Medical Terminology, Summaries of Latin language

Download Medical Terminology and more Summaries Latin language in PDF only on Docsity! Medical Terminology Dr. Rafal J. Al-Saigh Basic Elements of a Medical Word 1. Word Root 2. Combining Form 3. Suffix 4. Prefix These four parts of a word are known as ELEMENTS. Combining forms consist of a combining vowel. The combining vowel is usually an “o”, but others may be used like (i, e, a, y). Micr o Word root Combining vowel 2. Combining Forms When a word has more than one root, a combining vowel is used to link the root to each other. osteoarthritis oste/ o / arthr/ itis Word root Combining vowel Word root suffix Slashes separate elements 3. Prefixes Word parts placed at the beginning of word root to alter its meaning or create a new word. Usually indicates location (direction), number, or time Often not need a combining vowel with Prefix Meta = after or beyond (direction) Trans = through (direction) Intra = within (direction) Contra = against (direction) • A- mast -ia without breast condition • hyper- therm -ia excessive heat condition • intra- muscul -ar within muscle relating to 10 Prefix Meaning brachy brady contra dys hemi hyper hypo short slow against abnormal; difficult half above normal below normal brachycephaly 11 Prefix Meaning inter Iso mal meta micr(o) olig(o) peri between equal; same bad; inadequate After small few; little; scanty around; about; near 12 Prefix Meaning pro re retro semi supra tachy un before; forward again; backward behind; backward half above; over fast not Meanings of certain suffixes (derived from greek or latin language) Arthr/o -centesis Arthrocentesis joint puncture puncture of a joint throac/o -tomy Thoracotomy chest incision incision of the chest gastr/o -megaly Gastromegaly stomach enlargement enlargement of the stomach Meanings of certain suffixes (derived from modern language) -al pertaining to dent/al (pertaining to teeth) -er one who speak/er (one who speaks) -able capable of being playable (capable of being played) If suffix begins with a consonant, therefore a combining vowel must be used between the word root and the suffix. -scope (instrument to view) Gasteroscopy -rrhexis (rupture) Angiorrhexis -rrhea (flow or discharge) Rhinorrhea If suffix begins with a vowel, therefore a combining vowel is NOT used between the word root and the suffix. -algia (pain) Arthralgia -edema (swelling) Papilledema -uria (urine, urination) Heamaturia -oma (tumor) Adenoma (glandular tumor) Suffix Meaning -emesis -emia -esthesia -globin -gram -graph -graphy vomiting blood sensation protein a recording recording instrument process of recording Suffix Meaning -ic -ism -itis -kinesia -logist -lysis -malacia pertaining to condition; disease inflammation movement one who practices destruction of softening osteomalacia Suffixes (mania-pathy) Suffix Me ning -mania -megaly -oid -opia -ostomy -para -pathy obsession enlargement like; resembling vision opening bearing disease Suffix Meaning -rrhexis -spasm -stasis -stenosis -tomy -trophy -tropia rupture contraction stopping; constant narrowing cutting operation nutrition turning