Media and Information Literacy, Slides of Media Management

Download Media and Information Literacy and more Slides Media Management in PDF only on Docsity! Media and Information Sources (Lec) Learning Competencies The learners compare potential sources of media and information.Performance Standards The learners shall be able to examine the reliability, accuracy, value, authority, and timeliness of the different sources of media and information. Specific Learning Objectives At the end of the lesson, the learners must be able to: • Demonstrate an ability to examine and compare information from various sources in order to evaluate its reliability, accuracy, authority, timeliness, and bias. • Determine the accuracy, reliability and value of information by questioning the source of data, limitations of the information gathering tools or strategies, and the rationale of the conclusions.  Authority of the source - Much of the information we gather daily do not come from a primary source but are passed on through secondary sources such as writers, reporters, and the like. Sources with an established expertise on the subject matter are considered as having sound authority on the subject.  Timeliness - Reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary based on the time it was produced or acquired. While a piece of information may have been found accurate, reliable, and valuable during the time it was produced, it may become irrelevant and inaccurate with the passing of time (thus making it less valuable). Other information may be timeless, proven to be the same in reliability, accuracy, and value throughout history.  INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE Indigenous knowledge (IK) is the local knowledge – knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society. IK contrasts with the international knowledge system generated by universities, research institutions and private firms. (Warren 1991)INDIGENOUS MEDIA: …owned, controlled and managed by indigenous peoples in order for them to develop and produce culturally appropriate information in the languages understood by the community by utilizing indigenous materials and resources, reflecting community needs and interests, visions and aspirations, and independent from vested interest groups. (Indigenous Media, Freedom of Expression and Right to Information: A S E A N S c e n a r i o, 2014) Sources of Information: CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIGENOUS MEDIA  Oral tradition of communication the stories, beliefs, etc., that a group of people share by telling stories and talking to each other https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/oral%20tradition  Store information in memories  Information exchange is face-to-face  Information are contain within the border of the community Skills in accessing information from libraries - Due to the wealth of information in a library, it is important to know the following:  The access tool to use  How the information being accessed may be classified  The depth of details required--some libraries provide only an abstract of the topic  More detailed information might require membership or some conformity to set rules of the source (ex. databases).Characteristics of libraries in terms of reliability, accuracy and value - Libraries of published books are often considered highly reliable, accurate, and valuable. Books and documents from dominant sources are often peer reviewed. ISSN or ISBN registration ensures that standards were followed in producing these materials. (issn = international standard serial no., isbn = international standard book no.) MODERN LIBRARY INTERIORS - DECORATION IDEAS IN 2016 Source: http://mostpp.org/modern-library-interiors-2/ Source:http://mostpp.org/modern-library-interiors-2/ Source: http://mostpp.org/modern- library-interiors-2/ ail” alam Nis d\n PTD take ened iE a place for friends  The general public gained access to the Internet on July 16, 1986 when the first Freenet came on-line in Cleveland in the U.S.  Between 1987 and 1988 the number of hosts increased from 10,000 to 60,000  With the development of the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1991, there was no stopping the rapid expansion of the Internet.  Tim Berners Lee brought all of this together to form the World Wide Web in 1990.  People only had to download a WWW browser in order to access the info on millions of websites. Countries around the world joined the Internet and registered their two-letter domain names, e.g. ca for Canada.  The most important development was in 1993, was the release of the first graphic web browser software, Mosaic. In 1994 the first junk e-mail or "spam" was sent out this year. The first shopping malls also appeared along with Internet radio stations (mainly rebroadcasting) and the first cyber bank. In 1998, the Internet continued to grow, with thousands of new subscribers every day joining the millions already subscribed. WHAT IS IT?  The Internet is a worldwide, publicly accessible network of interconnected computer networks that transmit data using the standard Internet Protocol (IP).  It’s a worldwide network of computers that allows the "sharing" or "networking" of information at remote sites from other academic institutions, research institutes, private companies, government agencies, and individuals.  It allows people to send and receive data wherever they are in the world if they have internet access  Everyone will find that they use the internet in one way or another, whether it is to research some information or simply talk to friends  Today, the Web and the Internet allow connectivity from literally everywhere on earth—even ships at sea and in outer space. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES The internet has many more advantages than it does disadvantages according to research. Advantages:  Allows easy and quick access to information  Enables user to access files and information from any computer anywhere in the world  People can check financial information, purchase products, talk to people and much more online  Downloading music- quick and easy  User can send information quickly from computer to computer Disadvantages:  It promotes violence and bad behaviour within society, as it contains violent videos and other disturbing images  It can encourage negative activities such as pornography and paedophilia, these things can now be explored more openly due to the internet  It stops children from going out, as they wish to stay home and use the internet to talk to friends, etc. THE VALUE OF THE INTERNET FOR MEDIA INSTITUTIONS The internet is a great advantage to different institutions around the world. It enables them to:  Advertise online which gives them further promotion  Allow customers, etc. to make online accounts and buy products online  They can use the internet to create their own website which can give clients the latest news, etc.  Allows them to send emails, etc. to institutions in other countries to also give further promotion and development  They can download information from the internet on to their computer systems quick and easily  MASS MEDIA What is Mass Media ? All media technologies used for mass communications Organizations which control these technologies Types of Mass Media Print Recordings Cinema Radio Television Internet Mobile phones Power of Mass Media Key role in political power Shaping public perceptions on important issues Shaping modern culture (belief, values, traditions) Print Media Paper and ink Late 15th century Newspapers, magazines, classifieds, circulars, journals, yellow pages, billboards, posters, brochures, and catalogues Internet World Wide Web (since about 1990) Websites (news, blogs, social networking, wiki) Forums/message board Internet telephony (e.g. VoIP) Email, Instant messaging and chat Streaming audio (podcasts = a digital audio file made available on the Internet for downloading to a computer or mobile device, typically available as a series, new installments of which can be received by subscribers automatically., Internet radio) Streaming video (webcasts, podcasts, YouTube videos) Mobile Phones Make mobile telephone calls across a wide geographic area Since about 2000 (3G - mass media) The first personal mass media Permanently carried Always on Built-in payment mechanism The most accurate audience measurement Mass Media (G) (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) Newspapers, magazines, ___(1)___, circulars, journals, catalogues, ___(2)___, ___(3)___, posters, brochures, and catalogues. Gramophone records, magnetic tapes, cassettes, cartridges, ___(4)___, ___(5)___ Comedy, Drama, Horror, Action, Children's, Suspense/Thriller, Fantasy, ___(6)___, Romance, Science Fiction, ___(7)___, Family, Mystery College, ___(8)___, Community, International broadcasting, Music, Pirate, Public ___(9)___, Movies, Situation comedy, Sports events, Audience participation, Talk/conversation, Music, ___(10)___, Devotional/religious WWW Websites (news, ___(11)___, ___(12)___, wiki) Forums/message board Internet telephony (e.g. VoIP) Email, ___(13)___ and chat Streaming audio Streaming video • The first personal mass media • Permanently carried • Always ___(14)___ • Built-in payment mechanism • The most accurate __(15)__ Quiz COOPERATIVE LEARNING GROUP DISCUSSION Guide Questions: 1. What are the different types of media that can be used as a source of information? 2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of media as sources of information? 3. How can you evaluate or measure information quality? Photo Credit: http://www.careeranna.com/ar ticles/group-discussion-topic- 7-should-maggi-be-allowed- to-make-a-comeback/ * Types of Sources +) | be Books Articles Newspapers Internet Scholarly Trade . Journals Publications Magazines In-depth, detailed Up-to-date and Targeted towards Broad summaries of Up-to-date, national Wide variaty of coverage of a topic highly specific for professionals in a issues for a general and regional information. Evaluate and background scholars and discipline or industry. audience, information for a websites carefully, information. researchers. general audience. Source: http://iupui.campusguides.com/c.php? EVALUATING INFORMATION BY EASTERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES BASED ON THE WORK OF PAUL AND ELDER Source: http://studio.eku.edu/evaluate-information EVALUATING INFORMATION BY EASTERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES BASED ON THE WORK OF PAUL AND ELDER Source: http://studio.eku.edu/evaluate-information EVALUATING INFORMATION BY EASTERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES BASED ON THE WORK OF PAUL AND ELDER Source: http://studio.eku.edu/evaluate-information A NEWSPAPER ARTICLE: FACEBOOK TAGS SEVERAL FAKE NEWS ITEMS FROM PH by Rene P. Ciria-Cruz www.inquire.net April 22, 2017 http:// usa.inquirer.net/3119/facebook-tags-several-fake-ne ws-items-ph PERFORMANCE TASK: COOPERATIVE LEARNING INTERVIEW ACTIVITY Photo Credit: http:// www.clg- mare- coignieres.ac- versailles.fr/ index.php/ enseignemen ts/francais PERFORMANCE TASK: COOPERATIVE LEARNING INTERVIEW ACTIVITY Divide yourselves into groups with 3 - 4 members.  Each group will interview two elders coming from two families. You will ask about cultural beliefs or practices in the community valued by the elders. Students need to identify and gather information to at least two cultural beliefs or practices.  