Employ pure water or a small brush to eliminate any dust and dirt or mud which has accumulated upon this panels. Washing solar panels has never been easier! Once solar panels are damp or wet, whatever mud or dust that has collected on them can be easily swept away. v If it clean the solar panels with a rough sponge or soap, it risk rubbing the crystal. The best way to manage solar panels is with a soft rag or environmentally friendly soap.. v It is essential never to use heavy handed cleaning products on solar panels as they can cause serious damage, and solar panels are expensive to fix.. v If it clean frequently, it may be possible to eliminate dirt by simply running a hose along the panels. There are fewer request for solar panel repairs. v To ensure everyones safety and security of others around loved ones, wash each panels whilst still standing here on surface with a long-handled wiper. Figure 7-7 Figure 7-8cleaning solar panel 36