Ethics and Medical Ethics: Principles, Theories, and Practices, Exams of Medicine

Download Ethics and Medical Ethics: Principles, Theories, and Practices and more Exams Medicine in PDF only on Docsity! 2 Medical Law & Ethics Final Exam 2024 The definition of ethics is: - ANS>> all of the above Values are: - ANS>> principles one chooses to live by The principle of "doing no harm" is called: - ANS>> nonmaleficence If there is one heart available for transplant and healthcare professionals must make the decision as to who gets the heart, which bioethical principle is involved? - ANS>> Justice The reason that most people enter the healthcare field is grounded in the principle of: - ANS>> beneficence Actions that show respect for human dignity, such as being honest and putting the patient first, reflect which of the following principles? - ANS>> Integrity Who is the most important person in the healthcare organization's code of ethics? - ANS>> Patient When healthcare professionals attempt to improve the situations surrounding the patient, they are practicing which of the following principles? - ANS>> Beneficence Respect for others whose beliefs, practices, religions, or customs may differ from our own is called: - ANS>> Tolerance Unwavering adherence to an individual's values and principles with dedication to high standard is: - ANS>> Integrity Principles that individuals choose to live by are called: - ANS>> Values Ethical theory based on the greatest good for the greatest number is called: - ANS>> utilitarianism This ethical theory is based on the obligation of the individual to perform his or her responsibility no matter the circumstance. - ANS>> Teleology This type of ethics theory emphasizes the specific person and does not consider the general population. - ANS>> Rights-based ethics "Justice is blind" ethics theory is considered: - ANS>> Justice-based ethics This ethics theory is based on character traits and qualities of individuals. - ANS>> Virtue-based ethics 2 What is the first question one should ask when making ethical business decisions? - ANS>> Is it legal? In the seven step decision making model, what is the first step that should be taken? - ANS>> Determine all the facts of the situation In the Dr. Bernard Lo clinical model method of decision making, one should first: - ANS>> Gather information Medical ethics committees formed in very large medical facilities: - ANS>> Make decisions based on logic and the codes and standards of the facility. What is accreditation? - ANS>> Officially recognizing a person or organization for meeting standards established by an industry An important program each healthcare facility should have is: - ANS>> quality assurance programs. What is the principle that ethics should be based on what is consistent and fair to everybody? - ANS>> Justice What is the medical etiquette when dealing with patients? - ANS>> Treating them with respect and tolerance What is the difference between ethics and laws? - ANS>> Illegal acts are most likely unethical. If an individual does something illegal, whose responsibility is it to enforce sanctions? - ANS>> The employer of the governing entity Consequence that is levied against a legal or ethical violation is called: - ANS>> disciplinary action Workplace sanctions depend on __________ to instill. - ANS>> professional codes of conduct What are workplace standards? - ANS>> Standards that are expected of employees dependent upon their position Disciplinary action varies from all of the following except: - ANS>> state and federal regulations What is an example of disciplinary action for minor infraction? - ANS>> Corrective action plan 2 Awards that are intended to punish are considered: - ANS>> punitive "The thing speaks for itself: is called: - ANS>> res ipsa loquitur A defendant does not want to go through a trial, and wants the issue at hand dealt with expediently. He may use: - ANS>> alternative dispute resolution This type of defense is a denial of negligence. - ANS>> Affirmative When the defendant shows that the plaintiff's actions or inaction was a contributing factor in the damages, this is considered: - ANS>> comparative negligence In this type of defense, the medical record plays the largest part of the defense. - ANS>> Assumption of risk "Let the master answer" is: - ANS>> respondeat superior To help prevent malpractice, a healthcare provider should: - ANS>> work within their scope of practice Who can protect a physician from liability? - ANS>> Risk management supervisor The risk management supervisor is responsible for: - ANS>> overseeing all written communication for patients. Establishing and putting into place the forms required for patient encounters, including informed consent, and for billing is the ____ __________ __________'s job - ANS>> risk management supervisor Physicians can reduce their liability risks by: - ANS>> following all of the above practices Which statement regarding individual liability insurance policies is correct? - ANS>> Independent contractors may require individual liability coverage even though he or she may be covered under a healthcare facility's policy The prime objective of obtaining liability coverage is to: - ANS>> protect assets in the event of a settlement in the claimant's favor Which individual is probably an independent contractor? - ANS>> A private nurse who sits with a patient just moved from intensive care Most physicains' offices carry a liability policy. Which would not be covered under the policy? - ANS>> Patient 2 What is the best reason to carry a personal professional liability policy? - ANS>> It ensures that the insurer maintains loyalty to its own insured Which is not an advantage of a personal professional liability policy? - ANS>> It is expensive If a policy was in effect from January 1, 1995, through December 31, 2000, and a liability claim was filed on June 23, 2002, what type of coverage could cover the claim, if purchased? - ANS>> Tail coverage A policy was in effect from July 1, 1979, through August 31, 1995. A claim was made on the policy on October 24, 1998, related to an incident that happened while coverage was in force. Which type of policy is most likely to cover the claim? - ANS>> Occurrence The declarations