Encode the information on a short bond paper, identify the source of information.  Students will interview 10 classmates or schoolmates and find out if these cultural beliefs or practices are still known and being valued by their generation. (Example 3 out of 10…)  Submit it to the teacher via Edmodo not more than 2 weeks after it was assigned. Indicate group # with members & section. PROS & CONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MEDIA AS SOURCES OF INFORMATION • Traditonal Media  Network TV Pros:  High viewership and broad reach. Possibly still the highest reach medium.  High impact.  Demographic targeting is possible with opportunities to target by interest.  Quality program environment (usually!).  Strong creative medium. Combine sight, sound and motion for emotional impact and to educate.  Good medium to reach children.  Good credibility. TV is established and solid. PROS & CONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MEDIA AS SOURCES OF INFORMATION • Traditonal Media Cable TV  CONS  Expensive production.  Clutter. Cable runs many more adverts than network TV.  People can channel surf and skip commercials, or edit them out altogether.  Lower more fragmented reach and lower rated programs than network TV.  Not everyone has cable, and not all cable channels are carried by cable companies.  Difficult to measure response. PROS & CONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MEDIA AS SOURCES OF INFORMATION • Traditonal Media Radio  PROS  More affordable than TV for media buy and creative production.  Usually well targeted demographics.  Good listener loyalty and high amount of time spent listening.  Very immediate. Good for promoting events.  Stations often provide added value if you negotiate.  Fairly flexible. Schedules can be altered on short notice. PROS & CONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MEDIA AS SOURCES OF INFORMATION • Traditonal Media Radio  CONS  Geo-targeting can be challenging.  Audio only. No visuals and no time for much detail.  Listeners are not actively engaged.  Adverts get easily lost in the clutter. Four or five different ads are run one after another. People tend to tune out when commercials come on.  Although cheaper than TV, radio can still be a substantial media buy and have high production costs  Difficult to measure response.  Declining audiences. PROS & CONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MEDIA AS SOURCES OF INFORMATION • Traditonal Media Direct Mail  PROS  Low cost per thousand.  Good lists allow you to target people by location, personal interest, buying etc.  Great for reinforcing existing relationships and rewarding customers.  Unlimited message length and good creative canvas.  Good for direct response and special offers. PROS & CONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MEDIA AS SOURCES OF INFORMATION • Traditonal Media Direct Mail  CONS  Production and postal costs can be costly.  Low response rate (a successful direct mail response rate is 2%-3%).  Can devalue your brand, as it is considered intrusive junk mail by many, although tone and personalization play a large part in mitigating this.  Can be thrown away unlooked at or unopened  DM is only as good as your mailing list, so factor in the administrative time to maintain your mailing list. PROS & CONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MEDIA AS SOURCES OF INFORMATION • Traditonal Media Newspapers PROS  Credible and familiar.  Especially good for targeting older markets 50 +.  Good geographic targeting.  Larger papers reach a large local audience.  Smaller community papers can be effective in reaching specific communities.  Good demographic targeting based on interest; choose features or sections of interest to your target market and/or synergy with your brand.  Immediate reach and short lead times.  Reasonable creative flexibility.  Allows you to include detailed info including response forms.  Good for offers. PROS & CONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MEDIA AS SOURCES OF INFORMATION • Traditonal Media Magazines CONS  Long lead times require advance planning.  Long shelf life makes time sensitive messages problematic.  Expensive due to niche readership, although rate card is almost always open for negotiation.  Often many magazines in each niche so hard to choose the right publication.  Circulation figures may be artificially inflated by free copies distributed.  Cluttered environment with many adverts, readers can tune out adverts.  Very difficult to track response.  In our experience magazines are not very effective for direct response. • Non Traditonal & Social Media  Digital SEM, Web banners & Remarketing PROS  Tight budget controls with the ability to adjust budget and spend on the fly.  Inexpensive production cost (no printing or postage)  Pay per click means you pay only for results.  Flexible. Your campaign can be rapidly updated or optimized based on results.  Measureable. Track traffic to your site and online sales.  Track your ROI accurately.  An engaged active audience.  Strong targeting capabilities, geo-target. Target by interest and by key words.  Strong creative targeting. Target your ads to your audience by interest and location.  Retarget people who have visited your site but not converted, with remarketing. • Non Traditonal & Social Media Digital SEM, Web banners & Remarketing CONS  Limited creative space can constrain messaging and creative.  Declining click through rates on web banners through advertising clutter.  Targeting takes time and experimentation to find your audience,  Requires continual maintenance.