Media and Information Literacy, Study notes of Computer science

Download Media and Information Literacy and more Study notes Computer science in PDF only on Docsity! Lesson 1: INTRODUCTION TO MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY What is Communication? → the act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviors to express or exchange information or to express your ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc., to someone else. → the exchange of information and the expression of feeling that can result in understanding TRANSMISSION MODELS What is Lasswell’s Communication Model (1948)? → In this model, the focus was on the source and the channel through which information was sent. While, effect was taken into consideration, there was no concept of feedback. Hence, it is a linear model. What is Shannon-Weaver’s Communication Model (1948)? → The model deals with various concepts like Information source, transmitter, Noise, channel, message, receiver, channel, information destination, encode and decode. → This model states that communication is a two-way highway, which means that information passes between the sender and receiver. RECEPTION MODEL What is Osgood- Schramm Model Of Communication (1954)? → This revised model indicates that: 1) communication is not linear, but circular; 2) communication is reciprocal and equal; 3) messages are based on interpretation; 4) communication involves encoding, decoding, and interpreting. What is Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication (1960)? → is a linear transmission model that includes four components: the sender, message, channel, and the receiver. → This model views communication as the transfer of information. The sender transforms a thought into a message, or encodes the message. What are the 10 levels of intimacy in today’s communication? → What is media? → Refers to the various channels of communication between a person or persons and their intended audience. What is information? → It is a data, knowledge derived from study, experience, or instruction, signals or symbols → knowledge of specific events or situations What is Media Literacy? → The ability to read, analyze, evaluate and produce communication in a variety of media forms. What is Information Literacy? → The ability to recognize when information is needed and to locate, evaluate, effectively use and communicate information in its various formats. What is Technology (Digital) Literacy? → The ability to use digital technology, communication tools or networks to locate, evaluate, use, and create information. What is Media and Information Literacy? → It includes information and communication literacy and digital literacy. → Defined as a set of competencies that empowers citizens to access, retrieve, understand, evaluate and use, create, as well as share information and media content in all formats What does the acronym THINK mean? → T is for: Is it TRUE? → H is for: Is it HONORING? → I is for: Is it INFORMATIVE? → N is for: Is it NECESSARY? → K is for: Is it KIND? Lesson 2: EVOLUTION OF MEDIA MEDIA INFORMATION AGES What people discovered in Pre-Industrial Age? → People discovered fire, developed paper from plants, and forged weapons and tools with stone, bronze, copper and iron → Example: Cave Painting, Clay tablets in Mesopotamia, Papyrus in Egypt, Printing press using wood blocks, Codex in the Mayan region What people discovered in Industrial Age? → People used the power of steam, developed machine tools, established iron production, and the manufacturing of various products (including books through the printing press). → Example: Typewriter, Telephone, Telegraph, Punch cards, Printing press for mass production, Newspaper- The London Gazette, etc. What people discovered in Electronic Age? → People harnessed the power of transistors that led to the transistor radio, electronic circuits, and the early computers. → Example: Transistor Radio, Television, OHP, LCD projectors, Mainframe computers, UNIVAC 1, etc. What people discovered in Information Age? → People advanced the use of microelectronics with the invention of personal computers, mobile devices, and wearable technology. → Example: Web browsers, Social networks, Microblogs, Smart phones, Wearable technology, Portable computers, etc. Lesson 2.1: THE EVOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL TO NEW MEDIA NORMATIVE THEORIES OF THE PRESS What is Authoritarian Media Press? → all forms of communications are under the control of the governing elite or authorities or influential bureaucrats → The authorities have all rights to permit any media and control it by providing license to the media and make certain censorship. Thus, the media controlled and censored by the ministries in the country What is Soviet Media Press? → from Marxist, Leninist and Stalinist thoughts, with mixture of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ideology and developed and followed by Adolf Hitler’s Nazi in Germany and Benito Mussolini in Italy. → government undertake or controls the total media and communication to serve working classes and their interest. → Provide positive thoughts to create a strong socialized society as well as providing information, education, entertainment, motivation and mobilization. Hence, the whole control of the media is under the leader of the nation. What is Libertarian Media Press? → is fully free without any intervention of any authority or government and against the authoritarian thoughts. → press should not restrict anything even a negative content may give knowledge and can make better decision whilst worst situation What is Social Responsibility Media Press? → allows free press without any censorship but at the same time the content of the press should be discussed in public panel and media should accept any obligation from public interference or professional self- regulations or both → lies between both authoritarian theory and libertarian theory because it gives total media freedom in one hand but the external controls in other hand → press freedom in one hand but other hand they controlled the press by raising question Lesson 3: INFORMATION LITERACY What is Data? → called 'raw' information because it's just the facts, without any analysis or interpretation having taken place. → Defines who created the content, the individual or groups credentials/expertise and provides contact information What does Currency mean? → Information is current and updated frequently What does Fairness mean? → Content is balanced, presenting all sides of an issue and multiple point of view What does Relevance mean? → Content is relevant to your topic or research How to Spot Fake News? → Consider the source → Check The author → Read beyond → Supporting sources → Check the date → Check your biases → Ask the experts → Is it a joke? Lesson 6: MEDIA AND INFORMATION LANGUAGES What is genre? → comes from the French word meaning 'type' or 'class‘ → can be recognized by its common set of distinguishing features (codes and conventions) What does codes mean? → are systems of signs, which create meaning What does conventions mean? → are the generally accepted ways of doing something TYPES OF CODES What is Technical Codes? → ways in which equipment is used to tell the story (camera techniques, framing, depth of fields, lighting and exposure, etc.) What is Symbolic Codes? → show what is beneath the surface of what we see (objects, setting, body language, clothing, color, etc. ) What is Written Codes? → use of language style and textual layout (headlines, captions, speech bubbles, language style, etc. ) TECHNICAL CODES AND CAMERA TECHNIQUES What are the Basic Camera Shots? → Extreme Wide Shot → Wide Shot → Medium Shot → Medium Close- up → Close- up → Extreme Close- up What are the Advance Camera Shots? → Two Shot → Cut Away → Over the Shoulder → Point of View → Selective Focus → Arc Shot What are the Camera Angles? → Eye-Level → High Angle → Low Angle → Bird's Eye View → Worm’s Eye View → Slanted (canted) What is a video treatment? → consists of a written condensation of a proposed film or TV dramatic production → written in the present tense, using active language and often read like a short story What is a storyboard? → A storyboard is a graphic representation of how your video will unfold, shot by shot. → Think of it as sort of a comic book version of your script.