page of a policy would not include which of the following items? - ANS>> Details of coverage Several people sue a physician fro medical professional liability over the course of 1 year, such that the limits of the policy are exceeded. What type of coverage may cover amounts over the limit of regular policy? - ANS>> Umbrella Which of the following claims would have probably be excluded from a professional liability policy? - ANS>> Sexually assaulting a patient What is the best way to notify an insurer if a claim has been made against an insured person or facility? - ANS>> Send a letter by certified mail, return receipt requested. If the insurer determines that individuals not named in the claim played a role in the incident that led to the filing, the insurer may exercise the right of: - ANS>> contribution If an insurer pays a claim even though the physician contends that he or she was not at fault, the insurer may be exercising the right to: - ANS>> settlement The declarations page usually describes which of the following aspects of liability? - ANS>> Limits Liability policies usually require annual payment of which of the following? - ANS>> Premium Liability insurers are interested in whether individuals or facilities have ever had which of the following filed against them? - ANS>> Lawsuit Provisions in a policy usually allow an insurer to cancel or refuse to do which of the following with respect to the policy? - ANS>> Renew 2 When there are disagreements about a claim-related accident, exclusions in an employer's liability policy can cause which of the following? - ANS>> Conflict Generally, an insurance carrier will settle a lawsuit if the claimant has __% chance of winning at trial. - ANS>> 50 The key features to a private policy include all of the following, except: - ANS>> protection If you choose not to renew a policy as of June 30, an suit is brought against you on July 30 for an incident that occurred on June 30, you are not covered. This is considered what type of policy? - ANS>> Claims-made If you choose not to renew a policy as of June 30, and suit is brought against you on July 30 for an incident that occurred on June 30, you are covered. This is considered what type of policy? - ANS>> Occurrence basis This type of policy covers incidents that occurred before the beginning effective date of the policy. - ANS>> Prior acts Professional liability insurers may also provide additional coverage, including: - ANS>> license protection The study of the effects of death and dying is: - ANS>> thanatology Because there were different beliefs in the definition of death, the _______ ______________ __ _____ Act (UDDA) was approved in 1981 to give a consistent definition. - ANS>> Uniform Determination of Death According to the UDDA, one of the determinations of death is: - ANS>> irreversible interruption of circulatory and respiratory functions. The criteria needed that must be met before a patient can be pronounced brain dead include all of the following, except: - ANS>> no talking If a patient is unable to accept his or her condition is terminal, this is considered the ______ stage of death. - ANS>> denial During this stage of death, the patient begins to understand that death is certain and imminent. - ANS>> Depression During this stage of death, the patient hopes to postpone death. - ANS>> Bargaining This is the last stage of grief. - ANS>> Acceptance 2 You break out in a sweat after a conflict. What type of conflict response is this? - ANS>> Physical response Personal conduct, whether verbal or physical, that affects patient care negatively is called: - ANS>> disruptive behavior Which is considered disruptive behavior? - ANS>> "Nurse Betsy is so incompetent." What organization requires healthcare organizations to establish policies and procedures for conflict management? - ANS>> The Joint Commission The Join Commission's standards of performance, in regards to conflict management, refer to: - ANS>> a process for managing conflict among leadership groups. In 2008, TJC identified that the lack of ________ __________ skills was the root cause for disruptive behavior. - ANS>> conflict management The "captain of the ship" doctrine refers to: - ANS>> a person in charge is responsible Which is not an example of disruptive behavior? - ANS>> Compliment to a patient When you feel rage after a conflict, this is considered what type of conflict response? - ANS>> Emotional This type of provider is not required to complete full medical school requirements. - ANS>> OD The providers are not physicians, but may perform similar services. - ANS>> PAs Allied health professionals include the following, except: - ANS>> OT Why must a healthcare professional wear an identifying badge at all times in a hospital? - ANS>> Some people may mistake a mid-level practitioner with a physician. What is an advantage of incorporation? - ANS>> All of the above Who can bill to insurance companies? - ANS>> NPs A physician owns a pharmacy down the street from his office, and refers patients there without disclosing that he owns it. The term for this is: - ANS>> fee splitting This type of practice has physicians work for him or her, but still owns the practice. - ANS>> Sole proprietorship This type of practice is a corporate structure, and shares in the overhead and personnel expenses. - ANS>> Group practice 2 This type of practice has a two or more providers that share in overhead, but do not share in the profits or losses. - ANS>> Associate practice If an insurance plan is 80/20, what is the term for this plan? - ANS>> Point-of-service In this insurance plan, the patient chooses his or her provider and pays a flat fee to the provider. - ANS>> PPO A disadvantage to an HMO is: - ANS>> some areas may not have a participating physician Government carriers include all of the following, except: - ANS>> Blue Cross/Blue Shield A person is under the poverty level. What kind of insurance may he or she have? - ANS>> Medicaid The insurance used to cover military members and their families is called: - ANS>> TRICARE Medical coverage for persons 65 and older is called: - ANS>> Medicare Which part of Medicare covers prescriptions? - ANS>> D Which part of Medicare covers hospital claims? - ANS>> A